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Addressing heritage crime in Gauteng, South Africa : an integrative expositionBenson, Bernadine Carol 19 December 2013 (has links)
This research explored, described and explained the nature and the extent of heritage crime as it manifested in the Gauteng Province of South Africa for the period 2006-2010. Gauteng was selected since it is deemed to be the hub of the legal trade. An operational definition of heritage objects was drafted for this study as ‘objects of artistic, cultural, historic or archaeological value regardless of age, housed in or curated by museums or galleries within Gauteng, and which are both tangible and moveable.’ Heritage crime for the purpose of this study was the illegal removal of any heritage object from a museum or gallery.
The annual crime statistics released by the South African Police Services (SAPS) contain no reference to heritage crime of any sort. Therefore this research attempted to quantify the incidents of thefts experienced by museums and galleries in Gauteng for the period 2006-2010. Using a mixed method approach, data were gathered by qualitative and quantitative surveys. A total of 28 qualitative interviews were conducted. These data were integrated with the quantitative data which permitted the achievement of the strategic aims set out for this research. The following aims were achieved:
• The roles and responsibilities of the custodians of the national estate were clarified; • International conventions designed to assist in combating crime perpetrated against cultural property were discussed;
• The national legislation which guides the management, preservation and protection of heritage objects as well as the trade therein within South Africa was examined;
• Policing agencies at the forefront of combating heritage crime were interviewed and international best practices were identified and compared with that which the SAPS are doing to address crime of this nature. These police agencies are situated in Italy, the United Kingdom, the USA and Germany;
• The dynamics of the reported incidents of loss/theft were examined. Several anomalies were identified. Among these are the identification of the typologies of items being targeted and the possible identification of the type of thief perpetrating these crimes.
• Through analysis of incidents it was also possible to highlight that the majority of thefts occur during the time when museums and galleries are open and that the items stolen are usually on open display (not affixed to the surface and not behind a barrier of any sort).
Through the analysis of the data for legal trade and the theft incidents it was possible to design a Framework depicting the interface between the legal and illegal markets for trade in heritage objects. The research also provides law enforcement with minimum guidelines to ensure that crimes of this nature are addressed more effectively. / D.Litt. et Phil. / Department of Criminology (Police Science)
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Addressing heritage crime in Gauteng, South Africa : an integrative expositionBenson, Bernadine Carol 06 1900 (has links)
This research explored, described and explained the nature and the extent of heritage crime as it manifested in the Gauteng Province of South Africa for the period 2006-2010. Gauteng was selected since it is deemed to be the hub of the legal trade. An operational definition of heritage objects was drafted for this study as ‘objects of artistic, cultural, historic or archaeological value regardless of age, housed in or curated by museums or galleries within Gauteng, and which are both tangible and moveable.’ Heritage crime for the purpose of this study was the illegal removal of any heritage object from a museum or gallery.
The annual crime statistics released by the South African Police Services (SAPS) contain no reference to heritage crime of any sort. Therefore this research attempted to quantify the incidents of thefts experienced by museums and galleries in Gauteng for the period 2006-2010. Using a mixed method approach, data were gathered by qualitative and quantitative surveys. A total of 28 qualitative interviews were conducted. These data were integrated with the quantitative data which permitted the achievement of the strategic aims set out for this research. The following aims were achieved:
• The roles and responsibilities of the custodians of the national estate were clarified; • International conventions designed to assist in combating crime perpetrated against cultural property were discussed;
• The national legislation which guides the management, preservation and protection of heritage objects as well as the trade therein within South Africa was examined;
• Policing agencies at the forefront of combating heritage crime were interviewed and international best practices were identified and compared with that which the SAPS are doing to address crime of this nature. These police agencies are situated in Italy, the United Kingdom, the USA and Germany;
• The dynamics of the reported incidents of loss/theft were examined. Several anomalies were identified. Among these are the identification of the typologies of items being targeted and the possible identification of the type of thief perpetrating these crimes.
• Through analysis of incidents it was also possible to highlight that the majority of thefts occur during the time when museums and galleries are open and that the items stolen are usually on open display (not affixed to the surface and not behind a barrier of any sort).
Through the analysis of the data for legal trade and the theft incidents it was possible to design a Framework depicting the interface between the legal and illegal markets for trade in heritage objects. The research also provides law enforcement with minimum guidelines to ensure that crimes of this nature are addressed more effectively. / D.Litt. et Phil. (Police Science) / Department of Criminology (Police Science)
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Contraceptive practices in Northern Tshwane, Gauteng ProvinceMaja, Todd Mamutle Mavis 11 1900 (has links)
Unwanted and unintended pregnancies pose major reproductive health challenges to women throughout
the world. Despite the availability of modern contraceptives, many women and men fail to use
contraceptives effectively. This research focussed on reasons for not using contraceptives
effectively in the Northern Tshwane area of the Gauteng Province of the Republic of South Africa
(RSA).
Structured interviews were conducted with 83 women and 71 men about their contraceptive practices.
Age, religion, educational level and residential areas influenced clients' contraceptive
practices. These results were categorised for adult males and females as well as for adolescent
males and females. Adolescents encountered problems in accessing contraceptive services. Adult
females knew most about traditional contraceptives, although men knew about some of these methods,
and adolescents used some of them. All respondents could gain additional knowledge about modern
contraceptives. The respondents' knowledge about · emergency contraceptives was extremely
limited. Although most respondents knew about legalised choice on.termination of pregnancy (CTOP)
services in the RSA, they did not know when nor how to access these services.
Nurses working in contraceptive health services, revealed during a focus group discussion that
a lack of resources (including shortages of malcondoms, contraceptive injections and oral
contraceptives) hampered the quality of services that could be rendered. Of particular
concern was the nonavailability of Norplant implants and female condoms. Nurses expressed a need
for pecific national policy guidelines about supplying contraception to adolescents. Although most
nurses knew about emergency contraceptives, they did not promote its use
because they assumed that clients would misuse emergency contraceptives.instead of using
contraceptives regularly. The nurses indicated that very few facilities offered CTOP services.
The nurses regarded women who obtained repeated CTOPs to be misusing these services and
suggested that limitations should be placed on the number-of times any woman could obtain
such services. The negative attitudes of community members and of colleagues towards
persons working in CTOP services caused hardships for them. Recommendations address ways in which
contraceptive services could be improved. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)
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Contraceptive practices in Northern Tshwane, Gauteng ProvinceMaja, Todd Mamutle Mavis 11 1900 (has links)
Unwanted and unintended pregnancies pose major reproductive health challenges to women throughout
the world. Despite the availability of modern contraceptives, many women and men fail to use
contraceptives effectively. This research focussed on reasons for not using contraceptives
effectively in the Northern Tshwane area of the Gauteng Province of the Republic of South Africa
(RSA).
Structured interviews were conducted with 83 women and 71 men about their contraceptive practices.
Age, religion, educational level and residential areas influenced clients' contraceptive
practices. These results were categorised for adult males and females as well as for adolescent
males and females. Adolescents encountered problems in accessing contraceptive services. Adult
females knew most about traditional contraceptives, although men knew about some of these methods,
and adolescents used some of them. All respondents could gain additional knowledge about modern
contraceptives. The respondents' knowledge about · emergency contraceptives was extremely
limited. Although most respondents knew about legalised choice on.termination of pregnancy (CTOP)
services in the RSA, they did not know when nor how to access these services.
Nurses working in contraceptive health services, revealed during a focus group discussion that
a lack of resources (including shortages of malcondoms, contraceptive injections and oral
contraceptives) hampered the quality of services that could be rendered. Of particular
concern was the nonavailability of Norplant implants and female condoms. Nurses expressed a need
for pecific national policy guidelines about supplying contraception to adolescents. Although most
nurses knew about emergency contraceptives, they did not promote its use
because they assumed that clients would misuse emergency contraceptives.instead of using
contraceptives regularly. The nurses indicated that very few facilities offered CTOP services.
The nurses regarded women who obtained repeated CTOPs to be misusing these services and
suggested that limitations should be placed on the number-of times any woman could obtain
such services. The negative attitudes of community members and of colleagues towards
persons working in CTOP services caused hardships for them. Recommendations address ways in which
contraceptive services could be improved. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)
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