Mémoire (M.Ed.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thèse--Université Upsala. / Thesis note on leaf laid in. "Bibliographie": p. [477]-487.

Mémoire (M.Ling.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. / Ce mémoire a été réalisé à l'UQAC dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en linguistique de l'Unniversité Laval extensionné à l'UQAC. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. 113-117. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

L'enseignement/apprentissage du français à des fins professionnelles représente une nécessité pour mettre en valeur cette langue aux yeux des jeunes Yéménites ; il s'agit de ceux qui envisagent d'intégrer le marché de l'emploi où le français est un moyen de communication. Ceci exige tout d'abord une identification des domaines potentiels liés au marché de l'emploi auxquels les apprenants yéménites de français doivent être orientés. Le Yémen constitue en effet une destination touristique attractive, ce qui ouvre de nombreuses opportunités pour les Yéménites francophones. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons jugé important de mener cette recherche que nous avons débutée par la mise en lien de la potentialité du marché du tourisme au Yémen et de la langue française comme atout important dans l'intégration des Yéménites francophones à ce marché.Nous avons ensuite étudié les compétences que les diplômés sont censés acquérir et les métiers que ceux-ci peuvent exercer. Pour ce faire, nous avons effectué des enquêtes (questionnaires et entretiens) qui nous ont permis d'identifier notre public et son rapport au français. Nous les avons questionnés également sur certaines compétences nécessaires que ceux-ci devraient acquérir au cours de leur parcours d'étude dans les institutions d'enseignement/apprentissage du français, ce qui nous a amené à étudier dans la deuxième partie de notre thèse la situation et le processus d'enseignement/apprentissage du français dans les institutions yéménites. Ceci nous a conduit à approfondir notre recherche en allant de l'enseignement du français général à celui du français à visée professionnelle, et plus particulièrement le français du tourisme, et ce en menant un questionnaire plus spécifiquement liés au français du tourisme.Finalement nous avons jugé nécessaire de proposer des activités didactiques s'appuyant sur des documents authentiques, dans l'espoir de mettre en place par la suite un programme répondant aussi bien aux besoins des apprenants de français qu'aux attentes du marché du tourisme. / The teaching/learning of French to professional ends is considered as a necessary step towards valorizing this language among Yemenite Youth. This process is is associated with those who wish to start working in an environment where the French language is the tool of communication. This involves, firstly, the identification of potential fields where the Yemenite learners of French should be directed. In fact, the Republic of Yemen constitutes an attractive touristic destination something which opens up numerous opportunities for Yemenites who speak French. This is why we deem it important to carry on this research which we started through connecting the potentiality of the touristic sector in Yemen to the French language as an important asset in the process of integration of Yemenites who speak French into the Job market.We later studied the competences that the graduates are supposed to have and the jobs that they can have. We therefore held inquiries (questionnaires and interviews) that allowed us to identify our target public and its relation to the French language. We also questioned them about certain necessary competences that they needed to acquire in their study process within their teaching/learning institutions. This also led us to focus in the second part of my thesis on the situation and the process of teaching/learning French in the Yemenite institutions. This enabled us to dig more into our research by going from the teaching of general French to a more professional use of the French language and more particularly the French that is used in tourism. This was evident through a questionnaire which was linked to the French used in sightseeing.Finally, it was crucial to suggest activities which are related to didactics by relying on authentic documents hoping that later we could implement a programme that satisfy the needs of both learners of the French language and the job environment which will embrace them.

This thesis will contend that a permanent body of military force under royal command, a ‘standing army’, arose during the first three decades of the seventeenth century in France. Such a development constituted a transformation in the nature of the monarchy’s armed forces. It was achieved by encouraging elements of the French nobility to become long-term office-holders within royal military institutions. Those members of the nobility who joined the standing army were not coerced into doing so by the crown, but joined the new body of force because it provided them with a means of achieving one of the fundamental ambitions of the French nobility: social advancement for their family. The first four chapters of this thesis thus look at how the standing army emerged via the entrenchment of a system of permanent infantry regiments within France. They look at how certain families, particularly from the lower and middling nobility, attempted to monopolise offices within the regiments due to the social benefits they conferred. Some of the consequences that arose from the army becoming an institution in which ‘careers’ could be pursued, such as promotion and venality, will be examined, as will how elements of the the nobility were vital to the expansion of the standing army beyond its initial core of units. Chapters Five and Six will investigate how the emergence of this new type of force affected the most powerful noblemen of the realm, the grands. In particular, it will focus on those grands who held the prestigious supra-regimental military offices of Constable and Colonel General of the Infantry. The thesis concludes that the emergence of the standing army helped to alter considerably the relationship between the monarchy and the nobility by the end of the period in question. A more monarchy-centred army and state had begun to emerge in France by the late 1620s; a polity which might be dubbed the early ‘absolute monarchy’. However, such a state of affairs had only arisen due to the considerable concessions that the monarchy had made to the ambitions of certain elements of the nobility.