<p> Learning to provide emergency care alone and with others in the clinical environment imposes unexplored stresses on novice caregivers. It is unclear whether this stress inhibits or promotes performance and learning. Many academic health professions programs incorporate simulation as a method for teaching patient care emergencies. This study employed a modified switching replications design to explore the relationships and differences between psychological, physiological, and performance measures in health professions students who participated in acutely stressful health care simulation scenarios. Twenty-seven volunteer participants recruited from nursing, medicine, pharmacy, physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy were assigned to teams in either a simulation treatment or a control group. Teams participated in two simulations scenarios where a fallen patient required assistance. Subjects in the simulation treatment groups received a standardized training module called the First Five Minutes^&reg; between simulation experiences. Mean heart rate, maximal mean heart rate, salivary alpha amylase levels, and salivary cortisol levels were compared at intervals before, during, and after each simulation scenario. Psychological stress was evaluated using the Stressor Appraisal Scale (SAS). Team performance during scenarios was scored by independent evaluators using an skills checklist adapted from a standardized commercially available training module, The First Five Minutes&trade;. Performance scores improved in both groups during the second simulation. Mean performance scores of the simulation intervention teams (<i>M</i> = 14.1, <i> SD</i> = 1.43) were significantly higher (<i>t</i> = 4.54, <i> p</i> &lt; .01) than the performance scores of the control teams (<i> M</i> = 10.6, <i>SD</i> = .96). Psychological and physiological measures did not significantly predict performance. Psychological and physiological indicators were reactive to the simulations across time, but did not differ significantly between the control and simulation intervention groups. This investigation explored the multi-dimensional nature of stress (psychological and physiological) that health professions students experience while learning. Simulation intervention did significantly improve group performance, but did not mitigate individual participant stress. Future research should include study with teams of working professionals to determine whether performance and stress measures differ with experience and expertise.</p>

<p> Nearly one-half of doctoral students will never finish their program of study. This statistic is alarming. There is a need for an additional method to assess applicants, aside from prior academic success, in order to best identify those that will not only perform well in courses, but also have the psychosocial skills to persist to degree attainment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an intentionality rubric which was found to have evidence of initial construct validity. Intentionality is a multivariate construct comprised of five domains: motivation, beliefs, goal-setting, goal-seeking, and self-efficacy. Such domains have been found to be important for pursuit of long-term goals. Doctoral students require high intentionality as there is not only coursework to complete, but dissertation research as well. Students need both the academic potential to complete the coursework and intentionality to maintain the journey. Doctoral students and faculty from a university in the Southwest participated in this study. With the rubric evaluated, tests were done of prompts to confirm that intentionality could be elicited in writing samples. The study found evidence of initial construct validity and confirmed that intentionality could be elicited from prompts. A recommendation for incorporating intentionality writing and evaluation into curriculum was offered with suggestions that additional research be conducted on the relationship between intentionality and success. </p><p> <i> Key Words:</i> Intentionality; attrition, university admission, goal setting; goal seeking, statement of purpose, self-efficacy, purpose, projective writing, psychosocial evaluation</p>

<p> This study explored the impact demographic dissimilarity between an interviewer and a job candidate has on how the candidate is evaluated for a job. The interviewer's levels of race- and gender-based prejudice were examined as moderators of this relationship, while stress was examined as a mediator. Race and gender dissimilarity were manipulated by presenting participants with scripted videos of a job candidate responding to interview questions. Participants, who consisted of undergraduate students, were randomly assigned to evaluate a White male, a White female, an African-American male, or an African-American female job applicant. After a brief introductory clip of the candidate, participants reported how stressful they expected the task of evaluating the candidate to be and after watching the video of the interview evaluated the candidate for the job of Academic Advisor, and completed measures of prejudice. </p><p> While racial and gender dissimilarity to the job candidate did not directly affect how the candidate was evaluated for the job, results showed that racial and gender dissimilarity indirectly affected how the candidate was evaluated for the job through the mediator of stress and at different levels of race- and gender-based prejudice. Theoretical support for the impact of demographic dissimilarity on interview outcomes is provided and the practical implications of these findings are discussed. Suggestions for future areas of research are also presented.</p>

<p> Although researchers have focused a vast amount of research on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with diverse groups, few have addressed specific ethnic groups such as Puerto Ricans. This study explored the concerns of Puerto Rican mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD. This research addressed how factors such as acculturation and cultural beliefs within Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Model impacted the process that Puerto Rican mother experienced while obtaining treatment for their children diagnosed with ADHD. Utilizing a qualitative research method and Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model, the narratives of ten mothers of Puerto Rican descent with children between the ages of 7&ndash;11 were questioned. The questions consisted of semi-structured interviews to assess how culture and acculturation within an ecological system impacted the process of obtaining mental health services by Puerto Rican mother's children for their children diagnosed with ADHD. </p><p> The results yielded eight themes that were embedded within Bronfenbrenner's Ecological System's theory that emphasized the importance of how Puerto Rican culture and acculturation level impacted the process of obtaining services. The mothers narratives exposed the barriers and the fears they faced as Puerto Rican mothers with children diagnosed with ADHD within the Unites States. Recommendation supported the need to address the barriers and fears that Puerto Rican mothers faced as they sought treatment for their children diagnosed with ADHD. Future research suggest further exploration of this research to empower this population and enhance the process to obtain treatment. </p><p> <i>KEYWORDS:</i> attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Puerto Ricans, acculturation,Bronfenbrenner's Ecological System Model, Latinos, treatment process, mothers</p>

<p> Psychotherapy is only as effective as the quality of its provider-patient discourse (Poland, 1968; Schwartz, 2009). It is arguable that, in the practice of psychotherapy, theoretical orientations will encapsulate common understandings of the attitude-intention-behavior process, in order to assist in the promotion and prediction of positive health outcomes; and, that personality traits, and professional and demographic characteristics will similarly influence the kind and quality of the therapeutic relationship. </p><p> The current research was interested in investigating whether there were meaningful relationships between the language or labels used to describe consumers of mental health services and the primary theoretical orientation of the clinician. This was accomplished through examination of descriptor preference of consumers. Descriptors that were examined varied in terms of personable descriptors (e.g., the use of a client's initials) versus more traditional labels (e.g., patient and client abbreviations). Participants indicated preference by selecting descriptor words in case study vignettes in two repeated measures of <i> least</i> and <i>most</i> preferred options. Theoretical orientations surveyed were categorized as <i>action-based</i> (e.g., CBT, SBT, ABA, and systemic), <i>insight-based</i> (e.g., psychodynamic and humanistic), and <i>other,</i> which included integrative and crisis-based interventions used in medical environments. </p><p> Results indicated there were differences in the patterns of most and least preferred, depending on theoretical orientation. Insight-based practitioners demonstrated a greater bias against the use of initials and a bias away from the use of patient, whereas Action-based practitioners most preferred initial descriptors. These findings were in direct contrast to previous health care quality studies on physician provider populations, which, in general, opted for maintaining the use of traditional monikers. Further results indicated trends in term preference and demographic and professional variables. For example, related to Gender, men showed a preference for the term patient, whereas women did not. Additionally, older and more experienced clinicians were less biased against the use of the more traditional client. Findings were explained in terms of the differences in the primary foci of services between mental health and physician providers and in terms of the underlying objective in the training of psychotherapy to cultivate heightened listening skills and sensitivity towards the quality of therapeutic discourse.</p>

<p> This study examines the role of the intuitive function in addiction recovery. Addictive behaviors create an internal state dominated by imbalanced instinctual drives. The psychological manifestations are obsessive thoughts, anxiety, depression, guilt, shame, and a sense of isolation. This research explored how subtle unconscious influences like the intuitive function have a role in shifting this treacherous internal state. Intuition is a prominent spectrum function which bridges the unconscious and conscious by providing unexpected knowledge of unknown origins when none is consciously available, assesses potential of situations, and imparts understanding of how and when to carry out instinctual action (Jung, 1971/1976, 1948/1981a).</p><p> Field research was conducted through a qualitative, intuitive, phenomenological methodology. Twelve participants in recovery from alcoholism were asked through conversational interviews about their experience of intuition in sobriety. The participants claimed intuition initiated, sustained, and enhanced their sobriety. They were able to distinguish the intuitive function from the amplified state of need, obsessive thought, and angst. They reported synchronicities, dreams and intuitive influences were instrumental in the decision to stop drinking. In longer term recovery, the intuitive function was perceived when helping others, solving problems, learning self-care, and enhanced intuition was described as one of the biggest gifts of sobriety.</p><p> This research contributes to the field of psychotherapy by discovering the important role of the intuitive function in addiction recovery. Recognizing and helping patients cultivate intuition facilitates the apprehension of addictive behaviors. Working with unconscious functions such as intuition helps those considering sobriety, as well as those in sobriety, to establish a relationship with their unconscious other than one based on addictive patterns. Developing the intuitive function in recovery establishes a conscious relationship to the primary process beyond impulsivity and curbs instinctual impulsivity. </p>

<p> Human beings have engaged in trade, conducted war, created shelter, obtained food, practiced healing, and lived in community throughout the millennia. Historically, religion served as the overarching container used to create meaning within these human activities. In contemporary culture, the myth of "the bottom line" which is the Market economy has become the overarching container for a culture continually seeking to monetize human activity and create meaning through narratives of profitability. </p><p> Archetypal psychology employs polytheistic metaphors to describe the multiple autonomous forces or archetypes that exist within the human imagination. The work of archetypal psychologists and depth psychology authors including James Hillman, Ginette Paris, Michael Vannoy Adams, Karl Ker&eacute;nyi, Charles Boer, and Thomas Moore form the foundation for an archetypal analysis of the myth of "the bottom line." James Hillman calls for attention to the narratives of business and names the myth of "the bottom line," in <i>Kinds of Power </i>, "The drama of business, its struggles, challenges, victories and defeats, form the fundamental myth of our civilization, the story that explains the underlying bottom line of the ceremonies of our behavior" (1). </p><p> This dissertation is an exploration of the way the myth of "the bottom line" and the Market economy affect human experience of the archetype of War in the form of outsourcing of military functions; the archetype of Home in relationship to the commercial entity of a house and the recent market bubble; the archetype of Food in the form of agribusiness, patented seed stock, and processed food; the archetype of Healing in the form of industrialized health care; the archetype of Relationships within social media and technology. This analysis is achieved through an archetypal interpretation of authors who critique the forces of the Market on each of the respective archetypes. In addition, there is archetypal analysis of the voices of the businesses involved in these territories by "reading through" their annual reports and web sites. </p><p> Keywords: archetypal psychology, Hillman, Hermes, market, war, home, food, health care industry, social media, technology.</p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, 1993. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 53-06, Section: B, page: 3142.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, 1994. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 55-11, Section: B, page: 5052. Chair: Wendy Stock.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: B, page: 7690. Adviser: Edward McAuley. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-122) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.