The diploma thesis is addressing legal regulation of nature and landscape protection and it is covering mostly sections 4-13 of the Act no. 114/1992 Coll, on protection of nature and landscape. The aim of the thesis is to provide comprehensive overview of the tools of nature and landscape general protection, describe them in detail and point out legislative shortcomings of current regulation. Descriptive and analytical method is being used in the thesis. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is devoted to an introduction into issues linked to the protection of nature and landscape, it presents the most important terms and instruments used in the protection of nature and landscape. The second chapter is focusing on the major environmental international agreements of which the Parliament of the Czech Republic has given its consent to ratification and which are legally binding for the Czech Republic. The following chapter describes European legislation related to the protection of nature and landscape. The greatest regard is dedicated to the fourth and fifth chapter. The fourth chapter describes legal regulation of general protection of species. Thus, it deals with the issues of protection of wild fauna and flora, including the protection of birds which is separate in the taxonomy...

The aim of the diploma thesis is the analysis and comparison of the elementary legal instruments of territorial nature protection in the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. This diploma thesis is divided into 8 chapters including the introduction and the conclusion. The second and the third chapter deal with the most important sources of legal regulation of the territorial nature protection in both international law and law of the European Union and emphasises their influence on the creation of legal regulations of national law. The fourth chapter is concerned with the historical development of the territorial nature protection in both countries in question and focuses mainly on the development of legal regulations since the 30's. The fifth chapter provides an elementary overview of the legal sources of the territorial nature protection in national law. The sixth and the seventh chapter deal with general and special nature protection respectively and provide comparison of the respective legal institutes. The conclusion is concerned with the comparison and the evaluation of common and different features of Czech and German legal regulations and provides proposals for constituent changes of the provisions in question.

Les enfants constituent un groupe vulnérable de la société et à ce titre ils nécessitent une protection spécifique, en particulier en temps de conflits armés où leurs droits peuvent être violés, qu'ils appartiennent à la population civile ou qu’ils soient impliqués militairement dans des conflits. Cette protection relève d’une problématique récente et qui demeure plus que jamais actuelle. Elle pose la question de savoir quel est le but de la spécificité annoncée dans la mesure où existe déjà une protection générale des civils. Faut-il entendre alors que cette dernière est insuffisante à protéger les enfants dans les situations de guerre ? Également, la protection tant générale que spécifique appliquée aux enfants, varie-t-elle selon que le conflit armé est de type international ou non-international ? L’ensemble de ces questions fera l’objet de la première partie de la thèse, intitulée : « La protection des enfants civils en temps de conflits armés ». La seconde partie de la thèse portant sur « La protection des enfants soldats en temps de conflits armés » se penche sur les conséquences juridiques de la participation des enfants à des hostilités. Et, dans ce cadre, savoir si ces enfants capturés par l’ennemi obtiendront le statut de prisonnier de guerre et s’ils seront poursuivis pénalement en cas de commission de crimes de guerre. L’autre question soulevée dans cette partie est celle de la responsabilité de l’État, du groupe, de l’individu, qui recrute des enfants aux fins de les utiliser dans des conflits armés, en dépit de leur engagement à ne pas le faire. Le cas de la Libye apparaît ici le plus indiqué ; en effet, le pays a traité de ces questions dans sa législation qui présente cependant des failles que nous mettons en exergue, d’autant que dans cet État a éclaté en février 2011 une guerre où sont recrutés et utilisés des enfants. / The protection of children during armed conflict - Comparative study between international law and Libyan lawChildren are a vulnerable group in society and as such they require special protection, especially in times of armed conflict where their rights may be violated, whether they belong to the civilian population or they are militarily involved in armed conflict. This protection is a recent problem and remains more than ever current. It raises the question of what is the purpose of the specificity announced to the extent that there is already a general protection of civilians. Must we then understand that the latter is insufficient to protect children in war situations? Also, does the general as well as the specific protection applied to children vary according to whether the armed conflict is international or non-international? All of these questions will be the subject of the first part of the thesis entitled: « The protection of civilian children in times of armed conflict ».The second part of the thesis on « The protection of child soldiers in times of armed conflict » examines the legal consequences of the participation of children in hostilities. And in this context, whether these children captured by the enemy will get the status of prisoner of war and whether they will be criminally prosecuted in case of commission of war crimes. The other issue raised in this section is the responsibility of the State, the group, the individual, who recruits children for use in armed conflict, despite their commitment not to do so. . The case of Libya appears here the most indicated; indeed, the country has dealt with these issues in its legislation which however presents flaws that we highlight, especially since in that state broke out in February 2011 a war where are recruited and used children.