The study was designed to test the genetic theory of soil development of two soils derived from different geological material, but developed under conditions of similar climate , topography, biological activity, and age. An attempt wa s made to relate the soils charac teristics to their present classification . Parleys and Mendon series which developed from Bonneville and Salt Lake Formation , respectively, were selected for that purpose. Along the east side of Cache Valley, two pedons representing each of the studied series were sel ected to have si~ilar soil formers except for their parent material. Evidently, the se studied soils have been developed from di.ff erent heterogenous sediments . Mendon soils have been developed from Salt Lake Formation to at l east 51 em depth, ~vhereas, the solum horizons are a tt ributed to the Bonneville Formation. The Parleys soil seems to be n.J ·inJy Jevel(,)ped from Bonneville Formation. But the upper solum horizons are rrobably inte rlaye red with fine deposits of Holocene age . Those soils which de rived from differe nt geologica] dcposi ts sl!mv .J high degree of similarity between them. Heterogenlty and the nature of the soil parent mat e rial, and similarity of their climatic and developmental conditions are believed to be the major causes to inhibit many genetic variables between them. In Northern Utah, the Mendon soils are classified as Calcic Pachic Argixerolls , at the subgroup level. This study has shown that most of the Mendon pedons do not have a Pachic epipedon. Therefore , these s tudi ed soil s could he gr ouped toge ther in one subgroup. The result is Calcic Argixerolls in fine-silty, mixed, mesic family. Re-examining Mendon series in Cache Valley and reclassifying them on the basis of Pachic epipedon would be an interesting Subject for further study.

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Education. / This thesis reports an investigation into children's understanding of learning, as they engage with an e-Iearning design challenge. It begins by making a case that children's views of learning are of crucial significance, not only because of their position as pre-eminent learners in families and societies, but also because their learning is at the heart of our culture's aspirations for education. Then, it examines a selection of prior studies of learning in e-design contexts in order to gauge the advantages of seeking the views of children about learning in an e-design context. This consideration revealed the technological and educational potential of e-design, suggesting that such a context would be opportune here. Fortuitously, a large, ARC-funded Linkage Project (GENESIS - Generating e-Iearning Systems in Schools) provided just such an e-design context. In this project, researchers were keen to investigate whether the slowness of schools in appropriating e-Iearning might be offset when students have a sustained opportunity to conceive, design and, as far as possible, build an e-Iearning environment in which they and other students could explore questions they were passionately curious about. As a case study within the GENESIS Project, this study followed Papert's (1973) five-step process of educational research. First, a theory of education (a biologically based generative theory) was selected. Next, the ensuing set of conditions for the intellectual growth of children (the e-Iearning design challenge itself) was laid out. These conditions were then implemented within the context of The GENESIS Project: the children were equipped with the opportunity and resources to design an e-Iearning environment to explore a science-and technology topic of their choice (How and why do we think? How come we're not born with the knowledge we know now?). Of the large set of project data, six accounts were selected as representative of the diversity and commonality of children's learning and their understanding of learning in this study. Findings revealed that these children understand learning as generating, testing and thereby modifying ideas, they appreciate that these events are influenced by each learner's values and they recognise value in undertaking this knowledge gaining activity as part of a learning community. Furthermore, these children explicitly enact opportune learning experiences, particularly technologically, demonstrating their fluency as technological thinkers, capable of having technological ideas about learning.

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Zugl.: Münster (Westfalen), Universiẗat, Diss., 2006. / Literaturverz. S. 237-246.

No description available.

Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. Th. (Old Testament)

abstract: The present work covers two distinct microanalytical studies that address issues in planetary materials: (1) Genesis Na and K solar wind (SW) measurements, and (2) the effect of water on high-pressure olivine phase transformations. NASA’s Genesis mission collected SW samples for terrestrial analysis to create a baseline of solar chemical abundances based on direct measurement of solar material. Traditionally, solar abundances are estimated using spectroscopic or meteoritic data. This study measured bulk SW Na and K in two different Genesis SW collector materials (diamond-like carbon (DlC) and silicon) for comparison with these other solar references. Novel techniques were developed for Genesis DlC analysis. Solar wind Na fluence measurements derived from backside depth profiling are generally lower in DlC than Si, despite the use of internal standards. Nevertheless, relative to Mg, the average SW Na and K abundances measured in Genesis wafers are in agreement with solar photospheric and CI chondrite abundances, and with other SW elements with low first ionization potential (within error). The average Genesis SW Na and K fluences are 1.01e11 (+9e09, -2e10) atoms/cm2 and 5.1e09 (+8e08, -8e08) atoms/cm2, respectively. The errors reflect average systematic errors. Results have implications for (1) SW formation models, (2) cosmochemistry based on solar material rather than photospheric measurements or meteorites, and (3) the accurate measurement of solar wind ion abundances in Genesis collectors, particularly DlC and Si. Deep focus earthquakes have been attributed to rapid transformation of metastable olivine within the mantle transition zone (MTZ). However, the presence of H2O acts to overcome metastability, promoting phase transformation in olivine, so olivine must be relatively anhydrous (<75 ppmw) to remain metastable to depth. A microtextural analysis of olivine phase transformation products was conducted to test the feasibility for subducting olivine to persist metastably to the MTZ. Transformation (as intracrystalline or rim nucleation) shifts from ringwoodite to ringwoodite-wadsleyite nucleation with decreasing H2O content within olivine grains. To provide accurate predictions for olivine metastability at depth, olivine transformation models must reflect how changing H2O distributions lead to complex changes in strain and reaction rates within different parts of a transforming olivine grain. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Geological Sciences 2015

Considerando a importância de cupins como agentes da formação e funcionamento do solo, foram estudados a morfologia, granulometria e alguns parâmetros químicos do solo de um ninho de cupins do gênero Conitermes e de suas adjacências, para identificar e discutir as ações destes animais sobre as suas características e propriedades, principalmente acões sobre a morfologia e a química do perfil. O estudo foi feito por meio de perfis de solo que passaram pelo monte externo de um cupinzeiro e adjacências. Nos perfis foram identificados e descritos os horizontes e suas transições, as propriedades do solo e as organizações (feições de origem biológica) ali existentes, como: canais, câmaras e microagregados A descrição morfológica contemplou os aspectos de cor, textura, macroestrutura e consistência do solo. A descrição química incluiu as determinações do pH, matéria orgânica, alumínio e cátions trocáveis (cálcio, magnésio, potássio e sódio). E a análise granulométrica contemplou as frações argila, silte e areia. Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças químicas apreciáveis entre o solo do monte do ninho e solo do entorno, principalmente para os seguintes atributos: conteúdo de matéria orgânica, concentração de alumínio e concentração de cátios trocáveis, principalemente o magnésio e o potássio. Foram encontradas uma série de feições, principalmente câmaras e canais verticais preenchidos, que demonstraram o trabalho realizado pelos cupins no perfil decorrentes dos hábitos construtores. Tais feições comprovaram que os cupins têm importante papel na pedoplasmação da alterita da rocha e na formação de domínios microagregados. / Considering the importance of termites as agents of the formation and functioning of the soil, were studied the morphology, particle size and some soil chemical parameters of a soil nest of termites of the genus Conitermes and its around, to identify and discuss the actions of these animals on their properties, mainly actions on the chemistry and morphology of the profile. The study was done through profiles of soil that passed through the hill of termites nest and around. In profiles were identified and described horizons and their transitions, the properties of the soil and organizations (features of biological origin) there, like: channels, chambers, and microgranular structure. The morphological description included the aspects of color, texture, structure and consistency of the soil. The chemical description included determinations of pH, organic matter, aluminum and cátions (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) and the particle size analysis included the clay, silte and sand. The results showed chemicals appreciable differences between the soil of the hill nest and the surrounding soil, mainly for the following attributes: content of organic matter, aluminum concentration and concentration of cátions, mainly the magnesium and potassium. Was found a series of biological features, mainly filled chambers and vertical channels, which showed the work done by termites in the profile derived from the habits builders. Such features shown that termites have important role in pedoplasmation of saprolite zone and important role in the formation of microgranular structure.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Agronomy / Michel D. Ransom / Upland soils in east central Kansas have a complex genesis, often contain one or more paleosols, and form in multiple parent materials including loess, colluvium, residuum, and alluvium. Quaternary loess/paleosol investigations have largely ignored this region of Kansas, as the total loess thickness on uplands is <2 m thick. In this study, the objectives are to examine the morphology and genesis of the soils of interest and how these characteristics vary within soil profiles, across landscapes, and throughout the current series mapping extent. The series of interest include the Irwin, Konza, Dwight, and Ladysmith soil series. Methods used in this study include field descriptions and sampling, terrain analysis, micromorphological investigations, and laboratory characterization, including silt and clay mineralogy. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was used for numerical dating and determination of stable carbon isotope values (δ13C) for selected paleosols. Radiocarbon ages ranged from 24,000 to 19,000 yr BP and δ13C values were between -19 and -17 ‰ (PDB), indicating that the paleosols were formed in Gilman Canyon loess or the Severance formation, under a mix of C3 and C4 vegetation. Terrain analysis results illustrated that, in given drainage areas, the soil series were mapped on a wide range of slope positions. Field observations and terrain analysis confirmed no relationships between mollic epipedon thickness, solum thickness, paleosol thickness, or depth to the paleosol with respect to landform. Micromorphological investigations revealed increasing soil development with depth, i.e., the presence of two paleosols beneath the modern soil. Mean particle size and mineralogy vary geographically within individual series. Pedogenic carbonate accumulations and redoximorphic concentrations are common features of the soils of interest, and less common features include sodium and gypsum accumulations, slickensides, and redoximorphic depletions. Results from this study will be provided to the USDA-NRCS for use in future soil survey updates, and will contribute to Quaternary loess/paleosol knowledge in Kansas and the Great Plains.

Blockchain's use in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) research demonstrates that the technology provides useful attributes to allow for the safe and secure operation of VANET applications. The growth of blockchain applications pose a threat to the efficient operation of the MANET-like environment found within VANETs. Floating Genesis Blocks (FGB) can be used to preserve the state of the blockchain up to a certain point, and allows for the safe pruning of the chain without information loss. The early work presented here demonstrates two pruning techniques and compares the effects of each blockchain through simulation measurement of the chain's space requirements. A discussion on the results and recommendations for future work conclude the author's work.