Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2002 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traditionally, Gen 1-3 has been interpreted as a text that supports male superiority and female inferiority as the will of God. This dissertation aims to establish a more constructive interpretation one that is more responsible and accountable to the readers of the Korean Presbyterian Church in particular. Consequently, I have dealt with various interpretations ofGen 1-3 from male and female perspectives. Because the mam Korean religions of pre-Christianity (Shamanism, Buddhism and Confucianism) have been identified as possible major influential elements that would have had an impact on Korean male centred interpretations of Gen 1-3, this study begins by analysing Korean worldviews and their influence on the formation of the theological tradition in the KPc. These elements are then investigated in terms of the significant impact they had upon the interpretation of Gen 1-3 in the KPC and this demonstrates how an individual view of the Scriptures could bring about different results within the KPC itself. An alternative interpretation of Gen 1-3 from a feminist perspective is discussed as part of the solution to promote justice for female readers. Although feminist readings would reduce the oppression of female readers, we analyse how another possibility of oppression, directly opposed to female oppression, could arise. To avoid another biased interpretation of Gen 1-3 ant to establish an interpretation of Gen 1-3 that is more ethically accountable to both genders, an attempt is made to read the text by means of a method that has an interdisciplinary nature in terms of dealing with the text. The socio-rhetorical criticism of Vernon Robbins is chosen and inner, and inter-, ideological and theological textures of Gen 1 are identified. Although the Creation texts exhibit their cultural connection, a socio-rhetorical reading of Gen 1 is not concerned with a specific order for man and woman in God's creation. Therefore, a sexual distinction based on some ethical status or role is not found. Instead, Gen 1 describes not only the relationship between God and human beings, but also the relationship of human beings to the other orders of creation. The concept of the divine image applied in the biological terms, male and female offers no theological indication for the present social consequences. Rather it invites us to open ourselves to possible new meanings beyond any cultural boundaries. Gen 1 within the present context challenges the interpreter as well as the reader to selfcritical activity in reading or interpreting the text in his/her own context. This is so because Scripture has allowed diversity, and the text of Gen 1 created a new meaning for the readers of the exilic society as Gen 2-3 did for the readers of the original cultures reflected in the Scriptures. Therefore, the KPC also needs to be challenged to look at the relationship of male and female anew and to be invited to be a partner in restoring the lost half of the dignity of the image of God for humanity. If exile for the Jewish people signified a calling into question of their secure centres of meaning as the people of God, our traditional Christian way of viewing the nature of God and of humankind should equally be called into question in our present context. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Genesis 1 is tradisioneel geinterpreteer as 'n teks wat die meerderwaardigheid van mans en die rninderwaardigheid van vroue ondersteun as die wil van God. Hierdie proefskrif het ten doel om 'n meer konstruktiewe interpretasie daar te stel. 'n Interpretasie wat meer verantwoordelik en verantwoordbaar teenoor die lesers is, veral binne die Koreaanse Presbiteriaanse Kerk (KPK). Gevolglik het ek aandag gegee aan verkeie interpretasies van Genesis 1-3. Interpretasies vanuit manlike sowel as vroulike perspektiewe. Aangesien die belangrikste Koreaanse religiee van die pre-Christen tydperk (Sjamanisme, Boeddhisme, Confucianisme) geidentifiseer is as moontlik belangrike, invloederyke elemente wat 'n invloed gehad het op die manlik gesentreerde interpretasie van Genesis 1-3, begin hierdie studie met die analisering van Koreaanse wereldbeelde en die invloed daarvan op die formasie van die teologiese tradisie binne die KPK. Hierdie elemente word dan ondersoek in terme van die belangrike impak wat dit gehad het op die interpretasie van Genesis 1-3 binne de KPK en dit demonstreer hoe 'n individuele beskouing van die Skrif verskillende resultate binne die KPK self teweeg kan bring. 'n Alternatiewe interpretasie van Genesis 1-3, vanuit 'n ferninistiese perspektief, word bespreek as deel van die oplossing om geregtigheid vir vroue lesers te bevorder. Hoewel 'n feministiese lees die onderdrukking van vroue lesers sal verrninder, word ook· geanaliseer hoe 'n ander moontlikheid van onderdrukking, direk gekant teen die vroulike onderdrukking, kan ontstaan. Ten einde nog 'n bevooroordeelde interpretasie van Genesis 1-3 te vermy en om 'n interpretasie daar te stel wat meer eties verantwoordbaar is vir beide geslagte, word 'n poging aangewend om die teks te lees by wyse van 'n metode wat inter-dissipliner van aard is in die interpretasie van die teks. Die sosio-retoriese kritiek van Vernon Robbins word gekies en 'n intra-, inter-, ideologiese en teologiese tekstuur van Genesis 1 word gerdentifiseer. Hoewel die skeppingstekste hulle kulturele verbintenis ten toon stel, setel die belang van 'n sosio-retoriese lees van Gen 1 nie by 'n bepaalde orde vir man en vrou in God se skepping. Om hierdie rede word 'n geslagtelike onderskeid, gebasseer op etiese status of rol, nie in die teks gevind nie. Eerder, Genesis 1 beskryf nie net die verhouding tussen God en mense nie, maar ook die verhouding van menslike wesens tot die ander ordes van die skepping. Die konsep van die goddelike beeld, toegepas in biologiese terme, bied manlik en vroulik geen teologiese aanduiding vir die huidige sosiale gevolge nie. Eerder, dit nooi ons uit om onsself te open vir moontlike, nuwe betekenisse, wat verby enige kulturele betekenisse strek. Binne die eietydse konteks daag Genesis 1 die interpreteerder sowel as die leser uit tot selfkritiese aktiwiteit in die lees of interpretasie van die teks binne sy / haar eie konteks. Dit is so weens die feit dat die Skrif ruimte laat vir diversiteit en weens die feit dat Genesis 1 nuwe betekenis geskep het vir die lesers binne die eksiliese gemeenskap, soos wat Genesis 2-3 gedoen het vir lesers van die oorspronklike kulture soos gereflekteer in die geskrifte. Om hierdie rede behoort die KPK ook uitgedaag te word om opnuut ondersoek in te stel na die verhouding tussen man en vrou en om uitgenooi te word as vennoot in die proses om die verlore helfte van die waardigheid van die beeld van God vir die mensdom te herstel. Indien die ballingskap vir die Joodse volk dui op 'n bevraagtekening van hulle veilige sentrums van betekenis as die yolk van God, behoort ons tradisionele Christelike beskouing van die aard van God en van die mensdom op soortgelyke wyse bevraagteken te word binne ons eietydse konteks.

Ce travail de didactique des mathématiques s'appuie sur le cadre de la Théorie des Situations Didactiques et s'intéresse à l'action conjointe des professeurs et des élèves dans un environnement numérique et à la dynamique que cette action conjointe engage. Il s'appuie aussi sur le cadre théorique de l'approche documentaire, qui complète et prolonge le cadre de l'approche instrumentale : les artefacts numériques présents dans cet environnement sont ainsi considérés comme des éléments du système documentaire des professeurs et des élèves. Considérant l'intégration de ces artefacts dans la classe ordinaire de mathématiques, nous mettons en évidence l'importance de moments particuliers, que nous nommons incidents didactiques, qui engagent des perturbations modifiant la dynamique de la classe. En développant cette notion d'incident didactique, nous construisons un cadre d'analyse permettant de mettre en évidence des phénomènes de genèse documentaire des enseignants et des élèves et d'en suivre les effets, à court ou à long terme, sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage des mathématiques. Nous montrons que les incidents didactiques peuvent être, sous certaines conditions, des occasions de réorganisation locale et globale des connaissances pour le professeur dans le cadre de son enseignement ou pour l'élève dans son apprentissage des mathématiques / This work of mathematics education based on the framework of the theory of didactic situations, focuses on the joint action of teachers and students in a digital environment. We give an important place to the theoretical framework of documentary genesis, which complements and extends the scope of the instrumental genesis and considers artifacts as well as elements of the digital library system for teachers and students. In the general context of the use of technology in the regular classroom of mathematics, we seek to understand how the incidents are indicative of perturbations that change the dynamic of the class. In developing this notion of didactical incident, we build a framework to highlight the phenomena of documentational genesis of teachers and students and to monitor the short or long term eects on mathematics teaching and learning. We show that the didactical incidents, under certain conditions, oer opportunities for restructuring local and global knowledge for the teacher as part of his teaching or the student's learning of mathematics

Os solos têm um importante papel na maioria das atividades que ocorrem no planeta, dentre as quais, destaca-se a sua participação nos principais ciclos biogeoquímicos. A matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) tem um papel primordial na sustentabilidade ambiental, pois está relacionada com a ciclagem de carbono e nutrientes, sendo assim uma figura chave tanto para estudos relacionados com mudanças climáticas globais, quanto para estudos agronômicos. Um dos principais fluoróforos da MOS são as substâncias húmicas (SH), as quais são fracionadas de acordo com a sua solubilidade em ácidos húmicos (AH), ácidos fúlvicos (FA) e humina (HU). O estudo das propriedades ópticas da matéria orgânica é uma importante ferramenta para a compreensão estrutural e molecular das frações húmicas. Frente ao exposto, esse trabalho teve com objetivo estudar a gêneses de Espodossolos Amazônicos através da avaliação das características estruturais da matéria orgânica e suas propriedades de complexação com metais empregando diversas técnicas espectroscópicas. Os resultados mostraram grandes acúmulos de carbono em profundidade e que a Matéria Orgânica nesses Espodossolos Amazônico é constituída de quatro grupos: - mais recalcitrante, humificada e antiga; - lábil e jovem; - recalcitrante, pouco humificada e antiga; - humificada e jovem. Claramente o trabalho mostrou que o processo de humificação não tem relação direta com a datação do material orgânico, e que fatores como textura, presença de água e microorganismos influenciaram nos processos de formação e humificação desse material orgânico. Por fim, a fração AF do solo parece ter uma contribuição oriunda de lençóis freáticos, sua estrutura química varia pouco no perfil e possui seletividade na interação com os metais presentes nesses solos. Basicamente, o AF tem alta afinidade de complexação com Al. A fração AH, entretanto, mostrou-se menos seletiva, associando-se com vários tipos de metais, como K, Fe, Mg, Zn e Al; e sua estrutura química varia bastante no perfil do solo. Em função da diversidade de metais associados ao AH, ele deve ser o principal responsável pela fertilidade do solo. Desta forma, os resultados mostraram que as três frações húmicas estão envolvidas no processo de podzolização do solo, e que o AF tem papel predominante no transporte de Al e o AH é o responsável no transporte do Fe. / Soils play an important role in most of the activities that occur on the planet. It participation in the main biogeochemical cycles can be highlighted. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a key role in environmental sustainability, since it is related to carbon and nutrient cycling, being essential for studies related to global climate change and agronomy. One of the major SOM fluorophore is the humic substances (HS), which is fractionated according to their solubility in humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and humin (HU). The study of the optical properties of the organic matter is an important tool for structural and molecular understanding of humic fractions. Based on that, this work aimed the study of the Amazonian Spodosols genesis through the evaluation of organic matter structural characteristics and its properties of metal complexation using different spectroscopic techniques. The main results of this research showed large carbon accumulations in depth. Furthermore, it was possible to infer how the Amazonian Spodosols organic matter is divided: - more recalcitrant, humified and old; - labile and young; - recalcitrant, little humified and old; - humified and young. The study demonstrated clearly that the humification process has no direct relationship with the organic material dating, and that factors such as texture, presence of water and microorganisms have influenced the formation and humification of that organic material. The FA fraction of the soil has a contribution from groundwater and its chemical structure varies little in depth. Additionally, FA showed selective interaction with soil metals. However, the HA fraction has been shown less selective, associate with various metal types, such as K, Fe, Mg, Zn and Al. Moreover, its chemical structure varies greatly in the soil depth. Due to the diversity of metals that the HA has affinity, it should be the main responsible of the soil fertility. After all, the results showed that all the three humic fractions are involved in the process of soil podzolization. Furthermore, the FA has a predominant role in Al transport as the HA is the responsable of Fe transport.

Os solos têm um importante papel na maioria das atividades que ocorrem no planeta, dentre as quais, destaca-se a sua participação nos principais ciclos biogeoquímicos. A matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) tem um papel primordial na sustentabilidade ambiental, pois está relacionada com a ciclagem de carbono e nutrientes, sendo assim uma figura chave tanto para estudos relacionados com mudanças climáticas globais, quanto para estudos agronômicos. Um dos principais fluoróforos da MOS são as substâncias húmicas (SH), as quais são fracionadas de acordo com a sua solubilidade em ácidos húmicos (AH), ácidos fúlvicos (FA) e humina (HU). O estudo das propriedades ópticas da matéria orgânica é uma importante ferramenta para a compreensão estrutural e molecular das frações húmicas. Frente ao exposto, esse trabalho teve com objetivo estudar a gêneses de Espodossolos Amazônicos através da avaliação das características estruturais da matéria orgânica e suas propriedades de complexação com metais empregando diversas técnicas espectroscópicas. Os resultados mostraram grandes acúmulos de carbono em profundidade e que a Matéria Orgânica nesses Espodossolos Amazônico é constituída de quatro grupos: - mais recalcitrante, humificada e antiga; - lábil e jovem; - recalcitrante, pouco humificada e antiga; - humificada e jovem. Claramente o trabalho mostrou que o processo de humificação não tem relação direta com a datação do material orgânico, e que fatores como textura, presença de água e microorganismos influenciaram nos processos de formação e humificação desse material orgânico. Por fim, a fração AF do solo parece ter uma contribuição oriunda de lençóis freáticos, sua estrutura química varia pouco no perfil e possui seletividade na interação com os metais presentes nesses solos. Basicamente, o AF tem alta afinidade de complexação com Al. A fração AH, entretanto, mostrou-se menos seletiva, associando-se com vários tipos de metais, como K, Fe, Mg, Zn e Al; e sua estrutura química varia bastante no perfil do solo. Em função da diversidade de metais associados ao AH, ele deve ser o principal responsável pela fertilidade do solo. Desta forma, os resultados mostraram que as três frações húmicas estão envolvidas no processo de podzolização do solo, e que o AF tem papel predominante no transporte de Al e o AH é o responsável no transporte do Fe. / Soils play an important role in most of the activities that occur on the planet. It participation in the main biogeochemical cycles can be highlighted. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a key role in environmental sustainability, since it is related to carbon and nutrient cycling, being essential for studies related to global climate change and agronomy. One of the major SOM fluorophore is the humic substances (HS), which is fractionated according to their solubility in humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and humin (HU). The study of the optical properties of the organic matter is an important tool for structural and molecular understanding of humic fractions. Based on that, this work aimed the study of the Amazonian Spodosols genesis through the evaluation of organic matter structural characteristics and its properties of metal complexation using different spectroscopic techniques. The main results of this research showed large carbon accumulations in depth. Furthermore, it was possible to infer how the Amazonian Spodosols organic matter is divided: - more recalcitrant, humified and old; - labile and young; - recalcitrant, little humified and old; - humified and young. The study demonstrated clearly that the humification process has no direct relationship with the organic material dating, and that factors such as texture, presence of water and microorganisms have influenced the formation and humification of that organic material. The FA fraction of the soil has a contribution from groundwater and its chemical structure varies little in depth. Additionally, FA showed selective interaction with soil metals. However, the HA fraction has been shown less selective, associate with various metal types, such as K, Fe, Mg, Zn and Al. Moreover, its chemical structure varies greatly in the soil depth. Due to the diversity of metals that the HA has affinity, it should be the main responsible of the soil fertility. After all, the results showed that all the three humic fractions are involved in the process of soil podzolization. Furthermore, the FA has a predominant role in Al transport as the HA is the responsable of Fe transport.

This work concerns the shifts in the perception of the figure of Melchizedek in the Old Testament, Intertestamental sources and the New Testament. It explicates three central biblical texts which are speaking about Melchizedek. These texts are: the book of Genesis 14, Psalm 110 and the Epistle to the Hebrews. The work also aims to notice perceiving Melchizedek{\crq}s figure in non-biblical sources, like Qumran texts, Targums, apocryphs or the testimonies of church fathers. The findings coming from these sources are compared together in the conclusion of the work. Each of traditions is different, so we can not make unambiguous conclusion about figure of Melchizedek. Some non-biblical Melchizedekian traditions still continue, some others have disappeared entirely.

The theory and method I use in this essay is literary and feministic text critique, to discover the story of Genesis 16 anew. Earlier research in this field has studied Genesis within traditional exegesis since the 19th century and within feministic exegesis since the 1960s. This essay has three main parts. First, a theoretical description of my assignment, followed by analysis and summaries of these. Second, a discussion of this work and final conclusions. In my study, the analysis sheds light on the literary character of Hagar in several ways, both in traditional and feministic exegesis. The traditional biblical study has given a solid ground in the reading of Genesis 16 and the feministic exegesis has given a clear perspective on Hagar as a woman in a patriarchal environment and interpretative tradition. Together they have given a rich telling on the literary character of Hagar. In this essay I make a study of Genesis 16, with a focus on the literary character of Hagar. My point of departure is a sense of lacking the experience of Hagar in the book of Genesis, wondering if a feminist exegesis could give something new in this research. In order to discover eventual differences, I perform a traditional exegesis of Genesis 16, and then compare it with a feminist exegesis. Another question in my research is that of interreligious perspectives of today's society. From this point of view Hagar is a relevant character for both Muslims, Jews and Christians. / I den här uppsatsen gör jag en bibelvetenskaplig analys av Genesis 16, med fokus på den litterära karaktären Hagar ur ett feministiskt perspektiv. Min utgångspunkt var att jag saknade fokus på Hagars erfarenheter i Genesis och undrade om en feministisk exegetik kunde tillföra något nytt i forskningen. För att se på eventuella skillnader utförde jag en traditionell texttolkning av Genesis 16, för att sedan göra en jämförande feministisk texttolkning. En underfråga i min forskning är om den feministiska analysen har något att tillföra interreligiösa frågor idag. Detta utifrån att Hagar är en relevant karaktär för både muslimer, judar och kristna. Den teori och metod jag använder här är litterär och feministisk textkritik, för att upptäcka Genesis 16 på nytt genom dessa analyser av den. Tidigare forskning på området har studerat Genesis inom traditionell exegetik sedan 1800-talet och inom modern feministisk exegetik sedan 1960-talet. Uppsatsen disposition har i huvudsak tre delar. Först ges en inledande teoretisk del där jag förklarar vad jag ska göra och hur, därefter analyser med synteser med efterföljande diskussion av de slutsatser jag kommit fram till. I min studie har analyserna belyst Hagars litterära karaktär på en mängd sätt. Detta gäller både den traditionella och den feministiska exegetiken. Den traditionella bibelvetenskapen har gett en solid grund i analysen av Genesis 16 och den feministiska exegetiken har byggt på denna med emfas på Hagar som kvinna i en patriarkal miljö och tolkningstradition. Tillsammans har en rik berättelse om Hagar framträtt. Hennes karaktär ges mycket utrymme i en närläsning av Genesis 16, likväl som Sarajs. Föräldrar och förfäder är i centrum, inte enbart patriarkerna. Välsignelser och lidande är en del av både männens och kvinnornas liv. Gud hör och ser det som människor upplever och öknen är en plats där människor kan få en erfarenhet av denna relation. / <p>Interreligiösa frågor tas inte upp som kan förväntas av rubriken samt enligt underfråga till frågeställning. Eventuellt skulle mer litteratur ha bidragit till undersökningen.</p>

Director Anno Hideaki's series Neon Genesis Evangelion caused a sensation when it first aired on TV Tokyo in 1995 and has become one of the most influential anime ever made. Since its premiere, fans across the globe have debated the possible interpretations of the complex plot, but little has been said about how composer Sagisu Shiro's score might contribute to understanding the series. Anno's rehabilitation in a Jungian clinic and subsequent personal study of human psychology plays heavily into understanding the main character Ikari Shinji, and music has much to contribute to appreciating Shinji's view of the world. Shinji is an impressionable fourteen-year old boy, so his musical interpretations of the people and things around him do not always match reality. Sagisu's music gives the viewers welcome insight into Shinji's thoughts and feelings as he matures throughout the series.

No description available.

Garden of Eden imagery is ubiquitous in contemporary print advertising in North America, especially in advertisements directed at women. Three telling characteristics emerge in characterizations of Eve in these advertising reconstructions. In the first place, Eve is consistently hypersexualized and over-eroticized. Secondly, such Garden of Eden images often conflate the Eve figure with that of the Serpent. Thirdly, the highly eroticized Eve-Serpent figures also commonly suffer further conflation with the Garden of Eden itself. Like Eve, nature becomes eroticized. In the Eve-Serpent-Eden conflation, woman becomes nature, nature becomes woman, and both perform a single narrative plot function, in tandem with the Serpent. The erotic and tempting Eve-Serpent-Eden character is both protagonist and antagonist, seducer and seduced. In this dissertation, I engage in an ecofeminist narratological analysis of the Genesis/Fall myth, as it is retold in contemporary fashion magazine advertisements. My analysis examines how reconstructions of this myth in advertisements construct the reader, the narrator, and the primary characters of the story (Eve, Adam, the Serpent, and Eden). I then further explore the ways in which these characterizations inform our perceptions of woman, nature, and environmentalism. Using a narratological methodology, and through a poststructuralist ecofeminist lens, I examine which plot and character elements have been kept, which have been discarded, and how certain erasures impact the narrative characterizations of the story. In addition to what is being told, I further analyze how and where it is told. How is the basic plot being storied in these reconstructions, and what are the effects of this version on the archetypal characterizations of Eve and the Garden of Eden? What are the cultural and literary contexts of the reconstructed narrative and the characters within it? How do these contexts inform how we read the characters within the story? Finally, I examine the cultural effects of these narrative reconstructions, exploring their influence on our gendered relationships with each other and with the natural world around us.

This dissertation focuses on how the theme of the image of God (Gen 1 :26-27) is seen and developed in the Pentateuch. The image of God in man (Gen 1 :26-27) has been interpreted in various ways. Predominant opinions have changed over time from the Early Jewish interpretation to the present period. Today there is a wider range of opinion regarding the image of God than ever. This dissertation follows a biblical-theological approach from a Reformed tradition of Genesis 1 :26-27, thus starting with an examination of 1 :26-27 in the context of Genesis 1 where the key words, pronouns and the Ancient Near Eastern concept of the image of God are examined. Genesis 1 :26-27 is examined in the context of Genesis 2-11 and we discover that the image of God in Genesis 1:26-27 is both moral and relational in perspective: it involves moral likeness to God and a relationship between God and man like that between parent and child. The theme of the image of God is traced in both narrative and legal material of the law; certain features of the law suggest that defining God-likeness is at least one goal of the law. Some laws are based on moral God-likeness and others are not based on inherent morality. but on the relational aspect of sonship. The theme image of God is also seen in the New Testament, where Christ is the perfect expression of the image of God. He is the Son of God and morally, he is like the Father. Through his death on the cross, believers are individually adopted in God's family and they become his children. They are to be morally like him. Through sanctification, the Church is being renewed into the image of God. Believers are called to be like Christ. They are to imitate Christ's moral-likeness and submission to the Father. / Thesis (M.A. (Old Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.