Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [79]-87).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 25, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [115]-128).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2010.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 19, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-80).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversit, 2008. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

The advent of next generation sequencing technologies has had a major impact on inference methods for population genetics. For example, community ecology studies can now assess species interactions using population history parameters estimated from genomic scale data. Figs and their pollinating fig wasps are obligate mutualists thought to have coevolved for some 75 million years. This relationship, along with additional interactions with many species of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW), makes this system an excellent model for studying multi-trophic community interactions. A common way of investigating the population histories of a community's component species is to use genetic markers to estimate demographic parameters such as divergence times and effective population sizes. The extent to which histories are congruent gives insights into the way in which the community has assembled. Because of coalescent variance, using thousands of loci from the genomes of a small number of individuals gives more statistical power and more realistic estimates of population parameters than previous methods using just a handful of loci from many individuals. In this thesis, I use genomic data from eleven fig wasp species, which are associated with three fig species located along the east coast of Australia, to characterise community assembly in this system. The first results chapter describes the laboratory and bioinformatic protocols required to generate genomic data from individual wasps, and assesses the level of genetic variation present across populations using simple summaries. The second results chapter presents a detailed demographic analysis of the pollinating fig wasp, Pleistodontes nigriventris. The inferences were made using a likelihood modelling framework and the pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) method. The final results chapter characterises community assembly by assessing congruence between the population histories inferred for eight fig wasp species. The population histories were inferred using a new composite likelihood modelling framework. I conclude by discussing the implications of the results presented along with potential future directions for the research carried out in this thesis.

Orientador: Luciana Rossini Pinto / Coorientador: Marcos Guimarães de Andrade Landell / Banca: Ana Lilia Alzate Marin / Banca: Dilermando Perecin / Resumo: A cana-de-açúcar figura mundialmente como uma importante cultura econômica, com grande participação no suprimento da demanda global por energia e açúcar. Bancos ativos de germoplasma são repositórios in vivo de variabilidade genética para os programas de melhoramento, estando diretamente relacionados ao sucesso do programa. Para uma gestão adequada e eficiente do banco é necessário conhecer a magnitude e distribuição da variabilidade genética dentro e entre os grupos de acessos das respectivas espécies que o compõe bem como identificar os acessos duplicados ou erroneamente identificados. Marcadores moleculares microssatélites são adequados para tal finalidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a estrutura genética de um grupo de 593 genótipos, constituído por germoplasma básico e melhorado, disponíveis no banco de germoplasma do Programa Cana - IAC. Além disso, a magnitude da diferenciação genética entre as principais cultivares brasileiras e o germoplasma básico de cana-de-açúcar também foi investigada. Para tanto, 12 pares de primers SSR de alto poder discriminatório foram utilizados. A análise da estrutura genética separou os genótipos em dois grupos principais, um constituído por germoplasma básico e o outro por genótipos melhorados. A partição da variabilidade genética mostrou que 14,44% (P<0,001) da variabilidade total detectada pelos marcadores encontra-se entre estes dois grupos. Resultados semelhantes foram observados entre as principais cultiv... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sugarcane is a crop with worldwide economic importance due to its large participation in supplying the global demand for energy and sugar. Active germplasm banks are in vivo repositories of genetic variability for breeding programs, being directly related to their success. For its adequate management, a constant routine of surveillance and control over the accessions is required. Microsatellite (SSRs) molecular markers are suitable for this purpose. The present work aims to evaluate the genetic structure of a group of 593 individuals, composed by basic germplasm accessions and breeding genotypes, available within the germplasm bank of the Campinas Agronomic Institute (IAC) Sugarcane Genetic Breeding Program, based on these markers, with a focus on the comparison between the genetic diversity of Brazilian clones and cultivars (IAC, CTC, SP and RB) with accessions of diverse species, genera and exotic hybrids. In addition, the magnitude of the genetic differentiation between the main Brazilian cultivars and the basic sugarcane germplasm was also investigated. For this purpose, 12 pairs of SSR primers with high discriminatory power were used. The genetic variability present in the group is structured in a way where breeding materials differ from wild accessions, constituting two groups of individuals. Genetic variability among them is 14.44%, while 85.56% is present within them (P<0.001). Similar results were observed between the main Brazilian cultivars and the basic germplasm,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre