Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 48 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-42).

Thesis (doktorgrades)--Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [225-239) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Gfiessen, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [287]-303) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

The Amazon region is one of the richest areas on the planet in terms of its biodiversity and natural resources. The large scale harvesting of trees in this region is a relatively new activity, and it is uncertain whether the exploitation of timber species will result in depletion of forest genetic resources. To examine this, I have assessed levels of inbreeding, gene flow, and genetic diversity in populations of Amazonian forest trees undergoing logging. Because of their high variability within populations, microsatellite genetic markers were chosen for the study, and it was verified through an initial sampling experiment that this class of markers is sufficiently stable within somatic tissue of large and long-lived trees such that population studies could be undertaken with them. By sampling adult trees and seed progenies at several microsatellite loci, high levels of gene flow and low levels of inbreeding were found within populations of Sextonia rubra and Carapa guianensis, two important insect-pollinated Amazonian forest tree species. Comparing seed progeny collected before versus after selective logging of a population of Carapa guianensis, no measurable evidence was found that that the population genetic dynamics is impacted by logging. In particular, levels of inbreeding, gene flow, and population substructure were the same before and after logging. Comparing different populations distributed over the Amazon basin, a phylogeographical structure in the chloroplast DNA of Carapa guianensis that corresponds to major tributaries of the Amazon river was discovered, suggesting that seed dispersal through rivers may contribute to genetic connectivity among populations. Overall, the results of this thesis suggest that the large effective population sizes, the high levels of gene flow, and the low levels of inbreeding in exploited Amazonian tree populations may allow them to counteract potential negative genetic impacts of selective logging, at least at the levels of harvesting carried out during this study, and for the Carapa guianensis population investigated.

Univ., Diss.--Sydney. / Literaturverz. S. [237] - 268.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-05T14:00:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Danilo Conrado Silva - 2014.pdf: 948856 bytes, checksum: c2258c4cf3a73c2904f8aed0b9ca1db6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-06T10:50:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Danilo Conrado Silva - 2014.pdf: 948856 bytes, checksum: c2258c4cf3a73c2904f8aed0b9ca1db6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-06T10:50:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Danilo Conrado Silva - 2014.pdf: 948856 bytes, checksum: c2258c4cf3a73c2904f8aed0b9ca1db6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the Curraleiro horse, generating initial knowledge for the development of conservation programs and multiplication of these animals. Twenty interviews were conducted which were subsequently transcribed and analyzed using a set of quantitative and qualitative methods, according to the classic model of content analysis (Bardin, 2004). As a result of this analysis, five categories of responses emerged: 1) Identification and location of horses (21.9%), 2) characterization of horses (44.2%), 3) Historical aspects (23.5%), 4) conservation perspective (5.8%); 5 ) sanitary and productive aspects (4.6%). In category 1, stood out the name Curraleiro (20.2%), the establishment of a differentiated equine group (12.8%), and difficulty in finding these animals nowdays (14.7%). Whereas the frequencies of the category 2, the most important features for characterizing the Curraleiro horse are the size ranging from small to medium (20.9%), resistance (10.9%) and the small hoof (called ass’ hoof). In the category referred to historical Curraleiro horse aspects, revealed a large quantity of these horses in the past (10.3%) and the reduction of the effective over the years (13.7%), besides the main causes of this process extinction, which is the replacement of local breeds horses for officers (30.8%), and technological substitution (15.4%), mainly automobiles. With regard to discussions on the prospects for conservation, it was revealed that people who know the Curraleiro horse gave it a value for its importance in day-by-day work in the field, and were enthusiastic about the opportunity to retain this genetic resource (31.0%). Respondents also indicated locations and possible ways to implement conservation projects (31.0%). In category 5 the most frequent themes were the use of native pastures in the feeding of horses (34.8%) and possible resistance to Equine Infectious Anemia (30.4%). It was concluded that the local horse found in the State of Goiás was called Curraleiro in most interviews. Although scarce, it is possible find some individuals, group them according to common and specific characteristics, and differentiate them from equine breeds recognized in Brazil. The methodology of content analysis of the speech was effective to assist in the steps of identification and characterization of a potential animal genetic resource. / O presente estudo objetivou identificar e caracterizar o cavalo Curraleiro, gerando assim conhecimentos iniciais necessários à elaboração de programas de conservação e multiplicação destes animais no Estado de Goiás (GO). Foram realizadas 20 entrevistas, as quais posteriormente foram transcritas e analisadas por meio de um conjunto de metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas, conforme o modelo clássico de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2004). Como resultado desta análise, 5 categorias de respostas emergiram: 1) Identificação e localização dos equinos (21,9%); 2) Caracterização dos equinos (44,2%); 3) Aspectos históricos (23,5%); 4) Perspectivas de conservação (5,8%); 5) Aspectos sanitários e produtivos (4,6%). Na categoria 1 destacaram-se a denominação Curraleiro (20,2%), a constituição de um grupo equino diferenciado (12,8%), e a dificuldade de se encontrar esses animais nos dias atuais (14,7%). Considerando as frequências relativas à categoria 2, as características mais importantes para se caracterizar o cavalo Curraleiro são o porte que vai de pequeno a médio (20,9%), a resistência (10,9%) e os cascos característicos denominados “cascos de burro”. Na categoria que se refere aos aspectos históricos do cavalo Curraleiro, evidenciou-se a grande quantidade destes cavalos no passado (10,3%) e a diminuição do efetivo ao longo dos anos (13,7%), além das principais causas deste processo de extinção, que são: a substituição dos cavalos locais por raças oficiais (30,8%), e a substituição tecnológica (15,4%), principalmente por automóveis. Com relação às discussões sobre as perspectivas de conservação, fica claro que as pessoas que conhecem o cavalo Curraleiro lhe conferem um valor por sua importância no dia-a-dia de trabalho no campo, e se mostraram entusiasmadas com a possibilidade de conservar este recurso genético (31,0%). Os entrevistados inclusive indicaram locais e possíveis maneiras de se implementar projetos de conservação (31,0%). Na categoria 5 os temas mais frequentes foram a utilização de pastagens nativas na alimentação dos cavalos (34,8%) e a possível resistência à Anemia Infecciosa Equina (30,4%). Concluiu-se que o cavalo local encontrado no Estado de Goiás foi denominado Curraleiro, na maioria das entrevistas. Apesar de escassos, ainda é possível localizar alguns indivíduos, agrupá-los segundo características comuns e específicas, e diferenciá-los das raças equinas reconhecidas no Brasil. A metodologia de análise de conteúdo do discurso se mostrou eficaz como um método auxiliar nas etapas de identificação e caracterização de um potencial recurso genético animal.

No description available.

Les tubercules andins oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina), ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas) et mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pav.) sont des espèces tubéreuses cultivées originaires des régions hautes des Andes, où elles revêtent une importance particulière aux niveaux alimentaire, agronomique, culturel et économique. La diversité génétique au sein de ces espèces est très grande, mais est menacée d'érosion génétique. Dans ce contexte, notre étude s'est basée sur des échantillons de oca, ulluco et mashua, maintenus dans des système de conservation in situ et ex situ au Pérou et en Bolivie, dans l'objectif de contribuer à la conservation efficace (in situ et ex situ) de ces espèces négligées. Cette étude a combiné les connaissances autochtones andines, ainsi que des données agronomiques, morphologiques et moléculaires. Nous avons montré que l'agriculture andine conserve une grande diversité au niveau inter-spécifique, mais aussi au niveau intra-spécifique, en terme de nombre de variétés locales. Nous avons également mis en évidence de la présence de variétés hétérogènes, la congruence entre les données moléculaires et morphologiques, et une structure génétique influencée par la provenance géographique. Enfin, nous avons compilé l'ensemble de nos résultats dans un modèle récapitulatif. Nous avons montré l'importance des caractéristiques intrinsèques de l'espèce (mode de reproduction), ainsi que les spécificités du système agricole andin (socioculturels, économiques et environnementales). Cette étude a contribué de manière significative à la compréhension de la diversité génétique et de la structure des tubercules andins.