Five separate field experiments were conducted across different environmental locations in Texas for the purpose of quantifying concentrations of different phytochemical groups (ascorbic acid, capsaicinoids, and flavonoids) within various pepper species, as well as, to identify the most optimum environment to promote expression of the aforementioned phytochemical. Depending on the particular experiment, quantitative measurements were then used in more detail in one of three ways: for identification of the most superior individuals and optimum environmental locations to express elevated concentrations of a particular phytochemical (first three experiments), to calculate heritability and % heterosis estimates for various fruit characteristics and phytochemical levels (fourth experiment), or for use in a specific biotechnology technique to potentially identify a molecular marker linked to elevated levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and flavonoids (quercetin and luteolin) (fifth experiment). In the first experiment, significant differences in fruit weight, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) were revealed in fruit tissue of five Habanero (Capsicum chinense) hybrids in comparison to a popular, commercial check (Kukulkan F1) after being grown across three different environmental locations (College Station, Uvalde, and Weslaco). Fruit grown at the Weslaco location was found to be larger and contained more capsaicin and DHC than those produced in Uvalde or College Station. While flavonoid contents were variable and low in all genotypes and locations, a few hybrids showed some potential for use in future crossing schemes to compete against the commercial check. Our results further suggested that variation in phytochemicals in fruit tissue of Habanero genotypes can be exploited by selecting in an appropriate environment. In the second experiment, analysis of four jalapeño hybrids in comparison to three commercial checks (Dragon, Ixtapa, and J1845), as well as, two cayenne hybrids in comparison to one commercial check (Mesilla) were compared after growing in three different locations (Amarillo, College Station, and Uvalde). Results demonstrated that the College Station location contributed to production of fruit containing higher concentrations of both AA and flavonoids, while those grown in Amarillo produced fruit with higher capsaicinoids. As expected, cayenne samples contained more AA and flavonoids than jalapeño samples. In comparison to the commercial jalapeño checks, all jalapeño hybrids generally expressed less capsaicinoids. With respect to AA and flavonoid concentrations, a few jalapeño hybrids proved to have some potential to compete against their respective commercial cultivars. For the cayenne market, one genotype revealed its potential use in mild markets and for farmers interested in a new hybrid expressing both appreciable levels of phytochemicals, as well as, more visually aesthetic attributes. Statistical analyses from the third experiment found all the F-values for each characteristic to be significant except the Location x Genotype (L x G) component for fruit wall thickness. For this experiment, a total of 21 different C. annuum (jalapeño, Serrano, and cayenne) genotypes were evaluated after growing in two diverse environmental locations (Uvalde and Weslaco). In general, peppers grown in Weslaco produced fruit with higher concentrations of AA and capsaicinoids, with a few exceptions, while fruit grown at Uvalde generally was larger in size and contained higher concentrations of flavonoids. In comparison to their respective commercial checks (jalapeño – Dragon, Tormenta; Serrano – Halcon, Magnum45; cayenne – Mesilla), a few hybrids were arguably more desirable for their respective markets with respect to different fruit measurements, AA, capsaicinoid, and flavonoid concentrations. This evidence further suggested the potential benefit this material could have for growers interested in replacing current material in the industry and to more successfully provide consumers with a healthier ingredient to better sustain their lives. In the fourth experiment, results confirmed our hypotheses that paprika type material has higher AA and flavonoid concentrations than Serrano peppers, while the opposite is possible for capsaicinoid expression. For this experiment, our goal was to identify the relative ease of incorporating different traits of interest into an improved specimen evaluating a combination of 29 F1 paprika and Serrano pepper (C. annuum) hybrids along with 19 of their respective parents. We were also able to identify how productive certain crossing combinations were at expressing a significant amount of positive heterosis for different characteristics of interest. From our correlation analyses, we were able to identify that a significant association can exist between fruit weight and fruit diameter, as well as when other characteristics were evaluated. In all, our results were able to reveal how effective certain combinations of parent material are towards production of offspring with improved traits expressing appreciable fruit characteristics and elevated phytochemical concentrations. Finally, the quantitative measurements produced in our F2 molecular marker experiment found significant amounts of variation for both flavonoids (quercetin and luteolin) and AA expression. It was evident that incorporation of the necessary genes of interest present within fruit tissue across this F2 family for these different phytochemicals were passed from ‘Ca377’ (P1) to several of these offspring. Three candidate primers were eventually identified for their potential polymorphic expression. However, after statistically analyzing the results, only one primer was identified as expressing a significant association (although the value was still relatively low) of variability with respect to luteolin. We also identified a significant association between quercetin and luteolin, quercetin and total flavonoids (quercetin+luteolin), as well as, luteolin and total flavonoids (quercetin+luteolin) in fruit tissues of different pepper material. From our results, we were able to arguably conclude that an environmental component may serve a more essential role in activating the necessary physiological processes to produce specific secondary metabolites. Although our RAPD technique was fairly straightforward and useful, some may argue that a more reliable technique would have been better. Therefore, we postulate that success may be possible in the near future if a different molecular marker technique is used.

Resumo: A caracterização de cultivares de soja é de fundamental importância, visando fornecer informações mais seguras aos produtores no momento da utilização ou substituição de cultivares, contribuindo assim para o ganho em rendimento ao longo dos anos de cultivo, no sentido de se atingir altos rendimentos. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a estabilidade e adaptabilidade de cultivares transgênicas e convencionais de soja na região dos Chapadões, em diversos ambientes de produção, envolvendo locais e épocas de semeadura. Os experimentos foram instalados em Chapadão do Sul-MS, Água Clara-MS e Chapadão do Céu-GO na safra 2006/07. Foram avaliadas 20 cultivares, sendo 10 convencionais e 10 transgênicas (RR). Os ambientes de produção corresponderam às combinações de locais e épocas de semeadura, sendo quatro épocas em Chapadão do Sul (16/10/06, 27/10/06, 17/11/06 e 30/11/06), duas em Água Clara (07/11/06 e 28/11/06) e duas em Chapadão do Céu (27/10/06 e 23/11/06). Foi realizada análise de estabilidade e adaptabilidade, para rendimento de grãos, pelo método da regressão linear bissegmentada. As cultivares convencionais foram mais produtivas na média dos ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis, apresentando performances acima da média de rendimento (3.701 kg.ha-1) quando comparadas com as transgênicas, exceto TMG 115 (RR) e TMG 121 (RR). As transgênicas foram mais sensíveis às mudanças ambientais que as convencionais, embora isso não tenha ocorrido para estabilidade. As primeiras épocas de semeadura apresentaram os melhores índices ambientais, sendo as melhores para se atingir altos rendimentos. No conjunto dos parâmetros de estabilidade e adaptabilidade a cultivar TMG 115 (RR) foi a que mais se destacou, sendo recomendável tanto para ambientes favoráveis como desfavoráveis, seguida pelas cultivares Msoy 8001 e Chapadões. A cultivar valiosa, uma das... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The characterization of soybean cultivars is more important to provide sure information to farmers in moment of utilization or substitution cultivars, contributing to yield gain along of cultivation years, looking obtain high yields. The work purpose was to verify stability and adaptability of transgenic and no transgenic soybean cultivars in Chapadões region at different production environments, considering locals and sowing seasons. Experiments were installed in Chapadão do Sul-MS, Água Clara-MS and Chapadão do Céu-GO, in 2006/07 crop. Were evaluated 20 soybean cultivars, been 10 transgenic (RR) and 10 no transgenic. The production environments were locals and sowing seasons combination, been four seasons at Chapadão do Sul, (10/16/06, 10/27/06, 11/17/06 and 11/30/06), two at Água Clara (11/07/06 and 11/28/06) and two at Chapadão do Céu (10/27/06 and 11/23/06). Stability and adaptability analysis were performed by bi-segmented linear regression. No transgenic cultivars were more productive at favorable and unfavorable environments average, presenting performance greater than productivity average (3,701kg.ha-1), when compared to transgenic cultivars, except TMG 115 (RR) and TMG 121 (RR). Transgenic cultivars tend to be more sensitive to environment changes than no transgenic, nevertheless didn't happen for stability. Early sowing seasons present the best environments index, been indicated for high grain yield. On the whole of stability and adaptability parameters, cultivar TG 115 (RR) was the best, been indicated as much for favorable as unfavorable environments. Following classify themselves Msoy 8001 and Chapadões cultivars. The Valiosa cultivar, more cultivated in area, was more stable, however with inferior yield. / Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade / Coorientador: Edson Lazarini / Banca: Pedro César dos Santos / Banca: Antonio Orlando Di Mauro / Mestre

Orientador: Norberto da Silva / Banca: Aniello Antonio Cutollo Filho / Banca: Rumy Goto / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a existência de interação genótipo x ambiente em alface do grupo americano, visando à seleção de progênies superiores, com adaptação geral ou específica a diferentes épocas de cultivo, em comparação com as cultivares comerciais. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Estação Experimental de Bragança Paulista - E.E.B.P, pertencente à Sakata Seed Sudamerica Ltda, localizada no município de Bragança Paulista - SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 3 repetições e 20 plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 44 progênies de alface do grupo americano e oito cultivares comerciais (Laurel, Lucy Brown, Manara, Rafaela, Raider, Raider Plus, Rubette e Tainá), totalizando 52 tratamentos, semeados em três épocas, julho, novembro e abril, representando os cultivos de inverno, verão e outono, respectivamente. Todas as progênies utilizadas foram originárias do programa de melhoramento de alface que vem sendo realizado na área de Melhoramento Vegetal do Departamento de Produção Vegetal, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus de Botucatu - UNESP. As progênies foram obtidas por seleção em gerações segregantes de diferentes cruzamentos entre cultivares americanas no período de 2000 a 2005, encontrando-se nas gerações F6 e F7. As avaliações e as colheitas dos experimentos foram realizadas quando as cultivares atingiram o máximo crescimento vegetativo, com cabeças compactas e grandes. As características avaliadas foram: Uniformidade, porcentagem de saia, porcentagem de cabeças comerciais, massa fresca, diâmetro transversal, compacidade, cobertura das cabeças, 'ribness', ombro e comprimento do coração. Para as características uniformidade, compacidade, cobertura das cabeças, 'ribness' e ombro, foram utilizados escalas subjetivas de notas variando de 1 a 5...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of the present study was to assess the existence of the genotype x environment interaction in lettuce of the American group in order to select the superior lineages, with general or specific adaptation to different crop times, in comparison with the commercial cultivars. The experiments were led in the Experimental Station of Bragança Paulista - E.E.B.P, of the Sakata Seed Sudámerica Ltda in Bragança Paulista, SP - Brazil. The used experimental outline was of randomized blocks, with 3 replications and 20 plants per lot. The treatments constituted of 44 lineages of lettuce of the American group and eight commercial cultivars (Laurel, Lucy Brown, Manara, Rafaela, Raider, Raider Plus, Rubette and Tainá), totalizing 52 treatments, sown at three times (July, November and April) representing the winter, summer and autumn crops, respectively. All the used lineages were from the program of lettuce improvement that is carried out in the area of Vegetal Improvement of the Department of Production Vegetal, Agronomy School, Botucatu Campus, UNESP, Brazil. The lineages were obtained from selection of segregating generations of different crossings between American cultivars in the period of 2000 to 2005, F6 and F7 generations. The evaluations and the harvests of the experiments were carried out when the cultivars reached maximum vegetative growth, with big and compact heads. The evaluated characteristics were: uniformity, percentage of the skirt, percentage of commercial heads, fresh mass, transversal diameter, compacticity, crowning of the heads, ribness, shoulder and length of the heart. For the characteristics uniformity, compactcity, cowning of the heads, ribness and shoulder, a subjective range of marks varying 1 to 5 was used.The data was submitted to group analysis in order to detect possible genotypes interactions with the environment...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:39:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 anselmo_jl_me_ilha.pdf: 318493 bytes, checksum: e1ec68e2d118da684b28afe5a6bcacc9 (MD5) / A caracterização de cultivares de soja é de fundamental importância, visando fornecer informações mais seguras aos produtores no momento da utilização ou substituição de cultivares, contribuindo assim para o ganho em rendimento ao longo dos anos de cultivo, no sentido de se atingir altos rendimentos. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a estabilidade e adaptabilidade de cultivares transgênicas e convencionais de soja na região dos Chapadões, em diversos ambientes de produção, envolvendo locais e épocas de semeadura. Os experimentos foram instalados em Chapadão do Sul-MS, Água Clara-MS e Chapadão do Céu-GO na safra 2006/07. Foram avaliadas 20 cultivares, sendo 10 convencionais e 10 transgênicas (RR). Os ambientes de produção corresponderam às combinações de locais e épocas de semeadura, sendo quatro épocas em Chapadão do Sul (16/10/06, 27/10/06, 17/11/06 e 30/11/06), duas em Água Clara (07/11/06 e 28/11/06) e duas em Chapadão do Céu (27/10/06 e 23/11/06). Foi realizada análise de estabilidade e adaptabilidade, para rendimento de grãos, pelo método da regressão linear bissegmentada. As cultivares convencionais foram mais produtivas na média dos ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis, apresentando performances acima da média de rendimento (3.701 kg.ha-1) quando comparadas com as transgênicas, exceto TMG 115 (RR) e TMG 121 (RR). As transgênicas foram mais sensíveis às mudanças ambientais que as convencionais, embora isso não tenha ocorrido para estabilidade. As primeiras épocas de semeadura apresentaram os melhores índices ambientais, sendo as melhores para se atingir altos rendimentos. No conjunto dos parâmetros de estabilidade e adaptabilidade a cultivar TMG 115 (RR) foi a que mais se destacou, sendo recomendável tanto para ambientes favoráveis como desfavoráveis, seguida pelas cultivares Msoy 8001 e Chapadões. A cultivar valiosa, uma das... / The characterization of soybean cultivars is more important to provide sure information to farmers in moment of utilization or substitution cultivars, contributing to yield gain along of cultivation years, looking obtain high yields. The work purpose was to verify stability and adaptability of transgenic and no transgenic soybean cultivars in Chapadões region at different production environments, considering locals and sowing seasons. Experiments were installed in Chapadão do Sul-MS, Água Clara-MS and Chapadão do Céu-GO, in 2006/07 crop. Were evaluated 20 soybean cultivars, been 10 transgenic (RR) and 10 no transgenic. The production environments were locals and sowing seasons combination, been four seasons at Chapadão do Sul, (10/16/06, 10/27/06, 11/17/06 and 11/30/06), two at Água Clara (11/07/06 and 11/28/06) and two at Chapadão do Céu (10/27/06 and 11/23/06). Stability and adaptability analysis were performed by bi-segmented linear regression. No transgenic cultivars were more productive at favorable and unfavorable environments average, presenting performance greater than productivity average (3,701kg.ha-1), when compared to transgenic cultivars, except TMG 115 (RR) and TMG 121 (RR). Transgenic cultivars tend to be more sensitive to environment changes than no transgenic, nevertheless didn’t happen for stability. Early sowing seasons present the best environments index, been indicated for high grain yield. On the whole of stability and adaptability parameters, cultivar TG 115 (RR) was the best, been indicated as much for favorable as unfavorable environments. Following classify themselves Msoy 8001 and Chapadões cultivars. The Valiosa cultivar, more cultivated in area, was more stable, however with inferior yield.

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Submitted by Verena Pereira (verenagoncalves@uefs.br) on 2018-07-17T21:59:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final_ Danillo Olegario.pdf: 8604713 bytes, checksum: 2e0a9905d4de264fbbd3a8997c3babb3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T21:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final_ Danillo Olegario.pdf: 8604713 bytes, checksum: 2e0a9905d4de264fbbd3a8997c3babb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The goals of this work were to compare and evaluate statistical methods of analysis of adaptability and stability for total protein, minerals and grain yield in cowpea lines, as well as retention of these nutrients after cooking to enable recommendation and registration of new cultivars for the Brazilian semiarid. Forty-four genotypes, distributed in two experiments of different population densities, were evaluated in seven environments, in the states of Bahia, Cear?, Pernambuco and Piau?. Initially, a comparison was made of ten statistical methods of adaptability and stability using only the production data. Spearman correlation coefficients were estimated between the methods. For the assessments of adaptability and stability of the genotypes the methods of Eberhart and Russell, Lin and Binns and the Model of main additive effects and multiplicative interaction - AMMI were applied. To evaluate the effect of cooking, 24 genotypes were used, including ten lines, five commercial cultivars and nine landraces maintained by farmers. The seed protein content was quantified through the Kjeldahl method. and the minerals by the AOAC standard procedure. The statistical analyzes for the experimental designs were performed in the SAS by the GLM procedure. The AMMI method is most suitable due to the graphical arrangement of both the genotypes and the environments and high correlation with others evaluated methods. The use of highly correlated methods is not recommended, as in the cases of Plaisted and Peterson and Wricke and the methods of Annicchiarico and Lin and Binnsthat show strong association and produce similar genotypic classifications. The use of one of them incombination with that of Eberhart and Russell or AMMI can add information to the stability analysis. Statistically significant differences in the genotype as well as in the genotype?environment interaction for minerals, proteins and grain yield were observed in all the assays. The lines presenting the highest protein contents showed the lowest grain yields, and it indicated the prominent ?phenotypic cost? of protein in overall cowpea seed production. The methods by Eberhart and Russell, Lin and Binns and AMMI showed similar results for selection of superior genotypes. For the protein content, the lines C3Q, C3M, C2S and C1J presented grain yields equal to or greater than the general mean of the experiments and average of 27% of protein. For iron and zinc contents, the line C4I and T16_2R presented grain yield equal to or greater than the general mean of the experiments, with mean values of Fe and Zn 15% higher than the values of the evaluated cultivars. For the potassium and calcium contents, the C4I and C3O strains showed grain yield equal to or greater than the general average, with K and Ca means higher than the values of the cultivars evaluated. All the lines mentioned above presented broad adaptability and good stability in the series of evaluated environments showing great potential to be released as new cultivars for the Brazilian semiarid. Cooking had a reduced effect on protein, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc contents in the cowpea beans. The CPCR3F6L17 obtained high grain yield and high levels of protein, potassium, iron and zinc, after cooking, being promising for the region studied / Os objetivos deste trabalho foram comparar e avaliar m?todos estat?sticos de an?lise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade para o teor de prote?nas totais, minerais e produ??o de gr?os em linhagens de feij?o-caupi, bem como a reten??o desses nutrientes ap?s a coc??o, para possibilitar a recomenda??o e registro de novos cultivares para o semi?rido brasileiro. Quarenta e quatro gen?tipos, distribu?dos em dois experimentos de diferentes densidades populacionais, foram avaliados em sete ambientes, nos estados da Bahia, Cear?, Pernambuco e Piau?. Inicialmente, foi realizado acompara??o de dez m?todos estat?sticos de adaptabilidade e estabilidade utilizando apenas dados de produ??o. Coeficientes de correla??o Spearman foram estimados entre os m?todos. Para as avalia??es de adaptabilidade e estabilidade dos gen?tipos aplicou-se os m?todos de Eberhart e Russell, Lin e Binns e o Modelo de efeitos aditivos principais e intera??o multiplicativa - AMMI. Para avaliar o efeito da coc??o, foram utilizados 24 gen?tipos, sendo dez linhagens, cinco cultivares comerciais e nove variedades mantidas por agricultores.A quantifica??o de prote?na total foi realizada pelo m?todo de Kjeldhal, e os minerais pelo procedimento padr?o da AOAC. As an?lises estat?sticas para os delineamentos experimentais foram efetuadas no SAS pelo procedimento GLM. O m?todo AMMI ? o mais indicado devido a disposi??o gr?fica e alta correla??o com os demais m?todos. A utiliza??o de m?todos que apresentam elevada correla??o, como os m?todos Plaisted e Peterson e Wricke, Annicchiarico e Lin e Binns, que mostram forte associa??o, e produzem classifica??es genot?picas similares, n?o ? recomendado. O uso de um deles em combina??o com o de Eberhart e Russell ou AMMI pode agregar informa??o ? an?lise de estabilidade. Foram observadas diferen?as estat?sticas significativas dos quadrados m?dios de tratamentos, dos ambientes e das intera??es ambientes x tratamentos para minerais, prote?nas e produ??o de gr?os. As linhagens que apresentaram os maiores teores de prote?na e minerais apresentaram produ??es de gr?os abaixo da m?dia geral, nos dois experimentos. Os m?todos de Eberhart e Russell, Lin e Binns e o AMMI apresentam resultados semelhantes quanto a sele??o de gen?tipos superiores. Para o teor de prote?na, As linhagens C3Q, C3M, C2S e C1J apresentaram produ??es de gr?os igual ou superior a m?dia geral dos experimentos e m?dia de 27% de prote?na. Para os teores de ferro e zinco, a linhagem C4I e T16_2R apresentou produ??o de gr?os igual ou superior a m?dia geral dos experimentos, com valores m?dios de Fe e Zn, 15% superiores aos valores dos cultivares avaliados. Para os teores de pot?ssio e c?lcio, as linhagens C4I e C3O mostraram rendimento de gr?os igual ou maior do que a m?dia geral, com m?dia de K e Ca mais elevadas do que os valores dos cultivares avaliados. Todas as linhagens citadas anteriormente apresentaram ampla adaptabilidade e boa estabilidade na s?rie de ambientes avaliados mostrando grande potencial para serem lan?ados como novos cultivares para o semi?rido brasileiro. A coc??o teve efeito reduzido nos teores de prote?na, pot?ssio, c?lcio, ferro e zinco, nos gr?os de feij?o-caupi. A linhagem CPCR3F6L17 obteve alta produtividade de gr?os e elevados teores de prote?na, pot?ssio, ferro e zinco, ap?s a coc??o, mostrando-se promissora para a regi?o estudada

A produtividade de grãos em milho é um caráter altamente complexo e muito dependente das condições ambientais. Neste trabalho de pesquisa, buscouse identificar regiões cromossômicas relacionadas à produtividade de grãos em milho por meio de análises de regressão múltipla stepwise, em vários ambientes. Os dados genotípicos advém da genotipagem de linhagens S2 por 163 locos RFLP, enquanto os dados fenotípicos foram obtidos de experimentos com repetições instalados em 11 locais distintos, nos quais foram avaliados os topcrosses das linhagens com quatro testadores diferentes. Foram selecionadas marcas associadas ao caráter nos diferentes ambientes, posteriormente comparadas a fim de verificar a consistência na expressão de genes das regiões detectadas. De maneira geral, observou-se que a maioria delas é ambiente-específica. Após a seleção das marcas, foi aplicado um índice de seleção de linhagens, baseado nos valores bj da regressão múltipla. O índice é composto pelo valor próprio das linhagens em topcrosses e por uma medida da complementaridade genotípica entre linhagens. As melhores linhagens, segundo o índice de seleção, foram agrupadas por testador e verificouse que a coincidência de linhagens entre locais variou de 48,5% a 80,0%. O emprego de marcadores permitiu verificar que a interação genótipo x ambiente foi devida à alta inconsistência na manifestação das regiões cromossômicas responsáveis pela produtividade de grãos em milho ao longo dos locais. Porém, a coincidência entre as linhagens indica que, mesmo na presença de interação, foi possível selecionar linhagens generalistas. / Grain yield in maize is a complex trait, highly dependent on environmental conditions. Identification of consistent chromosomal regions across environments related to this trait is desirable in the context of marker assisted selection. This work was aimed at identifying regions associated with maize grain yield by stepwise multiple regression analysis in several environments. Maize S2 lines were genotyped by 163 RFLP loci and topcrossed to four different testers. These top crosses were evaluated in 11 locations. Grain yield associated markers were identified for each environment and the consistency of expression of associated genes was verified. Most of the chromosome regions were environment specific. After marker identification for each environment, a selection index was applied, which was composed by the performance of a line in topcross and a measure of genetic complementarity. The best lines were grouped by tester across locations and the coincidence of superior lines varied from 48.5% to 80.0%. The use of molecular markers showed that genotype x environment interaction was due to a high expression inconsistency of chromosome regions related to grain yield in maize across environment. Nonetheless, the coincidence between superior lines indicated the possibility to selecting lines with good performance along environments, even in the presence of genotype x environment interaction.

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-21T14:42:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Henrique Neves de Souza.pdf: 639543 bytes, checksum: c4f4efdf9da82b1b9d2aa60d34c8085f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T14:42:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Henrique Neves de Souza.pdf: 639543 bytes, checksum: c4f4efdf9da82b1b9d2aa60d34c8085f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-19 / Brazil is of the most traditional producers of cane sugar, whose culture is deployed in various soil types and under the influence of different climates, resulting in various types of environments with which it interacts. As for the agronomy, the culture of sugar cane has an excellent development, a result of the timing between the technology involved in growing and favorable climatic conditions. Through the methodology, this work aimed to study the micro-center of the state of Pernambuco, the behavior of clones and varieties of cane sugar in the breeding program of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE / RIDESA analyzing aspects agro-industrial productivity, as well as assessing genotype x environment interactions, estimating the magnitude of some genetic parameters and based on the analysis of economic return, prepare a recommendation for use of superior materials. The experiment was conducted at the microregion area of Pernambuco Center, Plant Petribú premises, located in the municipality of Lagoa de Itaenga - PE during the agricultural years 2005/2006, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008. We used randomized complete block design with four replications, using 11 varieties and 15 clones have already been exploited commercially. Agrotechnological variables were evaluated tons of cane per hectare (TCH), tons of sugar per hectare (TPH), pol% corrected (PCC), fiber (FIB), purity (PZA), soluble solids (Brix) and total sugar recoverable (ATR). Analysis were performed by cutting individual and joint of the three cuts (plant cane, first ratoon crop and second ratoon crop) to the beginning, middle and end of harvest, also some estimating genetic parameters and their averages grouped by Scott & Knott test (1974). Finally were performed to analyze the economic return of the materials under study. / O Brasil é um dos mais tradicionais produtores de cana-de-açúcar, cuja cultura é implantada em vários tipos de solos e sob influência de diferentes climas, o que resulta em diversos tipos de ambientes com as quais ela interage. Quanto ao aspecto agronômico, a cultura da cana-de-açúcar apresenta um desenvolvimento excelente, resultado do sincronismo entre a tecnologia aplicada no cultivo e as condições climáticas favoráveis. Através da metodologia aplicada, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar na microrregião Centro do Estado de Pernambuco, o comportamento de clones e variedades de cana-de-açúcar no programa de melhoramento genético da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE / RIDESA, analisando aspectos relacionados à produtividade agroindustrial, bem como as interações genótipo x ambiente, estimando a magnitude de alguns parâmetros genéticos e com base na análise de retorno econômico, eleger materiais superiores. O experimento foi conduzido na zona canavieira da microrregião Centro de Pernambuco, na área agrícola da Usina Petribú, localizada no município de Lagoa de Itaenga - PE, durante os anos agrícolas 2005/2006, 2006/2007 e 2007/2008. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados completos com quatro repetições, utilizando 11 clones e 15 variedades comercialmente já exploradas. Foram avaliadas as variáveis toneladas de cana por hectare (TCH), toneladas de açúcar por hectare (TPH), pol % corrigido (PCC), fibra (FIB), pureza (PZA), teor de sólidos solúveis (BRIX) e açúcar total recuperável (ATR). Foram realizadas análises individuais por corte e conjunta dos três cortes (cana planta, soca e ressoca) para o início, meio e final de colheita, estimando também alguns parâmetros genéticos e suas médias agrupadas através do teste Scott & Knott (1974). Por fim foram realizadas análises de retorno econômico dos materiais em estudo.

Au Sahel, la répartition des pluies irrégulière dans le temps et dans l’espace engendre une forte interaction variété x année et variété x lieu. Pour déterminer les variétés les plus productives en espérance en fonction des lieux, il faudrait de nombreuses années d’expérimentation en chaque lieu, ce qui prendrait beaucoup de temps.Une alternative est de maximiser la production prédite à l’aide d’un modèle de culture décrivant la croissance et le développement de cultures en interaction avec leurs conditions agro-environnementales.La production à maximiser est moyenne sur une distribution de probabilitéd’entrées environnementales, spécifique du lieu, alors que les paramètres variétaux qui maximisent cette production définissent un but de sélection que l’on appelle idéotype.Dans ce travail, nous voulons déterminer une carte d’idéotypes de sorgho. Nous sommes donc confrontés à un problème d’optimisation d’un modèle complexe. Une méthode classiquement utilisée dans ce contexte est la méthode Efficient Global Optimization (EGO), fondée sur un métamodèle de krigeage. Ici, une telle approche n'est pas adaptée. En effet, la distribution des entrées météorologiques suit un modèle stochastiquedont les paramètres varient continûment dans l’espace en suivant un gradient Nord-Sud. L’optimisation des paramètres variétaux est alors conditionnelle à ces paramètres de climat. D’autre part, la fonction à maximiser n’est connue que par un nombre limité de simulations, donc à une erreur près.Notre cadre de travail concerne donc l'optimisation conditionnelle d'une fonction bruitée. Les extensions existantes de l'algorithe $EGO$ ne prennent pas en charge ce cadre. Dans cette thèse, un nouveau critère pour l'optimisation conditionnelle d'une fonction bruitée est proposée et étudié. Une métaphore de l'optimisation conditionnelle est la recherche d'une ligne de crête. A partir de simulations sur des fonctions test, une étude des performances de ce nouveau critère est proposée, de même qu'une comparaison avec le critère habituellement utilisé pour la recherche de ligne de crête. Les résultats de cette étude montrent l'intérêt de notre critère.L'application à la cartographie d'idéotypes de sorgho a été testée sur l'espace couvert par le Sénégal, le sud du Mali et le Burkina Faso. Elle a consisté à maximiser le rendement espéré en fonction de 4 paramètres du modèle Samara : la longueur de la phase végétative, la longueur maximale des racines, le potentiel de réserve des tiges, et la mortalité des feuilles. Les résultats de cette optimisation recoupent en partie l'analyse de sensibilité menée sur ces mêmes paramètres. / In the Sahel region, the irregular rainfall distribution in time and space generates variety x year and variety x location interactions. Therefore, determining variety with the best expected yield would take many years of experimentation in each location.Alternatively, the best variety could be identified by maximizing the predicted yield using a crop simulation model that describes growth and development of a crop in interaction with agro-environmental conditions.The average yield depends on the probability distribution of environmental inputs, which is location specific, while the cultivar parameters that maximizethis yield define the ideotype, i.e. the selection target.In this work, we want to draw the map of sorghum ideotypes in Sub Saharan Africa. To face the problem of optimizing a complex model, an algorithm conventionally used in this context is the Efficient Global Optimization method (EGO), based on kriging as a surrogate model. Here, the distribution of meteorological inputs follows a stochastic model whose parameters varycontinuously in space along a North-South gradient. Consequently, the optimization of varietal parameters is conditional on these climate parameters. Moreover, the function to maximize is noisy, because expectation and quantilesare merely estimated with a limited number of simulations. We aimed at adapting the EGO algorithm to the conditional optimization of a noisy function. Extensions exist either for the optimization of noisy functions or for the conditional optimization of deterministic functions, ie the search for the values of a subset of parameters that optimize the function conditionally to the values taken by another subset, which are fixed. A metaphor for conditional optimization is the search for a crest line. No method has yet been developed for the conditional optimization of noisy functions: this is what we propose in this thesis. Testing this new method on test functions shows that, in case of a high level of noise on the function, the PEQI criterion that we propose is better than the PEI criterion usually implemented in such a situation.The application of this new optimization method sorghum ideotypes parameters mapping has been tested in the area covered by Senegal, southern Mali and Burkina Faso. It consisted in maximizing the expected yield with respect to 4 parameters of Samara model: vegetative phase length, maximum root length, stem reserve potential, and leaf mortality. The results of this optimization partly coincide with the sensitivity analysis conducted on these same parameters.

Linha de pesquisa: Melhoramento animal. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-09-29T00:35:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diego_coimbra_alcantara.pdf: 1887370 bytes, checksum: 3b18dc6adcb9630901b41a57c4a4a351 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T14:23:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diego_coimbra_alcantara.pdf: 1887370 bytes, checksum: 3b18dc6adcb9630901b41a57c4a4a351 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T14:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diego_coimbra_alcantara.pdf: 1887370 bytes, checksum: 3b18dc6adcb9630901b41a57c4a4a351 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Objetivou-se com este estudo, caracterizar a intera??o gen?tipo x ambiente em codornas de corte, alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes rela??es de triptofano:lisina, via normas de rea??o. Para realizar o experimento foram utilizadas duas linhagens de codornas de corte, LF1 e LF2. A ra??o fornecida no per?odo de crescimento, nascimento aos 21 dias de idade, continha uma rela??o de 0,20% de triptofano:lisina, e no per?odo final do crescimento, 22 a 35 dias, as codornas foram separadas em 5 tratamentos com as rela??es: 0,15; 0,20; 0,25; 0,30; 0,35% de triptofano:lisina. As aves foram pesadas aos 28 e 35 dias e abatidas aos 35 dias de idade. As caracter?sticas avaliadas foram os pesos pr?-abate, peso 28, peso 35, peso e rendimentos da carca?a, peito, coxa+sobrecoxa e as caracter?sticas de qualidade da carne. As an?lises foram realizadas utilizando modelos de regress?o aleat?ria considerando efeito fixo de sexo e o efeito aleat?rio gen?tico aditivo direto como fun??es das rela??es triptofano:lisina da dieta, admitindo-se homogeneidade de vari?ncia residual. Os resultados para desempenho, caracter?sticas de carca?a e caracter?sticas de qualidade da carne indicam que o coeficiente de regress?o do intercepto (b0), foi maior que o coeficiente de regress?o aleat?rio (b1). A herdabilidade e a vari?ncia gen?tica aditiva foram influenciadas pelas diferentes rela??es triptofano:lisina da dieta. Houve intera??o gen?tipo x ambiente para as caracter?sticas rendimento de carca?a, rendimento de peito e rendimento de coxa+sobrecoxa. As caracter?sticas de qualidade da carne CRA, b*, c* e H* (LF1) e CRA, PPC, L* e H* (LF2) apresentaram intera??o gen?tipo x ambiente. A intera??o gen?tipo x ambiente observada para as caracteristicas de rendimento e qualidade da carne indicam que a sele??o seja feita na rela??o triptofano:lisina em que as codornas ser?o criadas. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / We animed of this experiment was to characterize the genotype x environment interaction in the production of meat quails, fed diets containing different tryptophan:lysine ratios, via reaction standards. Two lines of cutting quails, LF1 and LF2, were used to perform the experiment. The feed provided in the growing period, from birth to 21 days, contained a 0.20% tryptophan:lysine ratio and in the final growth period, from 22 to 35 days of age, quails were separated into 5 treatments containing the Ratios of 0.15; 0.20; 0.25; 0.30; 0.35% tryptophan: lysine. The birds were weighed at 28 and 35 days of age and slaughtered at 35 days of age. The evaluated characteristics were the pre-slaughter weights, weight 28, weight 35, weight and yields of the carcass, breast, thigh + sobrecoxa and the quality traitsof the meat. The analyzes were performed using random regression models considering fixed sex effect and direct additive genetic random effect as functions of the tryptophan:lysine ratios of the diet, assuming homogeneity of residual variance. The results for performance, carcass traitsand meat quality traitsindicate that the regression coefficient of the intercept (b0) was higher than the random regression coefficient (b1). Heritability and additive genetic variance were influenced by the different tryptophan:lysine ratios of the diet. There was no genotype x environment interaction for the traitsof carcass yield, yield of breast and yield of thigh + overcoat. The quality traits of the meat CRA, b *, c * and H * (LF1) and CRA, PPC, L * and H * (LF2) presented genotype x environment interaction. It is possible to conclude that for yield traitsthe selection can be made in the lowest tryptophan: diet lysine ratios. For meat quality traitsthe sensitivity of the values indicates that the selection must be made in the tryptophan:lysine ratio in which the quails will be created.