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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Uso de componentes de imagens de satélites na modelagem espacial do volume em povoamento de Eucalyptus sp. / Use of satellite imagery components in spatial modeling of volume in Eucalyptus sp. stands.

Aló, Lívia Lanzi 17 May 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T17:10:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALO_Livia_2016.pdf: 35886856 bytes, checksum: e8f725fab0ed2763bd7a05881893a6d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T17:10:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ALO_Livia_2016.pdf: 35886856 bytes, checksum: e8f725fab0ed2763bd7a05881893a6d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T17:10:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ALO_Livia_2016.pdf: 35886856 bytes, checksum: e8f725fab0ed2763bd7a05881893a6d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T17:11:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALO_Livia_2016.pdf: 35886856 bytes, checksum: e8f725fab0ed2763bd7a05881893a6d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Forest inventory is an important tool used to estimate forest wood production. However, some methodologies used in forest inventory are based in Classical Statistics, which disregards any spatial continuity that may exist between sample unities. Some geostatistic interpolators such as ordinary kriging (OK) and external drift kriging (EDK) allow us to assess this spatial structure. Furthermore, besides spatial variability, interpolators as EDK use one or more auxiliary variables. Satellite images have different components that interrelate with dendrometric variables and that can be used as auxiliary variables in order to increase the degree of precision of estimates. The aim of this study was to assess EDK performance on the volume estimation of Eucalyptus sp. stands using satellite image components as secondary variables and to compare it with OK performance. With this purpose, a forest inventory of 210 circular plots of 500 m² was carried out in order to estimate the volume (m³ ha-1 ) in each plot. Images obtained of studied area had blue, green, red and near infrared band. From these bands, it were extracted: gray level in each band, the ratio between bands, vegetation index (NDVI, SAVI e ARVI), texture measures and index generated from textures related to plot area. Covariance model adjustement throughout Stepwise method and selection by AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) method were made to EDK geostatistic. EDK and OK semivariograms were adjusted by different theoretical models through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and the choice of the best model was given by the lowest value of residual standard error. From statistic analysis of images and correlation matrix, it was observed a correlation of variables with volume and also autocorrelation between these variables. The best covariance model selected was composed by band 2, measure of COR texture of band 2, MULCOR texture index of band 1 and by age. In the two semivariograms, the best model adjusted was the exponential one. Analysing the results, volume estimates generated by EDK produced better results than OK estimates and had the lowest value of residual standard error and the best area under curve (AUC) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. / O inventário florestal é uma importante ferramenta utilizada para estimar a produção dos povoamentos florestais. Contudo, algumas metodologias utilizadas no inventário são embasadas na Estatística Clássica, que desconsidera qualquer continuidade espacial que possa existir entre as unidades amostrais. Alguns interpoladores geoestatísticos, tais como a krigagem ordinária (KO) e a krigagem de deriva externa (KDE), permitem avaliar essa estrutura espacial. Além disso, interpoladores como a KDE utilizam, além da variável espacial, uma ou mais variáveis auxiliares. As imagens de satélites possuem diferentes componentes que se correlacionam com as variáveis dendrométricas podendo ser usados como variáveis auxiliares, visando o aumento do grau de precisão das estimativas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho da KDE na estimativa do volume de povoamentos florestais de Eucalyptus sp., utilizando os componentes de imagens de satélites como variáveis auxiliares e compará-la com o desempenho da KO. Com esse propósito, processouse um inventário florestal de 210 parcelas circulares de 500 m², a fim de estimar o volume (m³ ha-1 ) por parcela. As imagens obtidas da área do estudo continham as bandas azul, verde, vermelho e infravermelho próximo. A partir destas, foram extraídos o nível de cinza (NC) de cada banda, da razão simples entre as bandas, índices de vegetação (NDVI, SAVI e ARVI), medidas de textura e índices gerados a partir das texturas referentes à área da parcela. Para a geoestatística KDE, foi feito o ajuste do modelo de covariância através do método Stepwise e a seleção pelo método AIC (Critério de Informação de Akaike). Os semivariogramas da KDE e da KO foram ajustados por diferentes modelos teóricos por meio do método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) e a escolha do melhor modelo se deu pelo menor valor do erro padrão residual. Nas análises das estatísticas das imagens e da matriz de correlação geradas, foi possível observar a correlação das variáveis com o volume e também a autocorrelação existente entre as variáveis. O melhor modelo de covariância selecionado foi composto por banda 2, medida de textura COR (correlação) da banda 2, índice de textura MULCOR (correlação multiplicado pela banda) da banda 1 e pela idade. Nos dois semivariogramas, o modelo que melhor se ajustou foi o exponencial. Nas análises dos resultados, as estimativas de volume geradas pela KDE produziram melhores resultados que as estimativas da KO, obtendo o menor valor de erro padrão residual e a melhor área sob a curva (AUC) na análise da curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic).
22

Development and application of some quantitative stratigraphic techniques to the Coos Bay coalfield, a Tertiary fluvio-deltaic complex in southwestern Oregon

Titus, Willard Sidney, III 01 January 1987 (has links)
A computer technique for interpreting geophysical logs of drill-holes in quantitative lithologic terms has been developed and tested on the deposits of the late Eocene Coaledo Formation, a well-studied fluvio-deltaic complex in southwestern Oregon. The technique involves the use of induced and natural gamma logs for separation of coal and claystone from coarse-grained detrital rocks and the use of the ratio of resistivity and natural gamma responses (defined here as the "grain size index") to divide the coarse elastic rocks into a series of textural classes corresponding to the Wentworth-Odden particle size scale.

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