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With the application of new technological trends and principles of scientific research in general, places on environmental influences (everything what surrounds human - building interior and exterior materials, urban areas) and also with sustainable development and ecology, etc., and on health and psychological well-being humans and thus puts on architecture and building entirely new demands on the application of new principles. Due to global climate change, which recently published the official report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), are placed on reducing the emissions into the atmosphere greater demands on. If architects previously were requested by the client, building with optimal solutions and functional expression of aesthetic quality, so now in addition to increasing demand on building´s solution with low power consumption using environmentally friendly materials from renewable resources and completely satisfying idea of sustainable development. Global societal trends is reverting to the traditional approaches to creating an environment (the application of natural materials, Feng Shui, Building Biology, etc.). The growing trend in today's society on issues of sustainable development, conservation of natural conditions, examining the effects of construction on human health and psychological well-being, which the aims bring together experts seemingly unrelated fields such as geophysics, medicine, architecture, civil engineering, etc., and their findings, according to aspects of the disciplines draw general rules of healthy living. Emerging and still evolving field aims to examine the relationship between man and his environment. The logical starting point is therefore in the context of examining the structure of the first dwelling. Buildings where people spend at least one third of their life. Building, whose location, orientation, mass, materials used in building itself as well as those that surround people in the interior, and many others will affect the physical and physiological action. Not only health but also mental well-being of man is as much determined by a whole range of relationships and linkages. Structural system guidelines for healthy living is the main reason of the work, clear what assumptions we have taken into account in the design and how it specifically relates to a quality place to rest – the Geomagnetic field is one of the base point, which lead to healthy living. Interaction of architecture and geomagnetic field and their values are processed in the evaluation system. It would lead to clarification of the relationship between the occurrence of these anomalies and building materials, construction, site selection for construction of buildings and other solutions. I will desribing the relationship between human´s health and the incidence of these artificial or natural anomalies at the same time.

WINDMI is a low dimensional plasma physics-based model of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations describes the energy balance between the basic nightside components of the system using the solar wind driving voltage as input. Of the eight dynamical variables determined by the model, the region 1 field aligned current and ring current energy is compared to the westward auroral electrojet AL index and equatorial geomagnetic disturbance storm time Dst index. The WINDMI model is used to analyze the magnetosphere-ionosphere system during major geomagnetic storms and substorms which are community campaign events. Numerical experiments using the WINDMI model are also used to assess the question of how much interplanetary shock events contribute to the geoeffectiveness of solar wind drivers. For two major geomagnetic storm intervals, it is found that the magnetic field compressional jump is important to producing the changes in the AL index. Further, the WINDMI model is implemented to compute model AL and Dst predictions every ten minutes using real-time solar wind data from the ACE satellite as input. Real-Time WINDMI has been capturing substorm and storm activity, as characterized by the AL and Dst indices, reliably since February 2006 and is validated by comparison with ground-based measurements of the indices. Model results are compared for three different candidate input solar wind driving voltage formulas. Modeling of the Dst index is further developed to include the additional physical processes of tail current increases and sudden commencement. A new model, based on WINDMI, is developed using the dayside magnetopause and magnetosphere current systems to model the magnetopause boundary motion and the dayside region 1 field aligned current which is comparable to the auroral upper AU index. / text

Após a desativação da técnica SA, a ionosfera tornou-se a principal fonte de erro no posicionamento com GPS. O erro associado à ionosfera é diretamente proporcional ao conteúdo total de elétrons (TEC – Total Electron Content) presente ao longo do caminho da trajetória percorrida pelo sinal na ionosfera e inversamente proporcional ao quadrado da freqüência do sinal. O TEC, e conseqüentemente o erro devido à ionosfera, variam no tempo e no espaço e é influenciado por diversas variáveis, tais como: ciclo solar, época do ano, hora do dia, localização geográfica, atividade geomagnética, entre outros. A região brasileira é um dos locais que apresenta os maiores valores e variações espaciais do TEC e onde estão presentes diversas particularidades da ionosfera, tais como, a anomalia equatorial e o efeito da cintilação ionosférica. Desta forma, é importante a realização de pesquisas que visam estudar o comportamento do TEC, e conseqüentemente do erro devido à ionosfera no Brasil, que é um trabalho complexo devido aos diversos fatores que influenciam a variação do TEC, além das particularidades presentes na região brasileira. Estudos desta natureza podem auxiliar a comunidade geodésica brasileira, e demais usuários do GPS, no entendimento das limitações impostas pela ionosfera nas regiões de interesse. Devido à natureza dispersiva da ionosfera, o estudo do comportamento do TEC no Brasil pode ser realizado utilizando os dados GPS de receptores de dupla freqüência pertencentes à RBMC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo). Adicionalmente, para uma melhor análise, pode-se também utilizar dados das estações da rede IGS (International GNSS Service) da América do Sul. Esta pesquisa tem como principal meta o estudo do comportamento do erro devido à ionosfera na região brasileira em diferentes situações ionosféricas com base em valores de TEC advindos das estações GPS da RBMC e da rede IGS da América do Sul. Outro objetivo é avaliar a performance e as limitações do Mapa Global da Ionosfera do IGS aplicado no posicionamento por ponto na região brasileira. / In the SA absence, the ionosphere is the largest error source in GPS positioning. The error due to the ionosphere in the GPS observables depends on the signal frequency and Total Electron Content (TEC) in the ionospheric layer. The TEC varies regularly in time and space in relation to the sunspot number, the season, the local time, the geographic position, and others. The Brazilian region is one of the regions of the Earth that presents largest values and space variations of the TEC, being influenced by the equatorial anomaly of ionization and ionospheric scintillation. Therefore, it is important to study the TEC behavior in the Brazilian region. Due to the ionosphere dispersive nature, the TEC behavior in Brazil can be studied using GPS data from RBMC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo – Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of GPS). Additionally, GPS data from IGS (International GNSS Service) network of the South America can also be used in the experiments. The goal of this research is to study the ionospheric error behavior in the Brazilian region, considering different ionosphere situations, using TEC values computed by GPS data from RBMC and IGS network. Other goal is to evaluate the performance and limitations of Global Ionospheric Map of IGS applied in the GPS point positioning in Brazil.

Após a desativação da técnica SA, a ionosfera tornou-se a principal fonte de erro no posicionamento com GPS. O erro associado à ionosfera é diretamente proporcional ao conteúdo total de elétrons (TEC – Total Electron Content) presente ao longo do caminho da trajetória percorrida pelo sinal na ionosfera e inversamente proporcional ao quadrado da freqüência do sinal. O TEC, e conseqüentemente o erro devido à ionosfera, variam no tempo e no espaço e é influenciado por diversas variáveis, tais como: ciclo solar, época do ano, hora do dia, localização geográfica, atividade geomagnética, entre outros. A região brasileira é um dos locais que apresenta os maiores valores e variações espaciais do TEC e onde estão presentes diversas particularidades da ionosfera, tais como, a anomalia equatorial e o efeito da cintilação ionosférica. Desta forma, é importante a realização de pesquisas que visam estudar o comportamento do TEC, e conseqüentemente do erro devido à ionosfera no Brasil, que é um trabalho complexo devido aos diversos fatores que influenciam a variação do TEC, além das particularidades presentes na região brasileira. Estudos desta natureza podem auxiliar a comunidade geodésica brasileira, e demais usuários do GPS, no entendimento das limitações impostas pela ionosfera nas regiões de interesse. Devido à natureza dispersiva da ionosfera, o estudo do comportamento do TEC no Brasil pode ser realizado utilizando os dados GPS de receptores de dupla freqüência pertencentes à RBMC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo). Adicionalmente, para uma melhor análise, pode-se também utilizar dados das estações da rede IGS (International GNSS Service) da América do Sul. Esta pesquisa tem como principal meta o estudo do comportamento do erro devido à ionosfera na região brasileira em diferentes situações ionosféricas com base em valores de TEC advindos das estações GPS da RBMC e da rede IGS da América do Sul. Outro objetivo é avaliar a performance e as limitações do Mapa Global da Ionosfera do IGS aplicado no posicionamento por ponto na região brasileira. / In the SA absence, the ionosphere is the largest error source in GPS positioning. The error due to the ionosphere in the GPS observables depends on the signal frequency and Total Electron Content (TEC) in the ionospheric layer. The TEC varies regularly in time and space in relation to the sunspot number, the season, the local time, the geographic position, and others. The Brazilian region is one of the regions of the Earth that presents largest values and space variations of the TEC, being influenced by the equatorial anomaly of ionization and ionospheric scintillation. Therefore, it is important to study the TEC behavior in the Brazilian region. Due to the ionosphere dispersive nature, the TEC behavior in Brazil can be studied using GPS data from RBMC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo – Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of GPS). Additionally, GPS data from IGS (International GNSS Service) network of the South America can also be used in the experiments. The goal of this research is to study the ionospheric error behavior in the Brazilian region, considering different ionosphere situations, using TEC values computed by GPS data from RBMC and IGS network. Other goal is to evaluate the performance and limitations of Global Ionospheric Map of IGS applied in the GPS point positioning in Brazil.

Após a desativação da técnica SA, a ionosfera tornou-se a principal fonte de erro no posicionamento com GPS. O erro associado à ionosfera é diretamente proporcional ao conteúdo total de elétrons (TEC – Total Electron Content) presente ao longo do caminho da trajetória percorrida pelo sinal na ionosfera e inversamente proporcional ao quadrado da freqüência do sinal. O TEC, e conseqüentemente o erro devido à ionosfera, variam no tempo e no espaço e é influenciado por diversas variáveis, tais como: ciclo solar, época do ano, hora do dia, localização geográfica, atividade geomagnética, entre outros. A região brasileira é um dos locais que apresenta os maiores valores e variações espaciais do TEC e onde estão presentes diversas particularidades da ionosfera, tais como, a anomalia equatorial e o efeito da cintilação ionosférica. Desta forma, é importante a realização de pesquisas que visam estudar o comportamento do TEC, e conseqüentemente do erro devido à ionosfera no Brasil, que é um trabalho complexo devido aos diversos fatores que influenciam a variação do TEC, além das particularidades presentes na região brasileira. Estudos desta natureza podem auxiliar a comunidade geodésica brasileira, e demais usuários do GPS, no entendimento das limitações impostas pela ionosfera nas regiões de interesse. Devido à natureza dispersiva da ionosfera, o estudo do comportamento do TEC no Brasil pode ser realizado utilizando os dados GPS de receptores de dupla freqüência pertencentes à RBMC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo). Adicionalmente, para uma melhor análise, pode-se também utilizar dados das estações da rede IGS (International GNSS Service) da América do Sul. Esta pesquisa tem como principal meta o estudo do comportamento do erro devido à ionosfera na região brasileira em diferentes situações ionosféricas com base em valores de TEC advindos das estações GPS da RBMC e da rede IGS da América do Sul. Outro objetivo é avaliar a performance e as limitações do Mapa Global da Ionosfera do IGS aplicado no posicionamento por ponto na região brasileira. / In the SA absence, the ionosphere is the largest error source in GPS positioning. The error due to the ionosphere in the GPS observables depends on the signal frequency and Total Electron Content (TEC) in the ionospheric layer. The TEC varies regularly in time and space in relation to the sunspot number, the season, the local time, the geographic position, and others. The Brazilian region is one of the regions of the Earth that presents largest values and space variations of the TEC, being influenced by the equatorial anomaly of ionization and ionospheric scintillation. Therefore, it is important to study the TEC behavior in the Brazilian region. Due to the ionosphere dispersive nature, the TEC behavior in Brazil can be studied using GPS data from RBMC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo – Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of GPS). Additionally, GPS data from IGS (International GNSS Service) network of the South America can also be used in the experiments. The goal of this research is to study the ionospheric error behavior in the Brazilian region, considering different ionosphere situations, using TEC values computed by GPS data from RBMC and IGS network. Other goal is to evaluate the performance and limitations of Global Ionospheric Map of IGS applied in the GPS point positioning in Brazil.

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Eruptive events on the Sun have an impact on immediate cosmic surround- ings of the Earth. Through induction of electric current also affect Earthbound structures such as the electric power distribution networks. Inspired by recent studies we investigate the correlation between the disturbances recorded by the Czech electric-power distributors with the geomagnetic activity represented by the K index. We found that in the case of the datasets recording the disturbances on the power lines with the high and very high voltage levels and disturbances on elec- trical substations, there was a statistically significant increase of failure rates in the periods of maxima of geomagnetic activity compared to the adjacent minima of activity. There are hints that the disturbances are more pronounced shortly after the maxima than shortly before the maxima of activity. Our results provide hints that the geomagnetically induced currents may af- fect the power-grid equipment even in the mid-latitude country in the middle of Europe. A follow-up study that includes the modelling of geomagnetically induced currents is needed to confirm our findings. The second part of our research includes modelling of geoelectric field using one-minute geomagnetic measurements from Intermagnet database. We applied this model to the long-term...