Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-19T18:16:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio Roberto Ribeiro Martins.pdf: 1717894 bytes, checksum: 5b58c8625abcee08ad43390e685ce5cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T18:16:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio Roberto Ribeiro Martins.pdf: 1717894 bytes, checksum: 5b58c8625abcee08ad43390e685ce5cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to contribute to discussions about the present and the diversity of geopolitical approaches. We intend to identify and analyze the importance of geopolitics to the Geographic Science in the context of political and social changes occurring in the twenty-first century with the specific focus on Latin America. Through the theoretical study we will discuss the conceptual changes and the main references for the construction of Geopolitics and Political Geography for the geographical science. From there, we will discuss the contribution of concepts such as territory and politics within the geography and the validity of new social actors in building the Critical Geopolitics. The theoretical basis helped to read and understanding of geopolitics in Latin America, its territorial and political issues and its representation in the textbook of geography high school of the state of São Paulo / Buscando contribuir com as discussões a respeito da atualidade e a diversidade das abordagens sobre a Geografia Política, pretendemos identificar e analisar a importância da Geografia Política para a Ciência Geográfica no contexto das transformações políticas e sociais ocorridas no século XXI com o recorte específico sobre a América Latina. Por meio do estudo teórico discutiremos as transformações conceituais e as principais referências para a construção da Geopolítica e Geografia Política para a ciência geográfica. A partir dai, discutiremos a contribuição de conceitos como território e política dentro da geografia e a validade de novos agentes sociais na construção da Geopolítica Crítica. O embasamento teórico auxiliou a leitura e a compreensão da Geografia Política na América Latina, suas questões territoriais e políticas e sua representação no livro didático de geografia do ensino médio da rede estadual de São Paulo

This study seeks to examine the main theories and theorists of geopolitical imagining and argue for an intrinsic relation between traditional geopolitics and the development of international relations both in theory and practice. By doing so the study aims to pursue an assessment of the insights of critical geopolitics, as reflected in the works of John Agnew, Gerar&oacute / id &Oacute / Tuathail (Gerard Toal), Simon Dalby, Klaus Dodds and others, for the theory of IR, more specifically its dominant paradigm realism. The aim of this study, in other words, is to identify and describe the geopolitical assumptions that have led IR theory to turn out to be &bdquo / realist

Recent calls from progressive, subaltern and postcolonial geopoliticians to move geopolitical scholarship away from its Western ontological bases have argued that more ethnographic studies centred on peripheral and dispossessed geographies need to be undertaken in order to integrate peripheralised agents and agencies in dominant ontologies of geopolitics. This thesis follows these calls. Through empirical data collected during a period of five months of fieldwork undertaken between October 2014 and March 2015, it investigates the ways through which an Indigenous community of the Canadian Arctic, Tulita (located in the Northwest Territories' Sahtu region) represents geopower. It suggests a semiotic reading of these representations in order to take the agency of other-than/more-than-human beings into account. In doing so, it identifies the ontological bases through which geopolitics can be indigenised. Drawing from Dene animist ontologies, it indeed introduces the notion of a place-contingent speculative geopolitics. Two overarching argumentative lines are pursued. First, this thesis contends that geopower operates through metamorphic refashionings of the material forms of, and signs associated with, space and place. Second, it infers from this that through this transformational process, geopower is able to create the conditions for alienating but also transcending experiences and meanings of place to emerge. It argues that this movement between conflictual and progressive understandings is dialectical in nature. In addition to its conceptual suggestions, this thesis makes three empirical contributions. First, it confirms that settler geopolitical narratives of sovereignty assertion in the North cannot be disentangled from capitalist and industrial political-economic processes. Second, it shows that these processes, and the geopolitical visions that subtend them, are materialised in space via the extension of the urban fabric into Indigenous lands. Third, it demonstrates that by assembling space ontologically in particular ways, geopower establishes (and entrenches) a geopolitical distinction between living/sovereign (or governmentalised) spaces and nonliving/bare spaces (or spaces of nothingness).