"Based upon the premise that a single wind near the midpoint of a triangular area represents the mean wind of the area, a statistical study was made of the relationship between observed and computed geostrophic winds. Comparisons were made of observed and computed winds for five triangles at the 700, 500, and 300-mb levels. After comparing a single wind of a triangle with a geostrophic wind and the vector mean of the three observed winds at the vertices of this triangle, the results indicated that the central observed wind may deviate widely from the geostrophic wind and from the average observed wind of the triangle"--Introduction. / "January, 1955." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 23).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63).

In the year 2002 the Swedish Energy Agency assigned the department of Earth science at Uppsala University a research assignment to make a detailed wind climatology mapping covering Sweden. A survey of the Swedish wind climate has been made earlier in some areas, using the Danish model WASP. In this study the MIUU-model is usedwhich is a mesoscale three dimensional numerical model with a turbulence closure scheme of level 2.5. The MIUU-model is computer time demanding. Therefore a method to minimize the total number of simulations is wanted, without negative effects on the result. In this thesis the main issue is to compare the sensitivities and differences between climatological wind calculations using runs with different forcing parameters, i.e. with different meteorological conditions. Primarily the climatological results received with different geostrophic wind forcing are studied and compared. The idea is to find combinations with as small deviations as possible. The parameters investigated, called flow forcing parameters, are; geostrophic wind (magnitude and direction), thermal wind and thermal stratification. To compare the calculations a reference run is used. In theruns studying the influence of the geostrophic wind, calculations where made with 1, 2, 3 and 6 geostrophic wind speeds and with 4, 8, 16 and 32 wind directions. All compared to the reference that is based on 3 wind speeds and 8 wind directions. The model has earlier been used without any thermal wind influence. Therefore radio sonde data have been used to calculate the geostrophic mean wind profile introduced in the model to make new runs. The thermal stratification has also been modified in April and October to find out the sensitivities in the model. The result shows that there are only a few possible shortcuts in the number of runs needed and in the verification of the parameters. The question is if it is worth searching for them, since they might not be valid in other areas with more complex terrain. To be on the safe side, runs like the reference runs should at least be used in order to get accurate results as regards the wind climate. / År 2002 gav Statens Energimyndighet ett uppdrag till Institutionen för geovetenskaper vid Uppsala Universitet att kartlägga det svenska vindklimatet. En kartläggning av vindklimatet i vissa delar av Sverige har gjorts tidigare med hjälp av den danska modellen WASP. I denna avhandling används MIUU-modellen som är en mesoskalig tredimensionell numerisk modell med ett ’closure scheme of level 2.5’. MIUU-modellen kräver mycket datorkraft och därför söks ett sätt att minimera antalet modellkörningar utan försämrat värde på resultaten. I denna avhandling är huvuduppgiften att jämföra känsligheten och skillnaderna mellan klimatologiska beräkningar från modellkörningar med olika drivande parametrar i modellerna, d v s med olika meteorologiska förhållanden. De erhållna klimatologiska resultaten från olika geostrofiska vindhastigheter är plottade. För att jämföra resultaten ritas en ny plott som visar avvikelserna mellan de två originalresultaten. Syftet är att hitta plottar med så små skillnader som möjligt. De undersökta parametrarna, som är av stor betydelse för modellen är: geostrofisk vind (styrka och riktning), termisk vind och temperaturskiktning. För att jämföra beräkningarna används en referenskörning. I modellkörningarna med den geostrofiska vinden görs beräkningar med 1, 2, 3 och 6 olika geostrofiska vindstyrkor och med 4, 8, 16 och 32 vindriktningar. Alla jämförs med referensen som är beräknad på 3 vindstyrkor och 8 vindriktningar. Modellen har tidigare använts utan termisk vind. Från Universitetet i Wyoming har därför data hämtats för att beräkna den geostrofiska medelvindprofilen som införts i modellen för nya modellberäkningar. Temperaturskiktningen har också modifierats i april och oktober för att kontrollera känsligheten i modellen. Resultaten visar att det bara finns några få genvägar bland parametrarna. Frågan är om det är värt att leta efter dem, eftersom de mest troligt inte är de samma om man tittar på andra områden med mer kuperad terräng. För att vara på den säkra sidan är beräkningarna med samma parametrar som referenskörningarna det bästa sättet att få bra resultat avseende vindklimatet.

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The use of an ocean surface velocity dependent wind stress is examined in the context of a 3-layer double-gyre quasigeostrophic wind-driven ocean circulation model. The new wind stress formulation results in a large reduction of the power input by the wind into the oceanic circulation. This wind stress is proportional to a quadratic function of Ua--u o, where Ua is the wind at 10m above the ocean surface and uo is the ocean surface current. Because the winds are typically faster than the ocean currents, the impact of the ocean surface velocity on the wind stress itself is relatively small. However, the power input is found to be greatly reduced with the new formulation. This is shown by simple scaling argument and numerical simulations in a square basin. Our results suggest that the wind power input may be as much as 35% smaller than is typically assumed. / The ocean current signature is clearly visible in the scatterometer-derived wind stress fields. We argue that because the actual ocean velocity differs from the modeled ocean velocities, care must be taken in directly applying scatterometer-derived wind stress products to the ocean circulation models. This is not to say that the scatterometer-derived wind stress is not useful. Clearly the great spatial and temporal coverage make these data sets invaluable. Our point is that it is better to separate the atmospheric and oceanic contribution to the stresses. / Finally, the new wind stress decreases the sensitivity of the solution to the (poorly known) bottom friction coefficient. The dependence of the circulation strength on different values of bottom friction is examined under the standard and the new wind stress forcing for two topographic configurations. A flat bottom and a meridional ridge case are studied. In the flat bottom case, the new wind stress leads to a significant reduction of the sensitivity to the bottom friction parameter, implying that inertial runaway occurs for smaller values of bottom friction coefficient. The ridge case also gives similar results. In the case of the ridge and the new wind stress formulation, no real inertial runaway regime has been found over the range of parameters explored.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin, 1961. / Also published as AFCRL-TN-61-844, and University of Wisconsin Dept. of Meteorology Scientific report no. 5. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 43).

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