Organic petrology and RockEval-TOC pyrolysis studies were carried out on over 600 samples of shales, siltstones, marls and coals from forty three sections in the Upper Devonian and Carboniferous strata of the northern part of the Liard Basin and adjacent areas of northern Canada between latitudes 59° 30' N and 60° 30' N and longitudes 121° 30' W and 125° W, to determine the hydrocarbon source potential, thermal maturity and thermal history. The focus of the study is on the optical characteristics and genesis of bitumens and their viability as indicators of thermal maturity. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents indicate that potential oil and gas source rocks occur in the Muskwa, Kotcho, Besa River, Exshaw, Lower Banff, Yohin, Clausen, Golata and Mattson formations; the latter includes thin algal laminites and sapropelic coals. Hydrogen versus oxygen indices indicate that the organic matter comprises Type II kerogen, except for the Golata and Mattson formations which contain mixed Type II and Type III kerogen. Petrographic analysis indicates that the organic components consist of primary and secondary liptinites of marine origin and indigenous microscopic bitumens. In addition, shales in the Golata and Mattson contain structured liptinite macerals, predominantly sporinite derived from Carboniferous mega- and microspores. ... Organic petrology and RockEval-TOC pyrolysis studies were carried out on over 600 samples of shales, siltstones, marls and coals from forty three sections in the Upper Devonian and Carboniferous strata of the northern part of the Liard Basin and adjacent areas of northern Canada between latitudes 59° 30' N and 60° 30' N and longitudes 121° 30' W and 125° W, to determine the hydrocarbon source potential, thermal maturity and thermal history. The focus of the study is on the optical characteristics and genesis of bitumens and their viability as indicators of thermal maturity. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents indicate that potential oil and gas source rocks occur in the Muskwa, Kotcho, Besa River, Exshaw, Lower Banff, Yohin, Clausen, Golata and Mattson formations; the latter includes thin algal laminites and sapropelic coals. Hydrogen versus oxygen indices indicate that the organic matter comprises Type II kerogen, except for the Golata and Mattson formations which contain mixed Type II and Type III kerogen. Petrographic analysis indicates that the organic components consist of primary and secondary liptinites of marine origin and indigenous microscopic bitumens. In addition, shales in the Golata and Mattson contain structured liptinite macerals, predominantly sporinite derived from Carboniferous mega- and microspores.

From the Proceedings of the 1971 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 22-23, 1971, Tempe, Arizona / The distribution of groundwater having temperature considered to be higher than normal is examined on a regional basis. Much of the work was done by searching the literature and examining USGS records. The geographic distribution of the thermal waters is reviewed; relation to structure, geothermal gradients and water quality are discussed. Current and past utilization of thermal water from both springs and wells of the state has never been very extensive. Conclusions were: (1) the occurrence of thermal water in the state is closely allied to major structural elements, especially major fault zones; (2) geothermal gradients vary widely from place to place; (3) the extent of 'bedrock' influence on thermal water occurrence is difficult to ascertain; (4) most thermal water in southern Arizona is derived from meteoric water.

<p> Glamorgan township in southeastern Ontario, is underlain by Precambrian rocks of the Grenville province. Prominent amongst these are migmatite, paragneiss, and granite gneiss, VJhich collectively form a series of rocks (the Glamorgan gneiss aeries). </p> <p> Field work revealed that this series is completely gradational from a geological aspect, and that the geological gradation is complemented by a geochemical gradation. <p> An explanation of these gradational relationships constitutes the main contribution of this study. The conclusions reached are that partial melting of paragneiss produced migmatite and a trondhjemitic melt, which later produced granitic (in the strict sense) derivatives. </p> <p> In developing the main conclusions, a number of subsidiary problems are discussed, chief of which are the possible metavolcanic or metasedimentary o'rigin of the paragneiss and the possible origin of so-called diorite as a differentiate of an alkaline gabbro. Metamorphism was concluded to be of Miyashiro's low pressure intermediate type. </p> <p> By the use of experimentally determined reactions and stability fields a metamorphic grid was devised, which led to the following upper limits of metamorphic conditions: 550 to 650°C and 3 to 6.5 kilobars total pre5sure. These estimates in turn lead to the following limiting geothermal gradients: 25 to 55°C per kilometre. </p> <p> The Glamorgan occurrence was found to share three characteristics with many other Precambrian terrains : 1. migmatisation and emplacement of granite accompanied high grade metamorphism; 2. an early sodium-rich granite was followed by a more potassic one; and 3. the more sodic granite is associated with a small amount of basic igneous rock. These three generalisations were used to formulate a possible model for deep crustal petrogenesis. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)