Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago. / Reprinted from the Botanical gazette, vol. XLII, no. 4, October, 1906. "Literature cited": p. 290-291.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1916. / "Private edition, distributed by the University of Chicago Libraries, Chicago, Illinois." "Reprinted from the Botanical gazette, Vol. LXXI, No. 4, April 1921." "Literature cited": p. 286-288.

No description available.

In Scotland, bilberry is well known as a member of the dwarf shrub community on moorlands, which provide valuable habitats for wildlife. Recently it has been envisaged that bilberry populations could play an important role in improving the dwarf shrub vegetation in degraded moorland areas. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the above-ground growth dynamics of bilberry with emphasis on responses to grazing by sheep and seedling establishment. The leaf production of bilberry was increased by higher nitrogen availability. High nitrogen supply also led to greater activation of dormant buds. Abortion of buds was less when nitrogen was continuously supplied. The reproductive capacity of bilberry was shown to be decreased by herbage removal. In contrast flowering was increased following supply of high nitrogen in glasshouse conditions. Almost all the flowers developed into fruits in the field, but a very low production of fruits was reported from bilberry plants that were grown in the glasshouse. Results of a series of laboratory experiments on seed production, germination, seed storage and evaluation of a moorland seed bank confirmed that the scanty seedling recruitment of bilberry was due to the limited production of 'germinable' seeds in berries and risks imposed by the environment after dispersal particularly when seeds are in the litter layer and/or soil. This could suggest that limited picking of bilberry fruits would not have a detrimental effect on establishment of bilberry populations in moorlands. Therefore, areas could be identified which were suitable for public access and berry exploitation in Scotland. The berry production was estimated approximately to be about 3220-9660 tones per year in this zone.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Flinders University, School of Biological Sciences. / Typescript bound. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Em áreas onde o herbicida glyphosate é utilizado freqüentemente, populações da planta daninha trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.) têm sido selecionadas, devido à tolerância da espécie à ação deste herbicida. Neste sentido, há necessidade de utilização de alternativas de manejo, as quais, por sua vez, são dependentes de conhecimentos profundos sobre a biologia da espécie; e também do controle químico eficiente em condições de pós-emergência, cuja eficácia depende, sobretudo, do estádio de desenvolvimento da planta daninha no momento da aplicação. Desta forma, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar: a germinação e a emergência das plântulas de sementes aéreas pequenas de trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.) quando submetidas a diferentes temperaturas, condições de luz, superação de dormência e profundidade de semeadura; a competitividade com a cultura da soja; e avaliar a resposta biológica da C. benghalensis e da B. plantaginea a aplicações de diferentes doses do herbicida glyphosate em seis estádios fenológicos, ajustando-as aos modelos tradicionais e a funções de duas variáveis. Com relação à germinação, avaliouse o efeito da luz, temperatura, escarificação química e profundidade de semeadura no substrato. A temperatura ótima para germinação da trapoeraba foi de 25°C. Não houve efeito da luz na germinação das sementes. Não houve interferência positiva na germinação por conseqüência do tratamento das sementes com ácido sulfúrico, em diferentes períodos de exposição, indicando que o lote de sementes de trapoeraba testado não possuía impermeabilidade do tegumento à água. A emergência das plântulas de trapoeraba é influenciada negativamente e de forma linear, pela profundidade de semeadura dos propágulos no substrato. Não houve emergência das plântulas quando as sementes foram depositadas a 80 mm de profundidade. O substrato areia favorece a emergência das plântulas. Com relação à competitividade, a habilidade competitiva da trapoeraba foi semelhante à das plantas de soja, com evidências que a competição intraespecífica teve maior importância para as espécies que a competição interespecífica. Com relação ao controle químico com glyphosate, observou-se que o desenvolvimento das plantas de trapoeraba comprometeu o controle, ou seja, melhores controles foram obtidos com a aplicação de glyphosate sobre plantas jovens. Quando em análise conjunta, a trapoeraba foi mais tolerante ao herbicida que o capim-marmelada. Houve ajuste dos dados a modelos tridimensionais, correlacionando estádio fenológico, dose e controle, contudo novas estimativas devem ser realizadas, sobretudo com a inclusão de doses mais elevadas de glyphosate / In areas where the herbicide glyphosate is used frequently, populations of the weed Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) have been selected, due to the species tolerance to the action of that herbicide. This way, the use of alternative management is necessary, which are dependent upon deep knowledge on species biology; as well as, the efficient chemical control in post emergence conditions, which efficacy depends on the growth development stage of the weed at the moment of herbicide application. Therefore, this work was carried out with the objective of evaluating: the germination and emergency of small aerial seeds of Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis L.) when exposed to different temperatures, light conditions, dormancy overcoming and seeding depth; the competitive ability with the soybean crop; to evaluate the biological rates of the C. benghalensis and the B. plantaginea the applications of different rates of the herbicide glyphosate in six phenologic stages, adjusting them the traditional models and the functions of two variable. Related to germination, light, temperature, chemical scarification and depth of seeding effects were evaluated. The optimal temperature for Bengal dayflower germination was 25°C. Light effects were not observed on seed germination. Positive consequences of seed treatment with sulfuric acid were not identified, considering different periods of exposition; that indicates that the portion of Bengal dayflower seeds tested did not have tegument water impermeability. Seedling emergence is negative and linearly influenced by seeding depth in the substrate. Seedling emergence was not figured out when seeds were 80 mm depth placed. Sand substrate favored seedling emergence. Related to competitiveness, Bengal dayflower competitive ability revealed similar to soybean plants, with evidences that intraspecific competition was more important for species than interespecific competition. Studying chemical control with glyphosate, it was observed that the development of Bengal dayflower plants compromised the control, i.e., better results were obtained with glyphosate applications on young plants. When in joint analysis, Bengal dayflower was more tolerant than alexandergrass to the herbicide. Data were adjusted to tridimensional models, correlating phenologic stage, rate and control, although new estimative must be achieved, mainly including higher doses of glyphosate.

Em áreas onde o herbicida glyphosate é utilizado freqüentemente, populações da planta daninha trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.) têm sido selecionadas, devido à tolerância da espécie à ação deste herbicida. Neste sentido, há necessidade de utilização de alternativas de manejo, as quais, por sua vez, são dependentes de conhecimentos profundos sobre a biologia da espécie; e também do controle químico eficiente em condições de pós-emergência, cuja eficácia depende, sobretudo, do estádio de desenvolvimento da planta daninha no momento da aplicação. Desta forma, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar: a germinação e a emergência das plântulas de sementes aéreas pequenas de trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.) quando submetidas a diferentes temperaturas, condições de luz, superação de dormência e profundidade de semeadura; a competitividade com a cultura da soja; e avaliar a resposta biológica da C. benghalensis e da B. plantaginea a aplicações de diferentes doses do herbicida glyphosate em seis estádios fenológicos, ajustando-as aos modelos tradicionais e a funções de duas variáveis. Com relação à germinação, avaliouse o efeito da luz, temperatura, escarificação química e profundidade de semeadura no substrato. A temperatura ótima para germinação da trapoeraba foi de 25°C. Não houve efeito da luz na germinação das sementes. Não houve interferência positiva na germinação por conseqüência do tratamento das sementes com ácido sulfúrico, em diferentes períodos de exposição, indicando que o lote de sementes de trapoeraba testado não possuía impermeabilidade do tegumento à água. A emergência das plântulas de trapoeraba é influenciada negativamente e de forma linear, pela profundidade de semeadura dos propágulos no substrato. Não houve emergência das plântulas quando as sementes foram depositadas a 80 mm de profundidade. O substrato areia favorece a emergência das plântulas. Com relação à competitividade, a habilidade competitiva da trapoeraba foi semelhante à das plantas de soja, com evidências que a competição intraespecífica teve maior importância para as espécies que a competição interespecífica. Com relação ao controle químico com glyphosate, observou-se que o desenvolvimento das plantas de trapoeraba comprometeu o controle, ou seja, melhores controles foram obtidos com a aplicação de glyphosate sobre plantas jovens. Quando em análise conjunta, a trapoeraba foi mais tolerante ao herbicida que o capim-marmelada. Houve ajuste dos dados a modelos tridimensionais, correlacionando estádio fenológico, dose e controle, contudo novas estimativas devem ser realizadas, sobretudo com a inclusão de doses mais elevadas de glyphosate / In areas where the herbicide glyphosate is used frequently, populations of the weed Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) have been selected, due to the species tolerance to the action of that herbicide. This way, the use of alternative management is necessary, which are dependent upon deep knowledge on species biology; as well as, the efficient chemical control in post emergence conditions, which efficacy depends on the growth development stage of the weed at the moment of herbicide application. Therefore, this work was carried out with the objective of evaluating: the germination and emergency of small aerial seeds of Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis L.) when exposed to different temperatures, light conditions, dormancy overcoming and seeding depth; the competitive ability with the soybean crop; to evaluate the biological rates of the C. benghalensis and the B. plantaginea the applications of different rates of the herbicide glyphosate in six phenologic stages, adjusting them the traditional models and the functions of two variable. Related to germination, light, temperature, chemical scarification and depth of seeding effects were evaluated. The optimal temperature for Bengal dayflower germination was 25°C. Light effects were not observed on seed germination. Positive consequences of seed treatment with sulfuric acid were not identified, considering different periods of exposition; that indicates that the portion of Bengal dayflower seeds tested did not have tegument water impermeability. Seedling emergence is negative and linearly influenced by seeding depth in the substrate. Seedling emergence was not figured out when seeds were 80 mm depth placed. Sand substrate favored seedling emergence. Related to competitiveness, Bengal dayflower competitive ability revealed similar to soybean plants, with evidences that intraspecific competition was more important for species than interespecific competition. Studying chemical control with glyphosate, it was observed that the development of Bengal dayflower plants compromised the control, i.e., better results were obtained with glyphosate applications on young plants. When in joint analysis, Bengal dayflower was more tolerant than alexandergrass to the herbicide. Data were adjusted to tridimensional models, correlating phenologic stage, rate and control, although new estimative must be achieved, mainly including higher doses of glyphosate.