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This thesis deals with the general issue of geographic information system GRASS distributed under the licence GNU GPL. It introduces the system itself and its possibilities as well as describes the terminology used in the Geography scientific sector. It also can be use as a simple handbook for teaching GIS.

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IUGONET研究集会第179回生存圏シンポジウム 『メタ情報のデータベースを利用した分野横断型地球科学研究の進展』

Version control systems are an asset to software development, enabling developers to keep snapshots of the code as they work. Stored in the version control system is the entire history of the software project, rich in information about who is contributing to the project, when contributions are made, and to what part of the project they are being made. Presented in the right way, this information can be made invaluable in helping software developers continue the development of the project, and maintainers to understand how the changes to the current version can be applied to older versions of projects. Maintainers are unable to effectively use the information stored within a software repository to assist with the maintanance older versions of that software in highly-collaborative projects. The Linux kernel repository is an example of such a project. This thesis focuses on improving visualizations of the Linux kernel repository, developing new visualizations that help answer questions about how commits are integrated into the project. Older versions of the kernel are used in a variety of systems where it is impractical to update to the current version of the kernel. Some of these applications include the controllers for spacecrafts, the core of mobile phones, the operating system driving internet routers, and as Internet-Of-Things (IOT) device firmware. As vulnerabilities are discovered in the kernel, they are patched in the current version. To ensure that older versions are also protected against the vulnerabilities, the patches applied to the current version of the kernel must be applied back to the older version. To do this, maintainers must be able to understand how the patch that fixed the vulnerability was integrated into the kernel so that they may apply it to the old version as well. This thesis makes four contributions: (1) a new tree-based model, the \mt{}, that abstracts the commits in the repository, (2) three visualizations that use this model, (3) a tool called \tool{} that uses these visualizations, (4) a user study that evaluates whether the tool is effective in helping users answer questions related to how commits are integrated about the Linux repository. The first contribution includes the new tree-based model, the algorithm that constructs the trees from the repository, and the evaluation of the results of the algorithm. the second contribution demonstrates some of the potential visualizations of the repository that are made possible by the model, and how these visualizations can be used depending on the structure of the tree. The third contribution is an application that applies the visualizations to the Linux kernel repository. The tool was able to help the participants of the study with understanding how commits were integrated into the Linux kernel repository. Additionally, the participants were able to summarize information about merges, including who made the most contributions, which file were altered the most, more quickly and accurately than with Gitk and the command line tools. / Graduate

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DevOps is a cultural idea rather than a firm way to do software development, with the aim of reducing software lead times by bringing operations and development closer via principles that mainly deal with automation. This paper provides a potential DevOps solution for Wexnet, an internet service provider company. A requirements list is created by interviewing which is then used to evaluate existing web-based git solutions. Two viable candidates were selected, GitHub and GitLab which were compared against each other. GitLab was chosen because of its comparably low resource usage and lower overall setup complexity.

<p>År 2015 ska alla avrinningsområden i EU-länderna vara fastställda. Anledningen till detta är att år 2000 trädde ett vattendirektiv i kraft. Syftet med direktivet är att skapa en helhetssyn för vattenresurserna i Europa och för att få en enhetlig och övergripande lagstiftning. I Sverige har SMHI redan bestämt vattendelare och avrinningsområden för ett stort antal områden i landet, men i och med direktivet har det blivit ett krav. En helhetssyn på vattenresurser tillsammans med kunskaper om geologi är en förutsättning för en hållbar utveckling och ett effektivt tillvaratagande av naturresurserna. Inom samhällsplaneringen spelar geologin en tämligen betydande roll. Vid exempelvis planering av nya bostadsområden är det av stor vikt att veta markens egenskaper.</p><p>Syftet med detta examensarbete var att fastställa Kungsbäckens avrinningsområde samt att göra en geomorfologisk undersökning av området. Arbetet syftade även till att redogöra för några fluvialmorfologiska förekomster kring del av Kungsbäcken - från utloppet vid Gavleån vid Stora Vall till viadukten vid Regementsvägen. Genom att utföra studien som en kombination av naturgeografi och GIT påvisas möjligheterna att utföra olika typer av analyser och beräkningar utifrån de naturresurser som finns i ett område och den moderna tekniken. Vidare kommer resultatet från denna studie att delges SMHI. De kan därmed få nytta av materialet när de, på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket, skall utföra en kartläggning av Kungsbäckens avrinningsområde.</p><p>För att möjliggöra en geomorfologisk kartläggning av Kungsbäckens avrinningsområde och fastställa dess gränser studerades initialt tillgängligt material såsom tidigare studier, litteratur, terrängkarta, jord- och bergartskartor samt flygfotografier. Vid genomförandet av fastställningen av områdets gränser nyttjades bland annat SMHI:s tidigare gjorda gränser, en av oss gjord analog analys, utifrån tryckta terrängkartan 13H SV samt en flödesmodellering av en i studien gjord höjdmodell över området. Därefter gjordes fältstudier till tre stycken områden med osäkra områdesgränser, vilka framkom av ovan nämnda analyser. Med hjälp av flödesriktningsinstrument och okulär besiktning kunde gränserna då fastställas. Även fältstudier av geomorfologiskt intresse har utförts, såsom studie av ändmoräner och hällar.</p><p>Med hjälp av genomförda fältstudier, analyser, digitalisering och litteraturgranskning har gränserna för Kungsbäckens avrinningsområde bestämts samt beräknats till en area av 105,4 km2. Områdets geomorfologiska kartläggning har resulterat i en karta där de olika förekomsterna finns redovisade (se bilaga 1, karta i A3-format). Förutom detta finns olika begrepp och naturfenomen beskrivna i rapporten samt nyttan med denna typ av studie.</p> / <p>In year 2000, the EU Water Framework Directive was adopted and by 2015, all European watersheds have to be established. The purpose with the directive is to create an overall view over the water resources in Europe and to get a comprehensive legislation. SMHI in Sweden has already established a few watersheds around the country. An overall view of the water resources together with knowledge of the geology is a requirement to a sustainable development and an effective taking care of the nature resources. Within the physical planning, the geology knowledge is very important. For example, it is vital to know the quality of the ground when planning new building complexes.</p><p>The purpose with this bachelor thesis was to establish the watershed of Kungsbäcken and to do a geomorphologic survey of the area. The thesis also aimed to describe some of the fluvial morphologic presences, in a part of Kungsbäcken, i.e. from the outflow to Gavleån at Stora Vall, to the viaduct at Regementvägen.</p><p>By doing the study as a combination of physical geography and GIT, the possibilities to do different types of analyses and calculations, on the basis of the nature resources in an area and the modern technique are pointed out. Furthermore, the result from this study will be given to SMHI. The result may be of benefit to SMHI, when mapping the watershed of Kungsbäcken later on.</p><p>To make the geomorphologic survey of the watershed and to establish the boundaries of it, literature, earlier studies in the area, terrain- , rock, - soil maps and aerial photos were studied. Moreover, out of date-boundaries established by SMHI were used, together with an analogue analysis, based on the printed terrain map 13H SV. We also used a flow model, based on a digital elevation model over the area. The study also contained field trips. Three areas with uncertain boundaries were studied and with flow direction instruments and ocular examination, the boundaries were established. Field trips of geomorphologic interest were also made, like studies of recessional moraine and roch moutonnée.</p><p>By field trips, analyses, digitizing and literature perusal, the boundaries of the watershed of Kungsbäcken has been established and the area is 105.4 km2. The result of the geomorphologic survey of the area can be seen in a map (appendix 1). Apart from that, concepts and nature phenomena are also described in the report along with observations of the benefits of studies like this one.</p>