This paper explores cross-country variations in charitable giving and investigates the association of welfare state policies with private philanthropy. Hypotheses are drawn from crowding-out theory and considerations about the influence of a country's mixed economy of welfare. We add to the on-going discussion concerning the crowding-out hypothesis with empirical evidence by looking at specific charitable subsectors people donate to across countries. Using Eurobarometer survey data that include 23 countries, we find no evidence for a crowding-out effect, but rather a crosswise crowding-in effect of private donations. Moreover, giving behaviour differs between non-profit regimes.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / Substance abuse has become a serious global problem affecting individuals, families and communities. The effects of substance abuse devastate both the user and their families. This study aimed to describe the adverse effects that substance abuse has on the levels of care giving and well-being of families. The study explored family members perceptions of the ways in which an adolescent’s substance abuse affects family care giving and well-being. The study was conducted within a qualitative approach in order to gather an in depth understanding of the family’s experiences. Furthermore, the study was aligned with Family Systems and Bowens Family Theories, which served as reference points to allow the researcher to discern how substance abuse influences family roles, dynamics and functioning. The researcher used the case study design which focused on an issue of concern (such as adolescent substance abuse) and thus selected one case to elucidate the issue i.e. a single case study. The case would be the family members of substance abusing adolescents in Mitchells Plain. The population of interest were the parents and siblings of adolescents who abused substances. Purposive sampling was used to select families with participants who had the specific qualities and experiences needed for the study. The study sample consisted of 12 participants, seven parents (mothers) and five siblings. The participants were female which corresponds with literature, as females are perceived as more willing to share and speak about their experiences. Individual semi-structured interviews were used for data collection through the use of interview schedules. Data verification methods ensured credibility (member checking), transferability (using thick, rich descriptions), dependability (an inquiry audit), and confirmability (using researcher reflexivity). The data was analysed in the form of qualitative thematic analysis achieving data reduction by seeking themes, sub-themes and categories of data. Four themes emerged from the findings, namely, (1) parents/sibling reactions to discovering the substance abuse, (2) the effects of substance abuse on the parents/siblings living with a substance abuser, (3) effects on family communication, and (4) measures used to assist the substance abuser. Each theme was further delineated into 12 sub-themes and 23 categories which were based on both predefined and emergent codes. Permission to conduct this study was obtained from the university’s Faculty of Community and Health Sciences Ethics Committee by its Humanities and Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee (HSSREC); and by the Department of Social Development’s Research Ethics Committee. Ethics compliance was assured through confidentiality and privacy, securing and handling of confidential information, and debriefing opportunities to ensure that emotional harm is minimised together with sensitive interviewing techniques.

Thesis advisor: Philip G. Altbach / This qualitative case study examines the importance of men's intercollegiate athletics for alumni giving at Boston College for a 10-year period, based on the perceptions of 21 Boston College administrators and alumni. This study explores how athletics at Boston College engages alumni in ways that may eventually lead to their financial support of the institution. The findings reveal that study participants perceive football and men's basketball as a major source of engagement for the University's alumni that outrank other alumni activities in terms of reconnecting graduates with the institution. Further, participants support the existence of a relationship between men's intercollegiate athletics and general alumni giving at Boston College, although at varying levels of impact. The findings from this study suggest that engagement with athletic activities and events may serve as the conduit to general alumni giving that supports a host of programs and initiatives that aid the institution in its position as a national research university. Major findings focus on five areas regarding the relationship between men's intercollegiate athletics and general alumni giving at Boston College: the importance of general alumni giving, why alumni give, the importance of men's intercollegiate athletics, what engages alumni, and the influence of men's intercollegiate athletics on general alumni giving. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

Thesis advisor: John Baldovin / Thesis advisor: James Conn / Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry. / Discipline: Sacred Theology.

This thesis defends the claim that reason-giving is a discrete type of speech act (of an expressive kind) that has a distinctive value. It further argues that this value is best understood in terms of recognition, rather than justification, and that it is intrinsic to reason-giving. Its main aim is to argue against the commonly-held view that the main, sometimes the only, value to reason-giving lies in its capacity to provide justification (and in the related claim that if reasons cannot justify, then reason-giving has no value). The argument presented is intended to support that recognition (of a certain type) is a value that reason-giving has independently from any other value that it might or might not have – including justification; and hence, that reason-giving has a certain distinctive value that is not predicated upon a capacity for actually achieving justification. In particular, this thesis argues, based on speech act theory and on the concept of recognition, that this value is best understood as consisting in the expression of a particular type of recognition for the other. To establish this claim, in chapter one, it begins by setting out the standard view: that the value of reason-giving lies in its capacity to justify, and analyses some of the moves that have been made in the literature when the connection between reason-giving and justification breaks down. In chapters two to four, it uses speech act theory to analyse the acts of arguing and reason-giving, and to argue that reason-giving is a discrete speech act that has features in common with but is not reducible to arguing. Finally, in chapter five, it defends the claim that reason-giving has an intrinsic value, and that this value is best understood as an expressive value: namely, the expression of recognition for the other as a rational being (which is a valuable feature of the other’s humanity); and that it has this value regardless of whether the reasons in question are “good” from a justificatory standpoint.

The market for philanthropic donations in America has been thriving since the 1950s. 89 percent of U.S. households make annual monetary donations to charitable organizations, contributing to 20 percent of all revenues in the nonprofit sector. Majority of the factors contributing to this growth in donations can be divided into three general categories: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and marketing influence tactics. My thesis examines a plethora of past research to develop a comprehensive guide on the current theories of human behaviors as they pertain to charitable giving.

People with disability have been an underprivileged group in our society for long. As the problems that face them are multi-dimensional, the health care provided to them seems burden-heavy. The development of civil rights has raised the advocacy for deinstitutionalized welfare for people with disability. However, it needs to note that the roles of family major caregivers can not be omitted when discussing deinstitutionalization or the health care to people with disability. The government should look squarely at this issue in its public policies and address the family-based or female health care work. People with intellectual disability seldom get married. As a result, the female relatives or mothers play a pivotal role in providing care work. The experiences of mothers therefore will enormously assist in investigating the process of care-giving. Mothers were the main participants for the purpose of this research. Nine mothers and one father within Kaohsiung metropolitan area who perform health care to their children with disability were recruited. This study used in-depth interview in attempt to apply labeling theory to portray the stigma and unfair treatment they encountered in the society. Its particular conclusions were as follows: 1.This study consistent with some previous quantitative studies supported the finding that the problems that mothers face include metal disorders¡Bemotional depressions¡Beconomical difficulties and educational difficulties. 2.In tradition, care work is always viewed for granted as a responsibility to mothers. When health care work is needed, the responsibility undoubtedly will be distributed to them, but the decision making process does not always concern their willingness. 3.Because of the overlap between care work and paid work, mothers only seek those jobs that are un-technical, flexible and low waged. It is apparent that they still are trapped in so-called female poverty. 4.The discrimination and labeling against people with disability still exist in our society. The findings revealed that mothers take both positive and negative strategies to cope with this. The positive strategy is to strengthen their own self-confidence which is always from their participations in the society. Ignorance and avoidance however were reported as negative strategies. 5.Four mother types were constructed as a result of the enlightenment of labeling theory in the study and they are self-blamed¡Britualism¡Bself-salvation and utilitarianism from which four different types of care processes and coping strategies are developed respectively.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-165).

This study examines the hours of care giving provided to senior citizens in Canada using the 2007 General Social Survey. Using Heckman’s 2 Stage Correction to correct for sample selection bias, we find that care givers spend the most time caring for their spouses. However, women spend fewer hours caring for their spouses than men. This could be because women have a longer life expectancy than men, and therefore fewer women than men are actually providing care to a spouse. However, women spend more time caring for their parents than men do. Also, caregivers spend positive hours caring for a sibling of the same gender, but fewer hours caring for a sibling of the opposite gender than they do caring for non-immediate family members.

Webpage design is an important factor in the capturing of new donor populations and increasing charitable giving. Charities often use emotional appeals when soliciting donations but little is known about the effects of embedding different verbal triggers directly into donation buttons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three emotional triggers on donor compliance, donation amount and trust in the charity. A between-groups experimental design was used to test six hypotheses regarding the impact of social approval, empowerment, and guilt on donor compliance, donation amount and trust in the charity. Eighty students completed the research protocol using a simulated online donating platform. The hypotheses were not supported and the implications of the findings are discussed within the context of the strengths and limitations of the research design.