published_or_final_version / Comparative Literature / Master / Master of Philosophy

The author of this dissertation utilizes Harold Bloom's literary theory, known as "The Anxiety of Influence"(1973)  as the theoretical basis and applies it to the study of the phenomena of the Sung poetry. She uses the concepts of "influence" and "misreading" to examine the interaction and relationship between Sung poets and their predecessors. The author chooses five strong Sung poets and observes their creative state of mind while they faced the pressure of influence. Based on their writing strategies, the author inducts "revisionary ratios" that is specific to the Chinese culture and proceeds to shape a new theoretical perspective on the history of Sung poetry.

The historiography of the Third Reich has tended, on the whole, to treat Alfred Rosenberg, and his Nazi ideology and religion, in a rather condescending manner, more or less as a joke. Moreover, despite evidence to the contrary, there has been a similar tendancy to play down the significance of ideology in the Nazi Movement as a whole. Furthermore, the religious dimension of Nazism, the role of religion in the Nazi Movement, and the religious significance of the Nazi phenomenon have been likewise underestimated. Even where the significance of ideology and religion for understanding Nazism has been recognised, there as been little attempt to understand the religious aspect of Nazi ideology and the distinctive character, origin, and appeal of Nazi religion. The probable explanation for these tendences is as follows: On the one hand Rosenberg, the character of Nazi ideology, and the religious side of Nazism are rather embarrassing to German historians proud of the intellectual tradition of German scolarship. On the other hand, non-German historians, for instance in the Anglo-American world, have had real difficulty appreciating and understanding the peculiar mentality of Rosenberg, the appeal of Nazi ideology and the religious side of Nazism. Since the tendency os to make light of what is not understood, the incomprehensible becomes the object of derision and depreciation. Moreover, most contemporary historians of Nazism, whether German or non-German, do not have the interest or background in religion necessary for comprehending the religious dimension of the Nazi Movement. Hence the general tendency is to relegate the incomprehensible to the realm of the insignificant. In contrast to this general outlook, the present monograph, by one interested in theology as well as history, tried to take Rosenberg, Nazi ideology, and the religious aspect of Nazism seriously with a view to shedding light on the Nazi enigma. The study is based on the conviction that historical understanding nust begin with the self-image and self-understanding of the human beings iinvolved. However difficult, the historian must start by trying to escape his own mentality in order to enter into that of the human participants in the history under investigation. It is also based on the conviction that the only way to get at this self-understanding is through the extant contemporary documents. Hence thr study ultilises not only Rosenberg's published writings but also his voluminous files and correspondence captured at the end of tho War and preserved, for the most part, at the Bundesarchiv in Coblens. This study of Rosenberg has a three-fold purpose. First, there is the attempt to understand Rosenberg's thought, as related to Nazi ideology, in its own terms. This aim is to comprehend Rosenberg's Nazi mentality on the basis of all the relevant archival and published sources, and to represent it as accurately and as lucidly as possible - something no one has ever done before. Second there is the attempt to show that Rosenberg, his ideology, and his religious mentality, were not on the fringes of the Nazi Movement but at its heart. His outlook was an integral part of National Socialism. His ideology was seen by the hard core of the Nazi Movement, including Hitler himself, as the hard core of Nazism. Third, there is the attempt to come to grips with the general historical problem of explaining National Socialism on the basis of the perspective gained from understanding Rosenberg, his role in the Nazi Movement, and his place in the mind of Hitler. The tentative hypothesis is that Nazism was at bottom ultimately the outgrowth of a distinctively German religious mentality with historical roots in the peculiar religious and intellectual history of Germany and with a religious appeal to those facing the crisis of the German ideology in the wake of the First World War. Hence this monograph is not simply an exposition of Rosenberg's thought (only a little over one-half of it is devoted to this purpose), but an attempt to grapple with the issue of his influence in the Nazi Party and the Third Reich, with the question of the relationship between Rosenberg and Hitler's ideology, and with the problem of interpreting aad explaining the Nazi phenomenon in general. There is also the additional historical motive of recording the tragedy of Rosenberg's Nazi ideology for its own sake. Chapter 1 introduces the study with a brief statement of the general problem of National Socialism in terms of questions related to its essential nature, historical origin, and practical appeal. Then there is a brief biographical sketch of Rosenberg, stressing his integral involvement in the Nazi Movemnt from beginning to end. This is followed by a justification of the study and summary of its purpose and content. Chapter 2 is crucial to the overall thesis in that it adduces contemporary evidence for Rosenberg's influence and importancee as the ideologist of Nazism. The chapter argues on the basis of this evidence that he was taken seriously by many in tne Nazi Party aad the Third Reich, seriously enough to warrant the attempt to illuminate the Nazi enigma by means of understanding his ideology. The chapter refers, for instance, to Rosenberg's public image and his esteem among the Party's hard core to show that he had a certain following. Chapters 3-7 are an historical presentation of Rosenberg's idoelogy in the framework of the Nazi Movement. There is an account of his sources and philosophy (Chapter 3), his racial ideology of history (Chapter 4), his distictively political thought (Chapter 5), his conception of the Nazi cultural and religious revolution (Chapter 6), and his viewpoint on German foreign policy and world affairs including the Jewish Question (Chapter 7). The primary aim of these chapters is to understand Rosenberg's mind. But there is also an attempt to show that his ideology is not unrelated or irrelevant to the Nazi political movement as an empirical reality. For instance: Chapter 3 argues that Rosenberg's concept of myth provides insight into the Nazi mind and the peculiar psychological and theatrical atmosphere of the Third Reich. Chapter 4 contends that his racial ideology of history helps to explain the mentality behind the fanatical Nazi Rassenpolitik. Chapter 5 indicates that Rosenberg's conception of the Nazi political revolution corresponded to the feudal character of Nazi politics. Chapter 6 shows that there was during the Third Reich a very real interest, both positive and negative, in Rosenberg's Nazi religious revolution. Chapter 7 maintains that Rosenberg's ideological conception of Nazi foreign policy was not very far removed from the foreign policy of the Third Reich. Chapters 8 and 9 deal with the relationship between Rosenberg and Hitler and their respective ideologies. After examining Rosenberg's version of the Hitler myth, Chapter 8 discusses the question of Hitler's attitude to Rosenberg and his ideology. It argues on the basis of the evidence, including that of Hitler's attitude to ideology, that the Fuehrer himself considered Rosenberg's religious ideology theoretically and practically essential to the Nazi Movement. Chapter 9 discusses the most iiiportant features of Hitler's ideology vis-a-vis Rosenberg's with a view to showing that despite minor differences Hitler's ideology, including the idea of a religious revolution, basically corresponded to Rosenberg's. Nevertheless Hitler did not get his ideology from Rosenberg, although the latter strengthened Hitler's ideological convictions and probably helped him synthesize his ideology at one crucial point.

Thesis--Columbia University. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Columbia University. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Le mémoire de thèse propose, en s’appuyant sur la sociologie des organisations, de revisiter les évolutions de l’action publique. Dans ce cadre, l’identification des organisations en réseau inter organisationnelles comme modèle émergeant pose la problématique de la coopération des acteurs. En effet, ce type de système est amené à faire travailler ensemble,sans hiérarchisation des rapports, des représentants de milieux diversifiés issus des secteurs privés et publics (Conseil départemental, hôpital, Education Nationale,Association, service des forces de l’ordre…). Dans cette perspective, les travaux analysent les effets produits par cette hétérogénéité sur les prises de décision, sur les façons de concevoir l’activité et sur les jeux d’acteurs qui en découlent. Sur un plan macrosociologique, il est proposé une critique du modèle décentralisé en revenant sur ses ambitions initiales et en montrant que cette façon de concevoir l’action publique a in fine créé autant de problèmes qu’elle en a résolu. C’est dans la continuité de ce travail que les trois axes de recherche et d’enseignement viennent poursuivre l’analyse de l’action publique. / The report of thesis proposes, while being based on the sociology of the organizations, to revisit the evolutions of the public action. Within this framework, the identification of the network organizations interorganizational as emerging model poses the problems of the co-operation of the actors. Indeed, this kind of system is brought to make work together, without hierarchisation of there ports, the representatives of diversified mediums resulting from the private sectors and public (the departmental Council, hospital, State education, Association, service of the police…). From this point of view, work analyzes the effects produced by this heterogeneity on decision makings, the ways of conceiving the activity and on the sets of actors who result from this. On a plan macrosociologic, he is proposed a critic of the model decentralized while reconsidering his initial ambitions and by showing that this way of conceiving the publicaction in fine created as many problems as it solved some. It is in the continuity of this work that the three teaching and research orientations come to continue the analysis of the public action.

The use of influence tactics by sales representatives appears to be related to a number of latent constructs and factors such as, manifest needs, role conflict and role ambiguity, and perception of sales managers' power bases. However, such relationships have not been examined by researchers. These relationships were examined in this study in an effort to improve the current level of understanding of causes and results of the use of influence tactics in a sales environment. The contention of this study was that individuals in work settings engage in a variety of influence tactics, and that the type of influence tactics used are influenced by factors such as personal characteristics of the salespersons, the nature of goals to be achieved, the salespersons' perceptions of their superiors' power bases, and the nature and complexity of the dyadic relationship that exists between supervisor and subordinates.

<p>The main purpose of this study was to examine own and social influence on perfectionism</p><p>with individual athletes. The participants (n= 96) of this study represented ten different sports</p><p>and their ages was between 15 and 44. An interview with four of the participant was</p><p>conducted. The instruments used for this study was the Positive and Negative Perfectionism</p><p>Scale (Terry-Short et al., 1995) and for the interviews questions was based on own and social</p><p>influence. The results showed that there was a relationship between positive perfectionism</p><p>and own influence, negative perfectionism and own influence, negative perfectionism and</p><p>social influence. The results did not show any gender difference regarding perfectionism and</p><p>own/social influence. The interview gave a deeper knowledge on positive perfectionism</p><p>together with own and social influence and negative perfectionism together with own and</p><p>social influence.</p><p>Keywords: Individual athletes, Own influence, Perfectionism, Social influence</p>

The main purpose of this study was to examine own and social influence on perfectionism with individual athletes. The participants (n= 96) of this study represented ten different sports and their ages was between 15 and 44. An interview with four of the participant was conducted. The instruments used for this study was the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (Terry-Short et al., 1995) and for the interviews questions was based on own and social influence. The results showed that there was a relationship between positive perfectionism and own influence, negative perfectionism and own influence, negative perfectionism and social influence. The results did not show any gender difference regarding perfectionism and own/social influence. The interview gave a deeper knowledge on positive perfectionism together with own and social influence and negative perfectionism together with own and social influence. Keywords: Individual athletes, Own influence, Perfectionism, Social influence

The influence of observations on the outcome of an analysis is of importance in statistical data analysis. A practical and well-established approach to influence analysis is case deletion. However, it has its draw-backs when subsets of observations are jointly influential and offset each other's influence. Another approach is local influence proposed by Cook (1986).The local influence methodology of Cook (1986) is based on the curvature of the likelihood displacement surface formed by model/data perturbations. Wu and Luo (1993a, 1993b) further developed the idea and proposed the study of the perturbation-formed surface of a variable by evaluating the curvature of the surface in addition to its maximum slope. This thesis utilizes the local influence approach to develop influence diagnostic methods for four different topics.Firstly, we proposed a stepwise confirmatory procedure for the detection of multiple outliers in two-way contingency tables. The procedure begins with the identification of a reliable set of candidate outliers by evaluating the derivatives of the perturbation-formed surface of the Pearson goodness-of-fit statistic. An adding-back iterative algorithm is then applied to the candidate set to assess their relative discordancy. Using two real data sets, the proposed procedure is shown to be less susceptible to both masking and swamping problems than residual based measures. In a Monte Carlo study, the local influence diagnostics are also found to outperform standard residual-based methods in terms of efficiency and other criteria.Transformations of covariates are commonly applied in regression analysis. When a parametric transformation family is used, the maximum likelihood estimate of the transformation parameter is often sensitive to minor perturbations of the data. Diagnostics based on the local influence approach are derived to assess the influence ++ / of observations on the covariate transformation parameter in generalized linear models. Three numerical examples are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed diagnostics. The need for transformation is also addressed in addition to assessing influence on the transformation parameter.A common method of choosing the link function in generalized linear models is to specify a parametric link family indexed by unknown parameters. The maximum likelihood estimates of such link parameters, however, often depend on one or several extreme observations. Diagnostics based on the local influence approach are derived to assess the sensitivity of the parametric link analysis. Two examples demonstrate that the proposed diagnostics can identify jointly influential observations on the link even when masking is present. The application of the diagnostics can also assist us in revising the link parameter and hence the form of the model.The portmanteau statistic is commonly used for testing goodness-of-fit of time series models. However, this lack of fit test may depend on one or several atypical observations in the series. We investigate the sensitivity of the portmanteau statistic in the presence of additive outliers. Diagnostics based on the local influence approach are developed to assess both local and global influence. Three practical examples demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed diagnostics.