Dissolutional features called karst exist on the surface, and in the subsurface as caves. In glaciated regions caves were thought to be post-glacial in origin. Work in the 1970s demonstrated that pre-glacial caves existed, but did not answer if a cave could form post-glacially. A model proposed by Mylroie and Carew (1987) states that a post-glacial cave would be controlled entirely by glacial features and the deranged drainage of glaciated terrains. Caves known as maze caves form at maximum rates, and could form to navigable size in the time since deglaciation. Maze caves form in the shallow subsurface, allowing them to be removed in subsequent glaciations. GIS water flow analysis, and calculation of formation times using cross-section data demonstrates that maze caves in the glaciated region of New York are post-glacial in origin fitting in the deranged drainage and forming in the time since deglaciation.

Eight dissolution caves from the Helderberg Plateau in Schoharie County, New York were studied to investigate unusual sediment packages previously interpreted to be deposits laid down during stagnant ice-cover conditions of the Wisconsin glaciation. The sediment package, consisting of white finely laminated silts and clays are overlain by coarse gravels, in turn overlain by dark silts and clays. Analysis of 63 sediment samples was inconclusive in terms of organic content, but indicated a higher degree of fine-grained calcite material in the white clays than in the overlying units. The caves with the white clays exist only within the footprint of Glacial Lake Schoharie, with lower elevation caves containing a thicker white clay sequence, a measure of the duration of lake cover. The sediment sequence represents glacial rock flour formed under stagnant lake conditions, overlain by outwash deposits emplaced during lake termination, and more recent sediment from soil-loss deposition.