Repetition is a ubiquitous compositional technique in Philip Glass's music. Repetition of specific gestures is used to mark regularly recurring structural points, which in turn affects the way a listener groups musical structures. The intent of this paper is to discuss grouping theories that have specific application to minimalist music, and to attempt to refine certain aspects of these theories, specifically those engaging the various functions of events within groups in terms of their roles as beginnings, middles and endings. Glass's Strung Out will be the principal analytical subject. Further implications of grouping functions of pitches are discussed in the concluding chapter, where memory and anticipation are seen to play a role in the listening experience, as a listener attempts to understand and appreciate the piece as a whole. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

The dependence of fracture strength upon the time of loading is commonly termed static fatigue or delayed failure. This has been attributed to the growth of subcritical flaws under stress. Hence the study of subcritical crack growth is important in predicting the life expectancy of a material when it is subjected to a stress. Subcritical crack growth of glass and glass-ceramics, at room temperature and in two different environments (toluene and water) was studied. Glass containing 17.8 wt% Li₂O - 82.2 wt% SiO₂ and crystallized glasses (glass-ceramics) were chosen. The double torsion technique was used to determine crack velocity at various stress intensity factors. It was shown that the slopes of the velocity-stress intensity factor diagrams for glass and glass-ceramics (having different volume fractions of crystalline phase) tested in water, remained constant. However, these plots shifted to the higher stress-intensity region, as the degree of crystallinity in the glass increased. The crack velocity-stress intensity factor plots of glass and glass-ceramics tested in toluene have shown a similar behaviour but the slope of these plots increased as the degree of crystallinity in the glass increased. A modification of the stress- corrosion model of Hillig and Charles²³ is proposed. Crack velocity data of glass and glass-ceramics tested in water agreed well with the proposed model. Crack velocity data of glass and glass-ceramics tested in toluene are discussed.in terms of the "lattice trapping theory". An equation is presented to predict.the life expectancy under stress of these materials from crack growth data. The transverse rupture test was used to determine the fracture strength of glass and glass-ceramics. These results have shown that the fracture strength of glass-ceramics is increased mainly due to the increase in the fracture surface energy. The critical stress intensity factor of glass-ceramics increases as the degree of crystallinity increases. The fracture surface. energy of these materials was calculated from the knowledge of the critical, stress intensity factor and it was shown that the fracture surface energy of glass-ceramics containing up to 0.5 volume fraction of. crystalline phase is related to the inter-particle spacing. This observation is further substantiated by fracto-graphic examination. The kinetics of crystallization of lithium disilicate from 17.8wt% Li₂0 - 82.2 wt % Si0₂ glass was studied by crystallizing this glass at 530°C for various lengths of time. It was shown that the crystallization of lithium disilicate is a diffusion controlled reaction. It was found that the diffusivity for this process is much lower than the diffusion coefficient of lithium ion. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Materials Engineering, Department of / Graduate

This thesis includes a basic discussion on the evolution and basic anatomy of the mid-century curtain wall through an analysis of early precedents and historic construction catalogues. Typical deterioration mechanisms are discussed, especially those specific to poor thermal performance. A basic discussion is included on the foundational principles of thermal patterns exhibited in fenestration systems, which leads the informed reader into the case study simulation discussions. The simulation studies were conducted with THERM and WINDOW software developed by the Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, which operates under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy for the purpose of advancing building science technology. The results of this study strongly suggest that poor envelope performance should not be categorized as an impossible obstacle – it is a technical issue that can be resolved through reasonably minimal interventions. The thermal simulations reveal substantial improvement over the existing baseline, and in many cases, exceed modern energy code. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

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Nourishing beaches and coastlines is a common practice in mitigating the effects of coastal erosion. Cullet, a geologically compatible aggregate, has been suggested for use in beach nourishment practices instead of dredged sands. The goal of this research is to assess the suitability of using of cullet to replace dredged sand as a nourishment aggregate and to educate the public about the potential uses for cullet as it relates to coastal erosion. The compatibility of cullet to natural quartz sand relies heavily on the comparison of physical characteristics of the grains and ecological compatibility, which compares the microorganisms that naturally exist on a sand grain to the microorganisms that occur on cullet in the same environment. Results show under the same environmental parameters, similar assemblages and amounts of microorganisms grow on both natural quartz and cullet substrates. Initial resistance to the concept of purposely putting broken glass onto a beach from coastal communities and their visitors is anticipated. An opinion survey to measure potential acceptance of the practice and to test the value of a hands-on educational program was conducted using both online and in-person platforms. These surveys will guide the development of an education program regarding mitigation of coastal erosion and the potential impacts of beach replenishment with cullet. Results show there is a concern regarding cullet in beach environments, but a hands-on learning approach may aide in acceptance. A comparison of sediment transport models that analyze the movement of a nourished shoreline and associated variables was conducted. This comparison determined a need for a model specifically accounting for morphological grain characteristics, the grains break down over time, and influences on the life of a nourishment project. The variables of importance include grain size evolution throughout the lifespan of a nourishment project, grain angularity, and composition relative to the native sediments of a nourished beach. Ambiguity of grain variables need further refinement with a forthcoming model. The biota and survey results show favor of cullet as a suitable beach fill material, however models including hardness and composition might contest the results related to project lifespans and overall suitability.

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