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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
351

Implicações do uso de recptores GPS de navegação sem conhecimento de suas limitações e configurações básicas /

Tragueta, Neiva Luciana, 1978- January 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Lincoln Gering Cardoso / Banca: Zacarias Xavier de Barros / Banca: Vilmar Antonio Rodrigues / Resumo: O Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS - Global Positioning System) permite o conhecimento da posição, via satélite, de localidades específicas como um ponto topográfico, um carro em movimento ou de uma pessoa caminhando. A precisão do posicionamento pode variar, já que ela está diretamente relacionada ao tipo de receptor utilizado e aos objetivos em questão. Os receptores de navegação, por apresentarem menos precisão, são normalmente utilizados na obtenção de dados aproximados, que não exigem a mesma acurácia dos receptores topográficos ou geodésicos. No entanto, diante da existência de diferentes elipsóides para diferentes regiões do globo terrestre, admitiu-se a hipótese de que a configuração de um elipsóide inadequado para nossas condições poderia provocar erros ainda maiores na determinação de um posicionamento. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho, tendo como principais objetivos avaliar, comparar e analisar o desempenho de seis receptores GPS de navegação idênticos com respeito ao cálculo de áreas, perímetros e afastamentos horizontais. Em função dos resultados obtidos, nas condições em que o trabalho foi conduzido, conclui-se que a utilização de receptor GPS de navegação sem conhecimento de suas limitações e configurações básicas, pode levar o usuário a considerar direções e distâncias incompatíveis com o trajeto pretendido ou demarcado. O usuário comum deve saber, no mínimo, que elipsóide está considerando. Quando comparados com o posicionamento real da área (receptor geodésico configurado para SAD 69), a utilização de receptor de navegação configurado para os elipsóides SAD 69, WGS 84 e Córrego Alegre apresentam deslocamento da área no sentido médio de 224º54'43", 225º10'51" e 206º04'24", respectivamente, com distância média de 67,49 m; 129,67 m e 90,57 m, respectivamente...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Global Positioning System allows the knowledge of the position, through satellite, of specific places as a topographical point, a car in movement or of a person walking. The precision of the positioning may vary, because it is directly related to the type of used receiver and to the objectives in subject. The navigation receivers, for present less precision, are usually used in the obtaining of approximate data, that don't demand accuracy compared to the topographical or geodesic receivers. However, in function of the existence of different ellipsoids for different regions of the earth, the hypothesis admitted was that the configuration of an inadequate ellipsoid for our conditions could still provoke big mistakes in the determination of a positioning. In this context, the present work was developed, having as main objectives to evaluate, to compare and to analyze the performance of six identical navigation GPS receivers with regard to the calculation of areas, perimeters and horizontal removals. In function of the obtained results, in the conditions in that the work was developed, it is ended that the use of navigation GPS receivers without knowledge of its limitations and basic configurations, it can take the user to consider directions and incompatible distances with the intended itinerary or demarcated. The common user should know, at least, what ellipsoid is considering. When compared with the real positioning of the area (geodesic receiver configured for SAD 69), the use of navigation receiver configured for the ellipsoids SAD 69, WGS 84 and Córrego Alegre present displacement of the area on the average sense of 224º54'43", 225º10'51" and 206º04'24", respectively, with on the average distance of 67,49 m; 129,67 m and 90,57 m, respectively. The area and perimeters values obtained by navigation GPS receivers, when compared to the area and perimeter obtained by geodesic...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre
352

Batalha do Jenipapo: Uma Modelagem em Realidade Virual

CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Antônio Alves de January 2003 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4658_1.pdf: 2718535 bytes, checksum: b7f907a6f3bf82eb253608479cddfaea (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para o desenvolvimento de conteúdo histórico para a Web utilizando diversas mídias e realidade virtual. A proposta desta metodologia inicia-se com uma investigação da expressividade de cada mídia, seguida de uma avaliação das alternativas disponíveis de ferramentas para sua criação e edição. As componentes de realidade virtual foram construídas procurando um equilíbrio entre realismo e leveza. A Batalha do Jenipapo foi escolhida como tema para validar a metodologia proposta, dadas a sua importância histórica e a mínima quantidade de material disponível na Web a seu respeito. Sendo que a paisagem onde esta batalha aconteceu ser ingrediente importante do evento, e que existe a possibilidade de descrever esse cenário utilizando realidade virtual, foi feita uma coleta de informações no campo utilizando GPS (Global Positioning System) para reconstruir de forma pictórica esse cenário. O cenário sintético assim construído descreve com boa fidelidade o cenário geográfico do evento. Dentre as diversas plataformas disponíveis para a construção de mundos virtuais na Internet, VRML (Virtual Reality Modelling Language) é analisada nos seus detalhes para, com ela, compor o mundo em questão. É feita uma coleta sistemática de informações sobre o evento de interesse: imagens, textos, fotografias do local, o modelo geográfico do cenário etc. que, depois de submetidas a uma triagem e preparação, são oferecidas no site de forma organizada, cronológica e intuitiva. O mundo virtual é construído de maneira a exibir um bom grau de realismo, mas sem que por isso a sua transferência e visualização demandem grandes recursos computacionais nem tempos de espera. A dinâmica do referido evento histórico é modelada com o uso de animações dos principais atores envolvidos no confronto. Os conteúdos de Realidade Virtual são validado com o uso de dois plug-ins diferentes: o VRMLViewer e o Cortona. A metodologia do desenvolvimento deste site poderá facilitar o desenvolvimento de outros sites históricos análogos
353

Avaliação de desempenho de aparelhos receptores GPS / Evaluation of acting of GPS receivers

Silveira, Augusto Cesar da, 1973- 20 February 2004 (has links)
Orientador: Nelson Luis Cappelli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T12:22:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silveira_AugustoCesarda_M.pdf: 3377004 bytes, checksum: d130ae6a3461f29b10825e5e08012c66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como principais objetivos: avaliar, comparar e analisar os diferentes aparelhos de GPS, levando-se em conta as diversas categorias, seus desempenhos com respeito a seus índices de acurácia e precisão, podendo assim, analisar os custos dos aparelhos em função dos índices de desempenho nos diversos modos de operação. Levando-se em conta que o sistema de posicionamento global por satélites (GPS) tem se tornado padrão no segmento da agricultura, baseou-se na significativa diferença de custo, acurácia e precisão entre os receptores GPS das categorias de navegação e de mapeamento e a imediatamente superior. A motivação deste trabalho deu-se, com a possibilidade de aumento do número de usuários no segmento agrícola, por meio da redução do custo dos sistemas de posicionamento e na necessidade de se conhecer a real acurácia e precisão dos receptores GPS em diversos modos de operação / Abstract: This work had as main objectives: evaluate, compare and analyze the different GPS devices, taking into account the several categories, their performance related to their accuracy and precision indicators, and in this way it may analyze the costs of devices in function of the performance indicators in the several ways of operation. Taking into account that the system of global position by satellites (GPS) has become a standard in the agriculture segment, it has been based in the significance cost, accuracy and precision differences among the GPS receptors of the navigation and the mapping categories and their immediate superior ones. The motivation of this work has been provided with the possibility of an increase of number of users in the agriculture segment through the reduction of costs of the mapping systems and the need to know the real accuracy and precision of the GPS receptors in the several ways of operation / Mestrado / Maquinas Agricolas / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
354

Análise espacial tridimensional e geoestatística de dados multi-fonte de superfície e subsolo aplicada à modelagem prospectiva de mineralizações auríferas no quadrilátero ferrífero-MG / Geophysical and geostatistical analysis of surface and underground muultisource data applied to prospectivity modelling of gold deposits in Quadrilátero Ferrífero - MG - Brazil

Guimarães, Fernando Rosa, 1972- 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T05:23:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guimaraes_FernandoRosa_D.pdf: 9327798 bytes, checksum: 1876a862078f6acfd997088341778183 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O Quadrilátero Ferrífero é uma das maiores províncias metalíferas do mundo e possui potencial aurífero exploratório considerável visto o grande número de minas que produzem, ou já produziram no passado, milhares de toneladas desse metal. Depósitos auríferos importantes como Mina Grande, Cuiabá e Raposos, considerados gigantes e de classe mundial, além de jazidas de menor porte (Faria, Bicalho, Engenho, D'água, Morro da Glória, etc.), hospedam-se na porção centro-norte do Supergrupo Rio das Velhas (Dorr 1969) e são conhecidas desde o início do século XVIII. Esta tese de Doutorado tem como tema central o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de métodos quantitativos e qualitativos de mapeamento prospectivo tridimensional, que possibilita a seleção e a hierarquização de corpos auríferos potenciais tridimensionais durante programas de exploração mineral, reduzindo riscos e direcionando melhor a continuidade das investigações exploratórias. Além disso, demonstra-se que a aplicação de recursos geoestatísticos auxilia expressivamente o entendimento geológico de depósitos auríferos da província metalogenética do Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF), pode fornecer evidências de localizações espaciais de domínios auríferos enriquecidos, além de ajudar na quantificação de conteúdo metálico e na classificação de recursos minerais. Esta tese está organizada em um formato de dois desenvolvimentos distintos. O capítulo 1 denominado "Assinaturas Geoquímicas e Geofísicas de IP, Resistividade e EM de Depósitos Auríferos Mesotermais do Quadrilátero Ferrífero - Estudos de Caso: Depósito Lamego e Adjacências - Brasil" apresenta resultados de processos de inversão geofísica de levantamentos aéreo e terrestre (IP) que possibilitaram caracterizar as assinaturas dos corpos sulfetados conhecidos do depósito Lamego, além de estimar profundidades e extensões laterais de corpos condutores eletromagnéticos, resistivos e/ou geoelétricos neste depósito. A caracterização diferenciada dos sinais geofísicos de condutividade eletromagnética, efeito IP e resistividade definida no depósito Lamego, onde os controles com os corpos de minério conhecidos foram adequadamente compreendidos, auxiliaram na identificação e na localização de novas extensões de corpos potenciais nos alvos satélites denominados: São José, Biquinha, Bom Caminho e Sobradinho. Adicionalmente, um estudo complementar na região do depósito Morro de Glória foi desenvolvido, e modelos prospectivos fundamentados na integração e análise espacial tridimensional de dados multi-fonte, priorizando o uso de algoritmos avançados de lógica fuzzy e inversão geofísica, que auxiliaram na seleção e hierarquização de corpos auríferos potenciais neste depósito. O capítulo 2 denominado "Krigagem Ordinária e Simulação Condicional como Suporte na Estimativa, Categorização e Caracterização do Depósito de Ouro do Lamego - Quadrilátero Ferrífero - MG" apresenta um conjunto de procedimentos geoestatísticos utilizado para obtenção de uma estimativa quantitativa e qualitativa dos teores e volumes dos corpos de minério, que sustentam os números finais do conteúdo metálico do depósito Lamego e a sua categorização em termos de recurso mineral. Dentre os procedimentos utilizados destacam-se: (i) caracterização geológica e da modelagem tridimensional dos corpos de minério; (ii) caracterização do QA/QC utilizado, (iii) estudo exploratório da base de dados e ajuste e análise de variogramas direcionais; (iv) definição de efeito pepita; (v) definição dos parâmetros e aplicação da krigagem ordinária; (vi) validação da krigagem ordinária; (vii) classificação dos recursos baseado nos resultados obtidos na simulação condicional; (viii) análise de como os resultados geoestatísticos, pós validados, podem contribuir no aprimoramento do entendimento do depósito. O conjunto de procedimentos geoestatísticos desenvolvidos neste trabalho serviu não só como um importante experimento para a estimativa de teores e do conteúdo metálico do depósito aurífero Lamego, mas também para auxiliar na categorização dos recursos minerais e aprimorar o entendimento geológico e caracterização dos corpos de minério deste depósito / Abstract: The Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Iron Quadrangle) located in State of Minas Gerais is one of the largest metal bearing regions in the world. The region has considerable gold exploration potential. There are many mines which have produced thousands of tons of gold. Mina Grande, Cuiabá and Raposos are considered world class deposits. Other smaller deposits, including Faria, Bicalho, Engenho, D'água and Morro da Glória, are found in the central-northern area of the Rio das Velhas Supergroup (Dorr 1969). They have been known since the 18th century and are normally associated with a number of geological factors and "coincidences" which have occurred and have manifested in three dimensions. This thesis is organized in two distinct developments. The first Chapter "Geochemical and Geophysical Signatures of Induced Polarization, Resistivity and Electromagnetic Surveys of Orogenic Gold Deposits in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero - Case Studies in Lamego Deposit and Surrounding Targets, Minas Gerais, Brazil, presents data results of the geophysical inversion from data windows of the survey "Spectrem - Airborne Electromagnetic Survey-2002", along with resistivity and induced polarization (IP) ground surveys. The studies provide a characterization of the signatures of known sulphide bodies from Lamego's deposit and estimates the depth of possible lateral extensions of the electromagnetic, resistive and/or geoelectric conductive bodies in this deposit. This work describes the results of geological, geophysical, and geochemical research conducted in the region between the Lamego and Cuiabá deposits, starting with the methodological characterization, geophysical and geochemical signatures established for the Lamego deposit, aiming at a regional metallogenic analysis and assessment of the potential for locating similar gold deposits. The main objectives of this work is (i) to characterize the behavior of IP signatures, resistivity and air EM of the sulphide host rocks of the gold mineralization of the Lamego deposit, considering the three dimensional geological/geochemical modeling, aligned with the direct inversion process of each of the geophysical properties; (ii) to locate possible lateral extensions and at depth of potential sulphide bodies containing gold mineralization; (iii) to investigate, in depth, the continuity of soil and excavation anomalies through the geophysical sections, which help in locating gold deposits in the north-northwest region of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero; (iv) to characterize the methodological criteria for mineral exploration by IP geophysics and three dimensional integration of multi-source information; to appropriately employ the scheduling, configuration, and geophysical inversion methodology used in the Lamego deposit in target satellites to aid the exploration scheduling of surface drilling; to tabulate the main characteristics of geophysical signatures of all surveyed targets and deposits in order to understand the correlation with the different models of researched materials. Additionally, a complementary study applied on Morro da Glória deposit was carry out based on the integration and three dimensional spatial analysis of multi-source data and the use of fuzzy logic algorithms and geophysical inversion. The 3D integration of surface exploration data projected underground, together with geological and geochemical information, combined with geophysical inversion methods applied to electromagnetic data, support this study in the development of a model which has the potential to assist in finding and quantifying new three dimensional auriferous orebodies in Morro da Glória gold deposit, which is located near Belo Horizonte city. The second Chapter "Ordinary Kriging and Conditional Simulation to Support Quantitative Estimation, Characterization and Classification of the Lamego Gold Deposit - Quadrilátero Ferrífero - Brazil", presents geostatistical procedures which were used for quantitative estimation of grades and volumes of the orebodies and to support the final figures related to the metal content and classification of the Lamego gold deposit. The ordinary kriging was used in the estimation and Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGSIM) was used for accessing the uncertainties and guiding the classification of the Deposit. The main procedures used in this work are summarized as follow: (i) geological modeling of the mineralized orebodies; (ii) QA/AC characterization; (iii) exploration data analysis; variogram fitting and analysis; (iv) nugget effect definition; (v) definition of the ordinary kriging parameters; (vi) ordinary kriging validation and (vii) resource classification by SGSIM. Metallogenetical conclusions of Lamego deposit are presented based on geostatistical analysis and include the mean gold distribution of the horizontal volumetric panels indicates that gold grades are lower with increasing depth both in the Carruagem and Arco da Velha orebodies. Conversely, the mean gold distribution of the vertical volumetric panels indicates that gold grades slightly increase following the north direction. This feature can be associated with deformation episodes, which are coincident to the mineralizing hydrothermal fluid accumulation at those sites and/or associated to structural traps in the northern sectors of the aforementioned orebodies / Doutorado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Doutor em Ciências
355

Bodengestützte GPS Wasserdampf-Tomographie

Bender, Michael, Raabe, Armin 23 March 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Die Signale des Global Positioning Systems (GPS) ermöglichen nicht nur die präzise Positionsbestimmung an jedem Ort der Erde, sondern enthalten auch Informationen über den Wasserdampfgehalt der Atmosphäre. Aus diesen Informationen kann mit Hilfe tomographischer Verfahren die dreidimensionale Wasserdampfverteilung in der Troposphäre rekonstruiert werden. Dabei ist es von besonderem Interesse, wie zuverlässig die Wasserdampfverteilung alleine aus den Daten bodengestützter GPS-Netzwerke, d. h. ohne die Einbeziehung von Low Earth Orbitern (LEOs) oder von Wettersatelliten, bestimmt werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck werden GPS-Daten für unterschiedliche GPS-Netzwerke simuliert und auf ihre Eignung für eine tomographische Rekonstruktion untersucht. Besonders der Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl der Satelliten, der Stationsdichte und der in der tomographischen Rekonstruktion erreichbaren Auflösung ist dabei von großer Bedeutung. Aus diesem Grund erfolgt zunächst eine geometrische Bewertung der GPS-Eingangsdaten. Die Rekonstruktion eines 3D-Feldes und die dabei auftretenden Abweichungen zwischen dem originalen und dem rekonstruierten Feld werden abschließend an einem Beispiel dargestellt. / The signals of the global positioning system (GPS) can not only be used to obtain the precise position all over the world but carry also information about the water vapour distribution in the atmosphere. This 3D distribution can be reconstructed from the GPS data by means of tomographic techniques. Of special interest is the quality of the reconstructed 3D distribution using data from GPS ground stations alone, without regarding low earth orbiters (LEOs) and weather satellites. Therefore, GPS data have been simulated for different model networks. A subsequent data validation shows the correlation between the number of GPS satellites, the density of ground stations and the spatial resolution of the water vapour field which might be obtained from a tomographic reconstruction. Some selected data sets have been used to reconstruct a given 3D distribution and to analyse variations between the initial model field and the results obtained with different tomographic techniques.
356

A feasibility study into total electron content prediction using neural networks

Habarulema, John Bosco January 2008 (has links)
Global Positioning System (GPS) networks provide an opportunity to study the dynamics and continuous changes in the ionosphere by supplementing ionospheric measurements which are usually obtained by various techniques such as ionosondes, incoherent scatter radars and satellites. Total electron content (TEC) is one of the physical quantities that can be derived from GPS data, and provides an indication of ionospheric variability. This thesis presents a feasibility study for the development of a Neural Network (NN) based model for the prediction of South African GPS derived TEC. The South African GPS receiver network is operated and maintained by the Chief Directorate Surveys and Mapping (CDSM) in Cape Town, South Africa. Three South African locations were identified and used in the development of an input space and NN architecture for the model. The input space includes the day number (seasonal variation), hour (diurnal variation), sunspot number (measure of the solar activity), and magnetic index(measure of the magnetic activity). An attempt to study the effects of solar wind on TEC variability was carried out using the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) data and it is recommended that more study be done using low altitude satellite data. An analysis was done by comparing predicted NN TEC with TEC values from the IRI2001 version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), validating GPS TEC with ionosonde TEC (ITEC) and assessing the performance of the NN model during equinoxes and solstices. Results show that NNs predict GPS TEC more accurately than the IRI at South African GPS locations, but that more good quality GPS data is required before a truly representative empirical GPS TEC model can be released.
357

Verification of Ionospheric tomography using MIDAS over Grahamstown, South Africa

Katamzi, Zama Thobeka January 2008 (has links)
Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites and receivers are used to derive total electron content (TEC) from the time delay and phase advance of the radiowaves as they travels through the ionosphere. TEC is defined as the integralof the electron density along the satellite-receiver signal path. Electron densityprofiles can be determined from these TEC values using ionospheric tomographic inversion techniques such as Multi-Instrument Data Analysis System (MIDAS).This thesis reports on a study aimed at evaluating the suitability of ionospheric tomography as a tool to derive one-dimensional electron density profiles, using the MIDAS inversion algorithm over Grahamstown, South Africa (33.30◦S, 26.50◦E). The evaluation was done by using ionosonde data from the Louisvale (28.50◦S, 21.20◦E) and Madimbo (22.40◦S, 30.90◦E) stations to create empirical orthonormal functions (EOFs). These EOFs were used by MIDAS in the inversion process to describe the vertical variation of the electron density. Profiles derived from the MIDAS algorithm were compared with profiles obtained from the international Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2001 model and with ionosonde profiles from the Grahamstown ionosonde station. The optimised MIDAS profiles show a good agreement with the Grahamstown ionosonde profiles. The South African Bottomside Ionospheric Model (SABIM) was used to set the limits within which MIDAS was producing accurate peak electron density (NmF2) values and to define accuracy in this project, with the understanding that the national model (SABIM) is currently the best model for the Grahamstown region. Analysis show that MIDAS produces accurate results during the winter season, which had the lowest root mean square (rms) error of 0.37×1011[e/m3] and an approximately 86% chance of producing NmF2 closer to the actual NmF2 value than the national model SABIM. MIDAS was found to also produce accurate NmF2 values at 12h00 UT, where an approximately 88% chance of producing an accurate NmF2 value, which may deviate from the measured value by 0.72×1011[e/m3], was determined. In conclusion, ionospheric tomographic inversion techniques show promise in the reconstruction of electron density profiles over South Africa, and are worth pursuing further in the future.
358

A low-cost contactless micro-payment framework

Grimm, Nicholas Justin 30 June 2014 (has links)
M.Com. (Informatics) / This research has the aim of creating a low-cost, contactless, micro-payment framework to support micro-payments for the informal taxi industry in South Africa. The informal taxi industry is a prime example of an industry that needs simple and effective payments for low-cost services where the primary medium of payment is currently cash. Challenges of currently used are the security of cash, the difficulty for the taxi driver to collect cash, and the auditability of cash from the perspective of the taxi owner. Furthermore, the taxi owner does not know the routes the taxi travels or the petrol that is used by the taxi. Micro-payment transaction volumes are rapidly increasing due to consumer need for simple and effective payments for low-cost items and services. Micro-payment technologies are rapidly growing in popularity and demand, prompting the need for financial institutions to consider investment in the technology. Contactless technology, specifically near-field communication (NFC), is contributing to the exponential growth of micro-payments. Increasingly, consumers are not required to enter security information in order to perform transactions. By bringing a compatible card within range of a suitable reader, a transaction takes place with immediate effect, with little or no involvement from payment providers and financial institutions. Complementary wireless technologies such as GPS enable a multitude of applications by offering positional and speed information. Combining GPS technology with NFC enables contactless positional payment information to be accessible, to present a unique micro-payment concept. This dissertation presents M-Thinta, a low-cost contactless micro-payment model. The M-Thinta prototype demonstrates the real-world operation of the M-Thinta model. The prototype demonstrates that it is possible to create a functional low-cost, contactless micro-payment platform by combining a number of standard low-cost components.
359

Detecting, locating, and tracking mobile user within a wireless local area network

Shum, Chin Yiu 01 January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
360

A dual channel location estimation system for mobile computing

Chan, Ka Chun 01 January 2003 (has links)
No description available.

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