No description available.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-03T12:29:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Onofre Pereira Aurélio Neto - 2018.pdf: 12444183 bytes, checksum: 8d19ae06f16c288d567cca804d742989 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-03T13:22:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Onofre Pereira Aurélio Neto - 2018.pdf: 12444183 bytes, checksum: 8d19ae06f16c288d567cca804d742989 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T13:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Onofre Pereira Aurélio Neto - 2018.pdf: 12444183 bytes, checksum: 8d19ae06f16c288d567cca804d742989 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study is an analysis of Brazil's participation in the global meat market (beef, pork and chicken) and the emergence of Brazilian multinationals in the meatpacking sector, considering each stage of the internationalization process: national distribution, export, commercial offices, foreign production/distribution units and network organization. In this context, the study covers the JBS, Marfrig, Minerva and BRF case studies, and their trajectory from single location servicing national distribution to the multilocational expansion of these companies on a global scale. The study was based on bibliographic and documental research, with survey and treatment of secondary data, being the quantitative research allied with the case study and fieldwork in operational units (subsidiaries) in Brazil and abroad. In order to understand Brazil's competitiveness in relation to the production and export of meat as a commodity, it considers the logistics of exporting this product, identifying the means of transportation, ports and destination markets. Despite the bottlenecks within exportation logistics and the trade barriers faced by Brazilian products, it was found that Brazil is competitive in the international meat trade, with further potential to increase its participation in the global marketplace. To realize this potential, the country needs to reduce the operational obstacles inherent to internal logistics, through the creation of new export corridors and the deconcentration of ports. Despite being a so-called "global market," it has been found that this is a competitive environment, permeated by trade barriers that restrict access to commodities in some of the world's major markets. Some Brazilian companies in the meatpacking sector have opted to move forward in the internationalization process through direct foreign investment, acquiring operating units outside of Brazil, characterizing them as multinationals. As such, in the cases studied, the acquisitions and construction of overseas production units have been shown to form part of these companies' spatial strategy, to overcome trade barriers and increase operational revenue and their share in the world market. In turn, this network organization of Brazilian meat multinationals enables head offices to control their subsidiaries and favors the expansion of their operating markets, through establishing commercial contracts on a global scale. In this way, JBS, Marfrig, Minerva and BRF challenged the traditional order of the global economy and were able to compete directly with foreign companies in their own markets. In addition, these companies facilitated the integration between spaces which were otherwise considered disconnected, through their production and commercialization circuits. / Esta Tese analisa a participação do Brasil no mercado mundial de carnes (bovina, suína e de frango) e o surgimento das multinacionais brasileiras do setor frigorífico, de acordo com as etapas da internacionalização: territorialidade nacional, exportação, escritórios comerciais, unidades de produção/distribuição no território estrangeiro e a organização em rede. Assim, a pesquisa adentra no estudo de caso da JBS, Marfrig, Minerva e BRF, desde a simples localização e a territorialidade nacional até a multilocalização dessas empresas em escala global. O trabalho fundamentou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com levantamento e tratamento de dados secundários, sendo a pesquisa quantitativa aliada ao estudo de caso e trabalho de campo em unidades operacionais no Brasil e no exterior. Para compreender a competitividade do país em relação à produção e exportação da commodity carne, abordou-se a logística de exportação desse produto a partir do território brasileiro, com a identificação dos modais, dos portos e mercados de destino. Apesar dos gargalos existentes na logística de exportação e do produto nacional enfrentar barreiras comerciais, verificou-se que o Brasil apresenta competitividade no comércio internacional de carnes, tendo ainda potencial para ampliar a sua participação no mercado mundial. Para tanto, o país precisa diminuir os obstáculos operacionais existentes na logística interna, por meio da criação de novos corredores de exportação e da desconcentração de portos. Apesar da expressão “mercado mundial”, verificou-se que esse é um ambiente competitivo e permeado por barreiras comerciais que restringem o acesso de commodities em alguns dos principais mercados do mundo. Algumas empresas brasileiras do setor frigorífico optaram por avançar no processo de internacionalização com o investimento direto estrangeiro (IDE), adquirindo unidades operacionais fora do território nacional, o que as caracterizam como multinacionais. De tal modo, as aquisições e construções de unidades de produção (UP) no exterior revelaram-se como parte da estratégia espacial das empresas pesquisadas para driblar barreiras comerciais, aumentar a receita operacional e a participação no mercado mundial. Por sua vez, a organização em rede das multinacionais brasileiras da carne permite o controle das filias pela sede e favorece a expansão de seus mercados de atuação, com o estabelecimento de acordos comerciais em escala global. Deste modo, a JBS, Marfrig, Minerva e BRF desafiaram a ordem tradicional da economia mundial e passaram a concorrer diretamente com empresas estrangeiras em seus próprios mercados. Além disso, essas empresas promoveram a integração entre espaços aparentemente desconexos, por meios de circuitos de produção e comercialização.

Thesis is focused on online content testing for the purpose of optimizing the performance of business and information channels in a global environment, i.e. where visitors come from different countries. This diversity causes different behavior of visitors, for example as the American perception of the content is entirely different from the Brazilian and French. Different perceptions and consumer behavior is caused by a different national culture in these countries. Therefore it is necessary or appropriate to test content for the purpose of optimizing on the local level. The simplest option is obviously to run the same test for each country separately. But that is extremely difficult in practice because of the duration of the test and human resources needed for test design, implementation, and evaluation. Therefore the aim of this thesis is to suggest modification of the general method used for testing the online content that will be sufficient for testing on the local level and will take cultural differences of each country into account, but yet also will be effective in terms of time and human resources consumption. Currently there isn't any publicly documented method which would cover this issue. The key of this modification is the segmentation of countries into groups based on similar national culture. Therefore the value of national culture has to be identified in some way and for this purpose it is possible to use model of the Dutch Professor Geert Hofstede, who identified six dimensions of national culture for each country and assigned them values. The benefit of this thesis is described modification of the testing method which is particularly suitable for companies operating on the global market or multiple markets simultaneously. This method, if it's used properly, is able to deliver growth of revenue while simultaneously reducing the consumption of human resources.

Cette recherche traite de la vulnérabilité des paysans cotonniers au Burkina Faso face aux évolutions du marché et aux changements institutionnels de la filière. En effet, la filière coton a subi depuis une dizaine d'années une crise généralisée, dont la chute des prix fut le caractère le plus visible. Cette crise sans précédent est symptomatique du démantèlement des filières d'exportation, mises en place progressivement depuis la période coloniale, dans le cadre des politiques d'ajustement structurel. La filière coton étant reconnue comme un succès historique de développement agricole, ses difficultés actuelles sont donc un bon révélateur de l'impact du retrait des États et de la coopération internationale dans le secteur de l'agriculture. Les résultats s'appuient sur le traitement d'enquêtes par questionnaire menées auprès de paysans dans l'Est du Burkina Faso et sur la réalisation d'entretiens semi-directifs auprès des acteurs de la filière. Ces analyses de terrains sont ensuite confrontées aux stratégies de sortie de crise proposées par les sociétés cotonnières, l'Union des Producteurs de Coton Burkinabé et l'État. Cette échelle d'analyse est intégrée dans une étude à différentes échelles, de la région, au marché global en passant par l'État. Cette approche multi-scalaire originale est la seule capable de mettre en relation efficacement les conclusions fondées sur niveau unique d'analyse. Les conclusions montrent que le devenir de la filière coton et la stabilité des régions concernées dépendent de l'action des producteurs, des États et de la coopération internationale en faveur de l'agriculture familiale. Enfin, ce travail souligne l'intérêt de l'approche géographique qui intègre l'emboîtement des échelles en tant qu'élément majeur de la pérennité des filières agricoles dans les pays en voie de développement. / The aim of this Phd is to understand the vulnerability of Burkina Faso’s cotton farmers confronted to the current market and institutional changes in this economic sector. Indeed, the cotton industry has gone through a generalized crisis over the last decade – the fall in prices being the most tangible outward sign. Such an unprecedented crisis is symptomatic of the dismantling of export channels that have been introduced ever since the colonial period, under the pressure of structural adjustment policies. The cotton industry being generally acknowledged as a historical success of agricultural development, its current difficulties testify to the direct consequences of the withdrawal of both States and international cooperation from the agricultural sector. Results are based on the treatment of questionnaire surveys conducted among farmers in Eastern Burkina Faso and on half-directed interviews with all the industry participants. These field surveys are then contrasted with the strategies propounded by the cotton companies, the National Union of Burkinabe Cotton Producers and the government itself to get out of the crisis. This scale of analysis is integrated, through a multi-leveled study of the region, to the global market through the state. This multi-scalar, original approach is the only one likely to draw a productive connection between the several approaches based on a single level of analysis. Conclusions establish that the future of the cotton sector, and the stability of the area, depend on the joint actions of producers, State and international cooperation to support family farming. Finally, this study also demonstrates the interest of a geographical approach incorporating different scales of analysis as a major element of the sustainability of agricultural industries in developing countries.

The object of this research was to develop an international market screening methodology which selects highly attractive markets, allowing for the ranges in diversity amongst organisations, countries and products. Conventional business thought is that, every two to five years, dynamic organisations which conduct business internationally should decide which additional foreign market or markets to next enter. If they are internationally inexperienced, this will be their first market; if they are experienced, it might be, say, their 100th market. How should each organisation select their next international market? One previous attempt has been made to quantitatively test which decision variables, and what weights, should be used when choosing between the 230 countries of the world. The literature indicate that a well-informed selection decision could consider over 150 variables that measure aspects of each foreign market's economic, political, legal, cultural, technical and physical environments. Additionally, attributes of the organisation have not been considered when selecting the most attractive short-list of markets. The findings presented in the dissertation are that 30 criteria accounted for 95 per cent of variance at cross-classification rates of 95 per cent. The weights of each variable, and the markets selected statistically as being the most attractive, were found to vary with the capabilities, goals and values of the organisation. This frequently means that different countries will be best for different organisations selling the same product. A