Abstract The research question we wish to investigate is the degree to which different countries with differing levels of NSI strength and weakness cope in mitigating some of the adverse impacts of the recession. In general during the recession confidence declines or what Keynes calls the „animal spirit‟. Creative destruction is heightened as firms destroyed need to find other ways of recreating their economic activities. Exports and imports change. Investment from abroad declines and consumers afraid of the recession save or even hoard. Such a state is likely to impact those who are absorbing FDI and exporting to the heartland of the current recession which is the US market. China and India both export mainly hardware and software related goods and services respectively to this market where reduction in demand has resulted in company closures and unemployment. Even free trade has been challenged with protectionist and nationalist rhetoric on the rise during this recession. Given a recession that has affected the entire world economy and its constituent parts, both the way the recession impacts on different national economies and the ability of national economies to mitigate the recession are likely to be different. This paper concentrates on the latter not on the former per se. We examine what mitigating capability different national innovation systems have in relation to dealing with and responding to the current world financial and economic crises. The hypothesis we would like to test with descriptive comparative data is how far the relative strength or weakness of the NSI is capable of mitigating the adverse impact of the recession. We assume that that the nature and degree of impact of the recession across countries are likely to be different. In this paper we would like to take only the NSI factor in trying to account how such differences due to the individual characteristics of NSIs across different countries mitigate recessionary impact on given economies. For this, we propose to examine selected sectors from selected emerging economies such as China, India, Brazil and South Africa (BRICS excluding Russia) to estimate mitigating capabilities of different NSIs.

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The great recession of 2008-2010 has impacted the world's economy, which has begun with the sub-prime crisis in the US subprime mortgage market and subsequently spread to the world economy through the contagion effect. Moreover, the influence of the recession on the other nation's economy has been markedly differentiated, depending on their vulnerability to financial system problems (credit crunch, liquidity inflows). Some countries were hit very hard and experienced a drop in GDP, rising unemployment, etc. However, other countries were affected slightly, or the direct effects on them were not visible. Similarly, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries have experienced a very differentiated course of the crisis. As a result of the recession, economic policymakers have tightened financial supervision and regulatory frameworks. This study adopts seven Eastern and Central European Countries (Poland, including Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Lithuania and Bulgaria) and analyzes the effect of recession on the stock market of the selected countries. The relevant leading stock market indices of individual countries are adopted as an indicator of the development of the financial market. Monthly data for January 2000-May 2021 is used, and this period is further divided into two samples...

Tourism, Barbados's primary industry, declined substantially from the outset of the 2008 global recession, triggering an economic slump in the local economy. The purpose of this exploratory study was to explore the views of 20 Barbadian tourism executives regarding the ability of community-based tourism (CBT) to resuscitate Barbados's tourism industry. The participants included 10 from the government and 10 from the business sector; all possessed knowledge of CBT and worked with tourism for at least 10 years. Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation constituted the conceptual framework of this study. Participants were recruited by snowball and purposive sampling. Data were collected using an interview guide with semistructured interview questions, an audio recorder, and interview notes. The collected data were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis, which involved collating the most cited codes into potential themes and developing thematic maps. The major themes that emerged from the data analysis of the private sector included the use of CBT as a means to solidify social relationships among locals and tourists and its ability to encourage repeat vacations. The major themes that materialized from interviewing the government workers included the need for the education of residents regarding the importance of their roles as stakeholder participants and the obligation by the relevant officials to stem any potential for criminal activity that could occur through CBT implementation. Repeated vacations through CBT could give rise to positive social change in the island by generating increased foreign currency injections and improving the social well-being of Barbadians and the Barbados economy.

This thesis deals with the current global recession, its presentation in the media, and the public opinion on the economic situation in the Czech Republic. It is based on the theory of agenda-setting. Content analysis is used to examinate the intensity of attention of two different journals paid to the subject of the recession in the observed period September 2007 - December 2011, with a special focus on December 2008. The objects of the current study are two Czech nation-wide journals: the economic newspaper Hospodářské noviny and the tabloid newspaper Blesk. The study shows that the economic journal presents the recession more intensively, from a more general point of view, and questions the causes of the recession. The tabloid concentrates on the Czech Republic, writes about the recession primarily in the context of non-economical news (especially sport), and does not use the mechanisms typical for tabloids as much as expected. A secondary analysis of the outcomes of public opinion surveys examines the readerships of these journals separately. The economic expectations of the readers of the economic journal correspond with the intensity of attention paid by this journal to the recession, but only in the first half of the analysed period. The expectations of the tabloid readers correspond with...

The thesis describes and analyses the evolution of the Czech industry since the beginning of the economic transformation in 1990 till today and it forecasts it's likely further development. The chapter one presents a brief description of the Czech industrial sector in the 19th and the 20th centuries. The chapter n. 2 is dedicated to the evolution in 1980s, the last decade before the collapse of the centrally planned economy. The third chapter describes the transformation process in the beginning of the 1990s. It focuses on the privatization, which was the most important constituent of the economic transformation from the perspective of the Czech industry. Chapters n. 4 and 5 focus on the evolution and restructuration of the Czech industry in the 1990s and in the first decade of the new millennium. The biggest attention is paid to the international trade, foreign direct investments, industrial production, industrial workforce and changes of the industrial structure. Chapter n. 6 is devoted to the evolution in the past 1,5 year and it describes the evolution of the Czech industry in the context of the global economic recession. The last part of the thesis outlines the probable evolution of the Czech industry in the future.