Köln, Universiẗat, Diss., 2000.

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2008. / Bibliogr.: f. 66-79. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

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Two field studies were conducted to assess the potential benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation of elite strawberry plants on plant multiplication, and fruit yield, under typical nursery conditions, in particular soils classified as excessively rich in P. To study plant productivity, five commercially in vitro propagated elite strawberry cultivars ('Chambly', 'Glooscap', 'Joliette', 'Kent', and 'Sweet Charlie') were not inoculated with AM fungi or were inoculated with either a single species (Glomus intraradices), or a mixture of species (G. intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus etunicatum). AM inoculation was found to impact strawberry plant productivity in a soil with excessive P levels. The AM fungi introduced into the field by inoculated mother plants established a mycelial network in the soil through colonization of the daughter plant roots, however, persistence of colonization was determined to below (<12% in inoculated plant roots). In soils excessively rich in P, individual crop inoculation may be the only option for management of the symbiosis, as the host and non-host rotation crops, planted prior to strawberry production, had no effect on plant productivity or soil mycorrhizal potential. / To study the impact of AM inoculation on fruit production, three commercially grown strawberry cultivars (Glooscap, Joliette, and Kent) were not inoculated with AM fungi or were inoculated with either G. intraradices or G. mosseae. AM fungi impacted the fruit yield, with all inoculated cultivars producing more fruit than noninoculated cultivars during the first harvest year. The percentage of root colonization could not be used to explain the differences in total fruit yield during the first harvest year, or the increase in total fruit yield the second harvest year. / We wished to examine the effects of various P treatments on C metabolism within the intraradical mycelia (IRM) of the fungus. Specific primers were developed for the Glomus intraradices glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) gene. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was used to measure the gene expression of the G. intrarardices G6PDH gene in response to external P conditions of colonized transformed carrot roots. The results showed a significant down-regulation of G6PDH in the IRM of G. intraradices when cultures were grown in a high P (350 muM P) medium compared to those grown in the low P (35 muM P) medium. The down-regulation may suggest a reduction in the C flow from the host to the fungus. There was no effect on G6PDH expression following a two-hour incubation with additional P applications (No P, low P and high P).

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Thèse de doctorat : Sciences agronomiques : INPL : 2008. Thèse de doctorat : Sciences agronomiques : Université de Darmstadt : 2008. / Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the impact of mycorrhizal fungi on the growth parameters of model vegetable crops. As a model crops were selected Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculetnum Mill.). There were selected these three sorts of arbusko - mycorrhizal fungi to inoculate the medium were the crop seeds were sown: genus Glomus. Glomus claroideum BEG210, Glomus intraradices BEG140 a Glomus mosseae BEG95. The experiment that was conducted on this diploma thesis took place partially in the glasshouse as well as in the climate chamber, both in Horticulture Faculty in Lednice, Mendel University in Brno. The evaluation of treatment impacts was focused on the growth parameters such plant size, the width of the root collar and the leaf area of plants. Besides these parameters was also compared the plants 'weight. The results were statistically analyzed using STATISTICA 12 and are also included in the thesis. From the results we can conclude that the positive effect of mycorrhiza was reflected in both plant size and the weight of above-ground parts, which means an increase in fresh biomass. For these parameters, there were statistically significant differences in compare to control variation. Mycorrhizal treatment had also a positive effect on the growth of leaf area, and thus the photosynthetic apparatus of plants was increased. These results were supported by statistically significant differences compared to the control, as well. So this means that the mycorrhizal treatment has a very positive effect on plants.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can play an important role in the phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon (PH)-contaminated soil. However, little is known about the effects of AMF in combination with biostimulation via fertilization or bioaugmentation with hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms, during phytoremediation of PH in soils. This research evaluated the influence of the AMF Glomus intraradices and inorganic fertilization on growth and physiological responses of Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Passarel Plus during phytoremediation of soil contaminated with Arabian medium crude oil (ACO). Also determined was the interaction of AMF with the hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium, Sphingomonas paucimobilis EPA505 (Sp), and the filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans ATCC-36112 (Ce), on growth and selected physiological responses of L. multiflorum during phytoremediation of soil contaminated with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or ACO. This research provides evidence that AMF enhance the phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils when inoculated with L. multiflorum. The concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil was a determining factor of potential benefits of AMF on L. multiflorum. Low (3000 mg·kg-1) or high (15000 mg·kg-1) concentrations of ACO resulted in limited benefits of AMF on plant growth, physiology, and degradation of ACO in soil. However, when plants were exposed to an intermediate ACO concentration in soil (6000 mg·kg-1), AMF plants had enhanced growth, physiological responses, and greater ACO-degradation than non-AMF plants. The AMF symbiosis in roots of plants was observed at all concentrations of ACO-contaminated soil. This research is one of the first reports demonstrating the benefits of AMF on the degradation of benzo[a]pyrene or ACO, alone or in combination, with the hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms. Thus, AMF resulted in a beneficial synergism with the hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms, particularly during ACO-degradation in the rhizosphere of L. multiflorum. Hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms had no negative effects on AMF colonization.