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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

The Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-2 on Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Murine Intestinal Subepithelial Myofibroblasts

Leen, Jason 15 February 2010 (has links)
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a known secretory product of intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMF), is essential for the intestinotrophic effects of glucagon-like peptide-2(GLP-2). I hypothesized that GLP-2 increases the production of IGF-1 by primary murine ISEMF in culture. Immunocytochemistry showed that the ISEMF stained appropriately for α smooth muscle actin and vimentin but not for desmin. The ISEMF also expressed GLP-2 receptor and IGF-1 mRNA transcripts. ISEMF treated with GLP-2 revealed a maximal increase in IGF-1 mRNA transcript levels at 10-8 M GLP-2 and 2hr. Interestingly, immunoblotting revealed an increase in P-AKT/T-AKT with GLP-2, but no changes in cAMP, P-ERK/T-ERK or calcium were detected. PI3K inhibition and kinase-dead AKT over-expression abrogated GLP-2-induction of IGF-1 mRNA, and ISEMF from GLP-2R null mice demonstrated reductions in IGF-1 mRNA and cellular IGF-1, but not in media IGF-1, vs. wild-type ISEMF. These findings suggest a possible mechanism by which GLP-2 increases intestinal growth in-vivo.
12

O papel dos hormônios entéricos GLP-2 e serotonina no metabolismo ósseo de mulheres pós-menopausadas portadoras de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 / The role of enteric hormones GLP-2 and serotonina on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes

Laura da Silva Girão Lopes 11 August 2014 (has links)
O diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma doença metabólica associada a danos, disfunção e insuficiência de diversos órgãos, sendo a fragilidade óssea apontada por estudos recentes como também associada ao DM. Os mecanismos que justificam o maior risco de fraturas em diabéticos tipo 2 não são bem compreendidos. A influência do trato gastrointestinal e seus hormônios no remodelamento ósseo tem sido comprovada em animais e em indivíduos sadios, sendo o Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) e a serotonina hormônios com produção intestinal estimulada pela ingestão de nutrientes, existindo algumas evidências de que os mesmos têm efeitos no metabolismo ósseo. O presente estudo comparou a dinâmica dos marcadores ósseos, da serotonina e do GLP-2 em resposta à refeição mista em mulheres pósmenopausadas diabéticas em relação a controles não diabéticas. Foram incluídas 43 mulheres pós-menopausadas com densidade mineral óssea (DMO) reduzida, 23 com diabetes (grupo DM) e 20 controles (grupo CO). Depois do jejum de 12 horas, essas mulheres foram submetidas ao teste de refeição padrão, e as amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos tempos 0, 30, 60, 120 e 180 minutos para a dosagem de telopeptídeo C-terminal do colágeno tipo I sérico (CTX), osteocalcina (OC), GLP-2 e serotonina. O grupo DM apresentou maior índice de massa corporal, bem como maior densidade mineral óssea (DMO) de colo de fêmur e quadril. Nos tempos basais as mulheres diabéticas apresentaram concentrações plasmáticas de LH e FSH, bem como dos marcadores ósseos osteocalcina e CTX menores que no grupo CO. Em resposta a refeição padrão houve, em ambos os grupos, diminuição na concentração do CTX e da osteocalcina, e aumento na de GLP-2, sem alteração significativa da serotonina. A resposta do CTX à refeição foi menor no grupo DM, e a da serotonina maior no grupo CO em um único tempo do teste. Em relação a OC e ao GLP-2, não houve diferença entre os grupos avaliados ao longo do teste de refeição. As mulheres diabéticas tipo 2 tiveram maior DMO de fêmur. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que o remodelamento ósseo das mulheres diabéticas está alterado, com os marcadores ósseos reduzidos. A influência da ingestão de nutrientes na reabsorção óssea também foi alterada pela DM, não se reconhecendo nesse estudo qualquer papel do GLP-2 ou da serotonina na alteração do metabolismo ósseo em mulheres diabéticas tipo 2 / Type 2 diabetes mellitus is metabolic disease associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs; recent studies indicate that diabetes itself is associated with bone fragility. The mechanisms underlying the increased fracture risk in type 2 diabetes are not well understood. The influence of the gastrointestinal tract and its hormones in bone remodeling has been demonstrated in animals and in healthy subjects. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and serotonin are enteric hormones stimulated by nutrient intake, and there is some evidence that these hormones could have some effects on bone metabolism. We studied the dynamics of bone markers, serotonin and GLP- 2 in response to a mixed meal in diabetic postmenopausal women, in comparison with nondiabetic controls. 43 post-menopausal women with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) were enrolled, 23 with diabetes (DM group) and 20 normal control (CO group). After an overnight fast (12h), subjects were submitted to a standard meal test. Blood samples were drawn for C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide (CTX), osteocalcin (OC), GLP-2 and serotonin at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. The DM group had higher body mass index, and higher BMD of the femoral neck and hip. The basal values of of LH and FSH as well as the bone markers osteocalcin and CTX were lower in the DM group than in the CO group. After the standard meal test, there was a decrease in the concentration of CTX and osteocalcin, and an increase in GLP-2 in both groups. No changes in concentrations of serotonin were observed over the test meal. The response of the CTX meal was lower in the DM group, and the serotonin concentration was greater in the CO group in a single test time. In relation to e OC and GLP-2, there were no differences among the groups throughout the test meal. Type 2 diabetic women had higher bone mineral density (BMD) in the femur. Furthermore, the results suggest that the bone remodeling of diabetic women is altered, with their biochemical bone markers reduced. The influence of nutrient intake on bone resorption was also altered by DM, but in this study we could not recognize the role of GLP- 2 and serotonin in influencing the bone metabolism in type 2 diabetic

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