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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Purifica??o da glicerina bruta obtida a partir da transesterifica??o do ?leo de algod?o / Purifica??o da glicerina bruta obtida a partir da transesterifica??o do ?leo de algod?o

Ferreira, Marcionila de Oliveira 05 March 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcionilaOF.pdf: 1821227 bytes, checksum: 7929f8f8aee297af940f4df074b1c3bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The crude glycerine is a raw material that can be used in a wide variety of products. Even with all the impurities inherent in the process of being obtained, the crude glycerin is already in a marketable product. However, the market is much more favorable to the commercialization of purified glycerine. The glycerin is a byproduct gotten from the process of transesterification of waste oils and fats in the production of biodiesel. More recently, the deployment of the new Federal Law of Brazil, related to the implementation of energy resources, forces, from 2008, the increase of 2% biodiesel in diesel common with prospects for 5% (B5). Therefore, it is indispensable that new routes of purification as well as new markets are developed. The objective of this work was to purify, through ion exchange, the crude glycerin, obtained from the reaction of transesterification of cottonseed oil. The cottonseed oil was characterized as the fatty acid composition and physical-chemical properties. The process of ion exchange was conducted in batch. In this process were used strong cation, low anion resins and a mixed resin used to de-ionize water. The purified glycerin was characterized as the content of metals. Tests were performed with activated charcoal adsorption, and for this, it was made tests of time contact with coal as well as quantity of coal used. The time of activation, the amount of the activation solution, the contact time of the glycerol solution in resins, the amount and type of resin applied were evaluated. Considering the analysis made with activated charcoal, when the glycerin solution was treated using the resins individually it was observed that in the conditions for treatment with 10 g of resin, 5 hours of contact with each resin and 50 mL of glycerin solution, its conductivity decreased to a cationic resin, increased to the anionic resin and had a variable value with respect to resin mixed. In the treatment in series, there was a constant decrease in the conductivity of the solution of glycerin. Considering two types of treatment, in series and individually, the content of glycerol in glycerin pre-purified solution with the different resins varied from 12,46 to 29.51% (diluted solution). In analysis performed without the use of activated charcoal, the behavior of the conductivity of the solution of glycerin were similar to results for treatment with activated charcoal, both in series as individually. The solution of glycerin pre-purified had a glycerol content varying from 8.3 to 25.7% (diluted solution). In relation to pH, it had a behavior in accordance with the expected: acid for the glycerin solution treated with cationic resin, basic when the glycerin solution was treated with the anionic resin and neutral when treated with the mixed resin, independent of the kind of procedure used (with or without coal, resins individually or in series). In relation to the color of the glycerin pre-purified solution, the resin that showed the best result was the anionic (colorless), however this does not mean that the solution is more in pure glycerol. The chromatographic analysis of the solutions obtained after the passage through the resins indicated that the treatment was effective by the presence of only one component (glycerol), not considering the solvent of the analysis / A glicerina bruta ? uma mat?ria-prima que pode ser usada em uma ampla variedade de produtos. Mesmo com todas as impurezas inerentes ao processo de sua obten??o, a glicerina bruta j? se constitui em um subproduto vend?vel. Entretanto, o mercado ? muito mais favor?vel ? comercializa??o da glicerina purificada. A glicerina ? um subproduto resultante do processo de transesterifica??o de ?leos e gorduras residuais na produ??o do biodiesel. Mais recentemente, a implanta??o da nova Lei Federal do Brasil, relacionada ? aplica??o dos recursos energ?ticos, obriga, a partir de 2008, o acr?scimo de 2% de biodiesel no diesel comum com perspectivas para 5% (B5). Dessa forma, ? indispens?vel que novas rotas de purifica??o assim como novos mercados sejam desenvolvidos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi purificar, atrav?s da troca i?nica, a glicerina bruta obtida da rea??o de transesterifica??o do ?leo de algod?o. O ?leo de algod?o foi caracterizado quanto ? composi??o em ?cidos graxos e quanto ?s propriedades f?sico-qu?micas. O processo da troca i?nica foi conduzido em batelada. Foram utilizadas nesse processo as resinas cati?nica forte, ani?nica fraca e uma resina mista utilizada para deionizar ?gua. A glicerina purificada foi caracterizada quanto ao teor de metais. Foram realizados ensaios de adsor??o com carv?o ativado, e para isto, foram feitos ensaios de tempo de contato com carv?o ativado bem como quantidade de carv?o ativado utilizada. Foram avaliados: o tempo de ativa??o, a quantidade de solu??o de ativa??o, o tempo de contato da solu??o de glicerina nas resinas, a quantidade e tipo de resina aplicada. Considerando as an?lises feitas com carv?o ativado, quando a solu??o de glicerina foi tratada utilizando as resinas individualmente foi observado que, nas condi??es definidas para o tratamento com 10g de resina, 5 horas de contato com cada resina e 50 mL de solu??o de glicerina, sua condutividade diminuiu para a resina cati?nica, aumentou para a resina ani?nica e teve um valor vari?vel com rela??o a resina mista. No tratamento em s?rie, houve uma diminui??o constante da condutividade da solu??o de glicerina. Considerando os dois tipos de tratamento, em s?rie e individualmente, o teor de glicerol na solu??o de glicerina pr?-purificada com as diferentes resinas variou de 12,46 a 29,51% (solu??o dilu?da). Nas an?lises realizadas sem o uso do carv?o ativado, o comportamento da condutividade da solu??o de glicerina foi similar ao resultado para o tratamento com carv?o ativado, tanto em s?rie quanto individualmente. A solu??o de glicerina pr?-purificada teve um teor de glicerol variando de 8,3 a 25,7% (solu??o dilu?da). Com rela??o ao pH, este teve um comportamento de acordo com o esperado: ?cido para a solu??o de glicerina tratada com resina cati?nica, b?sico quando a solu??o de glicerina foi tratada com a resina ani?nica e neutro quando tratada com a resina mista, independente do tipo de procedimento utilizado (com ou sem carv?o ativado, resinas individualmente ou em s?rie). Com rela??o ? cor da solu??o de glicerina pr?-purificada, a resina que apresentou melhor resultado foi a ani?nica (incolor), no entanto isto n?o quer dizer que a solu??o estivesse mais pura em glicerol. A an?lise cromatogr?fica das solu??es obtidas ap?s a passagem pelas resinas indicou que o tratamento foi eficaz pela presen?a de somente um componente (glicerol), n?o considerando o solvente da an?lise

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