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Hui Heung-Hung, Natalie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-46). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / English version --- p.v / Chinese version --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Psychology of Goal Pursuit --- p.1 / The ABC Model of Goal Pursuit --- p.1-2 / Positive and Negative Affects --- p.2-3 / Goal Pursuit Behavior --- p.3-4 / Goal Importance --- p.4-5 / Personal and Social Goal Pursuits --- p.5-6 / Roles of Self-Regulation and Perceived Self-Efficacy --- p.6-7 / The Present Study --- p.7-8 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method / Participants --- p.9 / Measures --- p.9-11 / Procedure --- p.11-12 / Data Analyses --- p.12-16 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results / Descriptive Statistics and Correlations among Study Variables --- p.17-18 / Test of Concurrent Models --- p.18-21 / Test of Time-lagged Models --- p.21-24 / Individual Level of Analyses --- p.24-26 / Role of Personal and Social Goal Pursuit Progress Satisfactions in Subjective Weil-Being --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion / Empirical Support for the ABC Model of Goal Pursuit --- p.28-30 / Personal vs. Social Goal Pursuit --- p.30 / Mechanisms --- p.30-32 / Psychological Outcomes: Subjective Weil-Being --- p.32-34 / Personality Moderators --- p.34-35 / Future Research --- p.35-36 / Conclusion --- p.36-37

published_or_final_version / Educational Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Three theoretical models explaining reactivity in self-monitoring were examined including one cognitive-behavioral and two operant views. Each theoretical account was represented by the following self-monitoring conditions: (1) self-monitoring (Rachlin-operant recording response model), (2) self-monitoring and goal setting (Kanfer-cognitive-mediational model), (3) self-monitoring, goal setting and self-reinforcement (Nelson and Hayes-multiple cueing stimuli model), (4) goal setting and self-reinforcement (Kanfer-cognitive-mediational model), and (5) training only. The comparative effects of the five self-monitoring conditions on the dependent measure, verbal nonfluencies, were evaluated using a repeated measures analysis of covariance design with the pretest as covariate. Results of the study indicated that self-monitoring conditions containing a self-reinforcement component (i.e., conditions 3 and 4) produced the greatest reactivity. Moreover, the presence of reinforcement appeared to positively influence whether subjects reached their individually set goals for reducing nonfluencies. The vast majority of self-reported cognitions associated with the occurrence of the target behavior were independently judged to be neutral rather than self-reinforcing or self-punishing. The implications of this study for the role of external versus covert forms of reinforcement were discussed as well as the use of this technique in clinical practice.

Lack of physical activity in America is a major issue contributing to an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obese individuals. Goal setting and pedometers can be used to increase physical activity in inactive individuals. The primary purpose of the study was to investigate if inactive individuals can increase their physical activity by 2,000steps/day for 12 weeks with the use of pedometers and goal setting and examine if these motivational tools can help inactive individuals adhere to a long term increase in physical activity. Secondary purposes were to assess any changes in body composition, and blood pressure upon completion of the physical activity intervention and at follow-up and to investigate changes in self efficacy scores throughout the study.Pedometer measured physical activity (steps) was assessed at baseline, weekly during the 12 week physical activity intervention, and at the 24 week follow up. For the 12 week intervention, participants were asked to increase their physical activity by 2,000 steps/day from their baseline physical activity assessment. At each time frame, body composition,blood pressure and self —efficacy measurements were obtained.Thirty eight subjects (10 men, 28 women) started the study with 19 subjects (5 men, 14 women) completing the 12 week physical activity intervention. Fifty percent of participants completed (i.e., were compliant) the present study. However, only 6 individuals were capable of attaining their step goal for 75% of the 12 week (i.e., 9 of 12 weeks) physical activity intervention. Mean steps/day significantly increased from baseline to 12 weeks in individuals participating in the study. Following the physical activity intervention to the 24 week follow-up, mean steps/day significantly decreased. Significant improvements were found in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist circumference from baseline to 12 weeks. A significant decrease was found from baseline to 24 weeks in the resisting relapse questions (i.e., questions 1-5) on the exercise self efficacy questionnaire.In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the majority of individuals in the present study were not capable of increasing their physical activity by 2,000 steps/day through the use of goal setting with a pedometer. Individuals who do increase their physical activity experience improvements in body composition measurements. Therefore, more motivational tools should be investigated to increase physical activity. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

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Implementation intentions are defined as "if-then" plans specifying when, where, and how to conduct a goal-directed behavior, and have been found to be influential in facilitating goal pursuit. The underlying mechanisms of implementation intention effects are the heightened activation of the situational cues and the association between these cues and the corresponding reactions. Implementation intentions automatize the detection of environmental cues and the initiation of the corresponding behavior. Whether such automaticity of implementation intentions causes rigid behavior is the central issue concerned in the present studies. / In the first part of the thesis, three experimental studies investigated whether implementation intentions would interfere with the detection of and responses to alternative goal-related cues, and whether such effects would be moderated by the ambiguity between the cues specified in implementation intentions and the unplanned cues. I found that implementation intentions interfered with the detection of the alternative cues. I also found an unexpected effect of cue ambiguity, which indicated that implementation intentions would hinder not only the performance on the unplanned cues, but also the performance on the specified cues when there was a high level of ambiguity between these two categories of cues. / In the second part of the thesis, two experimental and two field studies investigated the effects of implementation intentions in multiple-goal settings. Despite the vast differences in design, the four studies on the effects of implementation intentions in multiple-goal settings consistently support the hypothesis that implementation intentions would interact with goal conflict in influencing the performance on the alternative goal (i.e., the goal being pursued simultaneously with the focal goal which has been furnished with implementation intentions). Results consistently revealed that the pursuit of the alternative goal was hampered by implementation intentions on the focal goal when these goals were in conflict, but was unaffected or even facilitated when no goal conflicts were involved. Implications of the results from these two sets of studies for the use of alternative means to reach a goal and the pursuit of multiple goals are discussed. / Zhang, Hong. / Adviser: Darius Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-11, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-95). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1981. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-141). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.