Sampling of soils and till are conventional methods of gold exploration in glaciated regions. However, the exact nature of the residence sites and behaviour of gold within soil and till are poorly known. A gold dispersion train extending from the Nickel Plate mine, Hedley, southwest British Columbia, was investigated in order to determine the distribution and behaviour of gold within soils developed from till. Three hundred and twelve soil, till and humus samples (representing LFH, A, B and C horizons) were collected from fifty-two soil pits and thirty-four roadcut locations within the dispersion train. Soil and till samples were sieved into four size fractions; the resultant -212 micron (-70 mesh) fraction of each sample was analysed for Au by FA-AAS. Humus samples were ground to -100 micron powder and analysed for Au by INAA. Based on the analytical results, each LFH, A, B and C horizon was subdivided into anomalous and background populations. Detailed size and density fraction analysis was carried out on soil profiles reflecting anomalous and background populations, and a mixed group of samples representing the overlap between both populations. Samples were sieved to six size fractions; three of the size fractions (-420+212, -212+106, -106+53 microns) were separated into two density fractions using methylene iodide and analysed for Au by FA-AAS. The Au content of the -53 micron fraction was analysed by FA-AAS and cyanide extraction - AAS. Results indicate that the Au content of soil profiles increase with depth while decreasing with distance from the minesite. Heavy mineral concentrates and the light mineral fraction Au abundances reveal that dilution by a factor of 3.5 occurs within the till over a distance of 800 metres. However, free gold within the heavy mineral fraction is both diluted and comminuted with distance. Recombination of size and density fractions indicate that the Au contents of each size fraction are equivalent; variation in Au abundance is not observed with a change in grain size. Seventy percent of the Au in the -53 micron fraction occurs as free gold. Chemical activity has not altered the composition of gold grains within the soil profiles. Compositional and morphological differences between gold grains are not indicative of glacial transport distance or location within the soil profile. Relative abundances of gold grains between sample locations can be used as an indicator of proximity to the minesite. The sampling medium with the best sample representivity and contrast between anomalous and background populations is the -53 micron (-270 mesh) fraction of the C horizon. Geochemical soil sampling programs in the vicinity of the Nickel Plate mine should collect a minimum mass of 370 grams of -2000 micron (-2 mm) soil fraction in order to obtain 30 grams of the -53 micron fraction. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

M.Ing. / Gold ore deposits are depleted near the surface of the earth and the remaining deposits are located at great depths of over 3000m. Geothermal energy will cause the ventilation air temperature to increase above 50°C, and therefore it must be cooled to an effective working temperature. The cost of providing acceptable air temperatures to the workers in the mine plays an important role in the feasibility of whether to proceed with a mining project. At present the air in South African gold mines is cooled by a number of processes including bulk air coolers and direct contact spray chambers. In all of the above mentioned processes large quantities of water need to be pumped into the mine where it is used as the cooling fluid to reduce the air temperature. One of the recent developments for cooling the ventilation air uses ice, produced on surface in large quantities and transported underground in conventional plastic piping. It is regarded as the most effective system for creating chilled cooling water. To create an even more effective process, the properties of a new coolant will be investigated. In the new process, ice is transported into the mine and then mixed with a brine solution. The presence of the salt in the brine creates a freezing point depression and an endothermic chemical reaction causing the temperature of the mixture to decrease well below zero degrees Celsius. This chilled brine solution will be used instead of water to decrease the temperature of the ventilation air. The aim of the project is to conduct an analytical and experimental evaluation by using ice and brine as the coolant. In the experimental investigation the coolant is pumped over a flat, multi-plate heat transfer surface where the air flow is maintained at a constant rate. This simplifies the mathematical modeling and gives useful relationships between the experimental results and the theoretical results.

A project report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering / The impact of TMMM on Environmental Engineering is pervasive in all aspects. More critical aspects have been evaluated to quantify their impact on air and refrigeration of a typical deep, hot gold mine. ( abbreviation abstract) / Andrew Chakane 2018

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science. / Phytoremeditation of mine tailings provides the most cost-effective means of alleviating their pollutant effects. Research has shown that successful revegetation of mine tailings can be optimised by providing appropriate microbial symbionts for the plants. The aim of this study was to assess the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status of trees currently being used for phytoremediation trials of mine tailings in the Welkom gold fields, and to determine the AM fungal diversity of these sites. The Acacia spp. analysed were growing on rehabilitated gold and uranium mine tailings which had undergone different rehabilitation regimes. Planted acacia trees which had been inoculated with crude AM fungal inocula were present on one mine tailing site as compared to the second mine tailing site on which the acacias were naturally colonisers and the site had been ameliorated with garden refuse. Root and slime samples were collected in early spring and half if each initial sample was used immediately for colonisation analysis and to identify AM fungi through molecular analysis of the small subunit rRNS gene sequences; the other half of each sample was used to produce trap cultures which were used later for colonisation and molecular analysis. Total AM fungal colonisation of initial samples for planted acacies was 19 % and for naturally colonising acacias was 66 %. The total AM fungal colonisation of trap culture samples for planted acacias increased to 32 % and for naturallhy colonising acacias it increased to 78 %. Spore counts of initial samples averaged 402 spores per 100 g-1 soil for planted acacias and 455 spores per 100 g-1 soil for naturally colonising acacias. For trap culture samples, spore counts decreased by approximately 50 %. The AM fungi identified fell within 8 genera, namely, Diversispora, Rhizophagus, Scutellospora, Claroideoglomus, Cetraspora, Sclerocystis, Glomus and Redecker. The study represents a first report utilising molecular biosystematics with AM fungal DNA from colonised roots as the template. The results will assist in making decisions about future AM fungal surveys and applying AM fungal inoculum in phytoremediation trials of mine waste sites. Key words: Phytoremediation, mine tailings, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Acacia, molecular identification, SSU rRNA gene sequence

No description available.

The object of this paper is a study of the geology and the commercial occurrence of gold on the Scotia Gold Property, number two. This study is based in part on field observations which the writer made during the summer 1937 under the auspices of the Canadian Geological Survey, and in part on laboratory investigations which are based on the study of both, the thin sections of rock and the polished opaque sections of the ore. The property or the company described in this report is situated in southeastern Manitoba, in the Rice Lake Mining Area, approximately 150 miles northeast of the city of Winnipeg and within ten miles of the Ontario-Manitoba boundary and in the Long-Lake-Beresford-Lake section. The group of claims comprising this gold prospect is located in Township 22, Range 16. East of the Principal Meridian, as shown in the index map (figure 1). The surrounding formations and including those found on the property are known as the gold-bearing quartz veins of the Beresford-Rice lakes area lying in the basins of the Manigotogan and Wanipigow rivers. This complex belt or sediments and volcanics is Pre-Cambrian in age and varies in width from two to ten miles and about fifty miles long. The rock formations immediately surrounding this greenstone belt are deep seated granite intrusives and in some places, have penetrated the basic complex and are now exposed as large granite bodies. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008 / This study primarily focuses on the factors that should be taken into account when developing Learning and Teaching Support Material (LTSM) to be used by FET Accounting educators to improve the results of their learners. In order to accomplish this aim, literature from published books, textbooks, guidelines and syllabi from the Department of Education, speeches and articles on the internet, interviews and questionnaires were used in capturing data to establish the essence of Accounting and Accounting principles, to determine the educational changes regarding the curriculum that were made and the influence of these changes on the Accounting syllabi for the FET phase, to identify the factors that hamper the improvement of FET Accounting results in schools and to identify, describe and analyse a curriculum and LTSM. A triangulation methodology was employed in this study where qualitative data (interviews) and quantitative data (questionnaires) were captured. Through the interviews with the Learning Facilitators of Accounting and questionnaires completed by Accounting educators, it became clear that a lack of LTSM exist in Accounting. Accounting educators indicated that they are in dire need of LTSM for the FET phase to be able to improve the results of their Accounting learners in tests and examinations.

M.Com. / The objective of this study was to address problems pertaining to the effectiveness of hostel representative structures within the mining industry. As part of the study, it was thought pertinent to interview hostel representatives themselves, in order to establish areas in which improvement could be made. The actual approach was to determine the roles and responsibilities of the hostel representatives and gain suggestions from hostel representatives themselves on the causes of inefficiencies of hostel representative structures. In addition, hostel accommodation preferences were determined; by identifying major functions of the hostel representatives, problems reducing their effectiveness, hostel structures which are more effective, and the reasons of their effectiveness. Views of management and representative structures were also determined; this was done by identifying the degree of trust in both mine and hostel management to look after the interests of the hostel representatives. In addition, effectiveness of various hostel representative groupings was determined. Different forms of worker representative structures on the mine were identified and discussed. The theoretical model of forms of worker participation was discussed to further assist in conceptually clarifying the wide field of worker participation. The actual results reported from this study seem to indicate that: hostel representatives' major functions are; disciplinary, communication, domestic, legal, dispute resolution and hostel management deputising functions. Problems that reduce the effectiveness of the hostel representatives were hostel intruders and undisciplined residents, lack of maintenance in the hostel, lack of protective clothing, mine management undermining of the hostel representatives, hostel committee's failure to follow constitution, a lack of promotional opportunities, power struggle union and management structures. In addition, having to consult with other representative structures caused delays in case settlement. Lack of remuneration of the hostel representatives reduced the effectiveness of the hostel representatives. Role conflict between underground work and representative role was also a hindrance to the hostel representatives. Failure of the hostel representatives to attend meetings was also a cause which reduced the effectiveness of the hostel representatives. The Tribal Prefect is considered as more effective than the Block Stewards, the Administration Assistants and the Hostel Committee Members. The Administration Assistants are perceived as most effective in looking after the interests of hostel employees than other hostel representatives.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (M Eng (Electrical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

Disease prevalence varies with geographic location. This research pursues a medical geographic perspective and examines the spatial variations in disease patterns between Obuasi, a gold mining town and Asankrangwa, a non gold mining town in Ghana, West Africa. Political ecology/economy and the human ecology frameworks are used to explain the prevalence of diseases. Mining alters the environment and allows disease causing pathogens and vectors to survive more freely than in other similar environments. Certain diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections, ear infections, sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS and syphilis, certain skin diseases and rheumatism and joint pains may have a higher prevalence in Obuasi when compared to Asankrangwa due to the mining in Obuasi.