Mineralische Abfälle, einschließlich nicht gefährlicher Bauabfälle sind der größte Abfallstrom nach Erreichen eines gewissen Urbanisierungsgrades eines Landes. Dieser Abfallstrom besitzt ein signifikantes Rohstoffpotential zum Ersatz von Primärrohstoffen. Obwohl ein Großteil der Bauabfälle wiederverwendet wird, dienen andere mineralische Materialien wie Aschen oder Schlacken bisher nur zur Verfüllung oder werden auf Deponien abgelagert. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist es, die Nutzbarkeit von Ersatzbaustoffen in höherwertigen Anwendungen, wie z.B. KBE-Konstruktionen zu eruieren. Ferner sollen Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Ersatzbaustoffen in Grüner Infrastruktur erprobt werden. Neben technischen und Umweltanforderungen ist die Materialbegrünbarkeit relevant. Das Untersuchungskonzept beinhaltet bodenmechanische Labortests sowie Begrünungsversuche an Ersatzbaustoffen. Im nächsten Schritt ist die Errichtung einer KBE-Konstruktion unter vollständiger Substitution der Primärbaustoffe geplant.

Santiago is the 7th largest major city of Latin America with almost 8 million inhabitants and is situated in a fairly closed watershed, surrounded on the eastern side by the high Andean mountain chain with altitudes of 5,000 m. From the Andean mountains, the Mapocho River and a set of large and small streams transport -often torrentially- water and sediment. In thirty years, Santiago has increased its size two fold, replacing previous agricultural lands, native forests and shrubs with urban land uses, and occupying rivers beds and streams. These land use and cover changes have had dramatic environmental consequences. The mentioned urban dynamic has produced a city in constant collision with the natural system. This structural disarticulation produces many environmental problems such as an increase in city’s surface and air temperatures, an accelerated disappearance of vegetation, a major interruption in wind, sediment and water flows, and finally, increasing people’s exposure to environmental hazards. Since streams, canals and rivers are structural components of Santiago’s landscape, they can function as key links between the urban-social and natural system and provide multiple ecosystem services, helping to reduce environmental problems and ensure long-term urban sustainability. Traditionally, the analysis of river and streamsides has been focused on rural and natural landscapes as well as on environmental protection and nature conservation. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest and necessity to understand the environmental status, functions and possibilities of riparian zones in urban environments in order to delineate and plan greenways, which provide social and ecological benefits. Green infrastructure such as urban greenways is a key component of sustainable cities. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the socio-ecological status of urban riparian zones and even fewer to assess these areas in terms of their potential as multifunctional greenways. New efforts should be conducted to develop analytical application-oriented frameworks in the green infrastructure field. This research elaborates and proposes a transferable conceptual-methodological framework for evaluating the potential for multifunctional riparian greenway development. An analytical application-oriented framework to assess the potential for multifunctional green infrastructure development is proposed by articulating and improving three analyses hitherto used separately: multicriteria, least cost path and opportunities-challenges. The Mapocho River was selected for the application and testing of the proposed conceptual-methodological framework to contribute to multifunctional green infrastructure planning in Santiago as a city representative of the structure and processes of megacities in Latin America. First, the main ecological and social characteristics of the Mapocho’s riparian zone are analyzed, making a synthesis of the socio-ecological status. Second, the suitability to provide multiple ecosystem services of the riparian zone is spatially explicitly modelled, first separately, as mono-functional suitability, and then, integrated into a multifunctional suitability evaluation. Third, the opportunities and challenges perceived by government actors are identified and analyzed as well as those derived from an institutional and regulatory analysis. Finally, the assessment phase concludes with a discussion on the main potential for the development of a greenway, resulting from the synthesis and integration of the most relevant findings of the suitability and opportunities analysis The socio-ecological status of the riparian zones is characterized by being highly altered in ecological terms, diverse in social terms, and highly used by the metropolitan transport infrastructure with a concentration of green areas in a few municipalities. This means that the riparian zone provides limited physical support for important social and ecological functions characteristic of these zones in urban environments: habitat, aesthetic, cooling, transport route and flood mitigation. The results reveal a significant east-west gradient in the socio-ecological status of riparian zone, which gradually decreases from east to west. The riparian zone of the Mapocho River in Santiago has good suitability as a wind corridor, providing a cooling effect and to mitigate flood hazards. The main challenges for the development of a multifunctional urban greenway in the Mapocho River corresponds to low levels of inter-jurisdictional and inter-sectoral coordination and cooperation, maintenance costs and the existence of urban highways in the zone. On the contrary, the main opportunities are the existence of important sectors of vacant land, increased political and social importance of urban green areas and the existence of a set of consolidated riparian parks. In synthesis, the assessment developed in the Mapocho River identifies the most important aspects to be considered and the greatest potentialities to capitalize in planning a multifunctional greenway along the Mapocho River. This is key when thinking about a possible master plan for the Mapocho River that returns the river to the city and values it as an axis for urban integration. The development of a multifunctional greenway in Santiago can considerably contribute to the social and ecological connectivity and thereby mitigate the socio-ecological segregation and disconnection characteristic of cities in the region. It may also contribute significantly to reconcile urban growth with ecological health and people’s quality of life, maintaining functions and key ecosystem services and mitigating the negative effects of urbanization.

Grüne Infrastruktur rückt immer stärker in den Fokus von Politik, Planung und Verwaltung. Der Nutzen einer geplanten, hochwertigen Stadtnatur liegt hierbei im Zentrum der planerisch fokussierten Diskussionen. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich den Anforderungen an ein geeignetes grundlegendes Monitoring des Stadtgrüns, welches für eine zielführende Planung unerlässlich ist. Weiterhin werden neben einer Übersicht über geeignete Indikatoren zur Bestimmung von Quantität und Qualität in der Grünversorgung Grenzen aufgezeigt, die sich nur durch die vertiefte Analyse kleinräumiger Grünelemente und durch die Verbindung mit sozio-ökonomischen wie auch räumlichen Variablen aufheben lassen. So ist es vor allem wichtig, die oft reine angebotsseitige Betrachtung der Grünversorgung um eine Nutzerperspektive zu erweitern. Nur wenn auch Anforderungen an Stadtgrün, Erreichbarkeiten, Überfüllungen und Präferenzen in die Analyse der Grünversorgung mit einbezogen werden, kann eine zu pauschale Bewertung umgangen werden und ein genaueres Bild dessen gezeichnet werden, was wir als grüne Infrastruktur bezeichnen.

Stadtklima ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil räumlicher Planung im Abwägungsprozess der Bauleitplanung und Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfungen. Die Stadtklimatologie identifiziert Problemfelder, sichert, entwickelt und stellt immissionsklimatisch relevante Flächennutzungsstrukturen wieder her, unter Berücksichtigung flächen-/objektbezogener Handlungsfelder. Hierbei bildet die Stadtklimatologie das Bindeglied zwischen den physikalischen Grundlagen/Prozessen des Stadtklimas und der Stadtplanung. Stadtklimaanalysen bzw. die daraus ableitbaren synthetischen Klimafunktions-/Planungshinweiskarten erlauben der Planung auf kommunaler Ebene wichtige klimatische Aspekte innerhalb ihres Handlungsrahmens aufzugreifen. Es entstehen unterschiedliche Handlungsfelder, die alle für sich eine bedeutende Wirkung auf den Raum nehmen können, jedoch nicht streng voneinander zu trennen sind, somit auch nicht getrennt voneinander betrachtet werden sollten. Spannende Anwendungsbeispiele aus dem Forschungsbereich der „grünen Infrastruktur“ sind u. a. die Silberlinde (Tilia tomentosa) oder auch die biogenen flüchtigen Kohlenwasserstoffe (BVOCs). Tilia tomentosa hebt sich von anderen urbanen Bäumen durch ihre Fähigkeit ab, die Blätter bei hoher solarer Einstrahlung drehen zu können. BVOCs können bei hochsommerlichen Wetterlagen zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung der Konzentration des bodennahen Ozons beitragen. Beide Ereignisse weisen ein enormes Handlungspotenzial sowohl aus lokalklimatischer, gesundheitlicher als auch planerischer Sicht auf.

Santiago is the 7th largest major city of Latin America with almost 8 million inhabitants and is situated in a fairly closed watershed, surrounded on the eastern side by the high Andean mountain chain with altitudes of 5,000 m. From the Andean mountains, the Mapocho River and a set of large and small streams transport -often torrentially- water and sediment. In thirty years, Santiago has increased its size two fold, replacing previous agricultural lands, native forests and shrubs with urban land uses, and occupying rivers beds and streams. These land use and cover changes have had dramatic environmental consequences. The mentioned urban dynamic has produced a city in constant collision with the natural system. This structural disarticulation produces many environmental problems such as an increase in city’s surface and air temperatures, an accelerated disappearance of vegetation, a major interruption in wind, sediment and water flows, and finally, increasing people’s exposure to environmental hazards. Since streams, canals and rivers are structural components of Santiago’s landscape, they can function as key links between the urban-social and natural system and provide multiple ecosystem services, helping to reduce environmental problems and ensure long-term urban sustainability. Traditionally, the analysis of river and streamsides has been focused on rural and natural landscapes as well as on environmental protection and nature conservation. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest and necessity to understand the environmental status, functions and possibilities of riparian zones in urban environments in order to delineate and plan greenways, which provide social and ecological benefits. Green infrastructure such as urban greenways is a key component of sustainable cities. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the socio-ecological status of urban riparian zones and even fewer to assess these areas in terms of their potential as multifunctional greenways. New efforts should be conducted to develop analytical application-oriented frameworks in the green infrastructure field. This research elaborates and proposes a transferable conceptual-methodological framework for evaluating the potential for multifunctional riparian greenway development. An analytical application-oriented framework to assess the potential for multifunctional green infrastructure development is proposed by articulating and improving three analyses hitherto used separately: multicriteria, least cost path and opportunities-challenges. The Mapocho River was selected for the application and testing of the proposed conceptual-methodological framework to contribute to multifunctional green infrastructure planning in Santiago as a city representative of the structure and processes of megacities in Latin America. First, the main ecological and social characteristics of the Mapocho’s riparian zone are analyzed, making a synthesis of the socio-ecological status. Second, the suitability to provide multiple ecosystem services of the riparian zone is spatially explicitly modelled, first separately, as mono-functional suitability, and then, integrated into a multifunctional suitability evaluation. Third, the opportunities and challenges perceived by government actors are identified and analyzed as well as those derived from an institutional and regulatory analysis. Finally, the assessment phase concludes with a discussion on the main potential for the development of a greenway, resulting from the synthesis and integration of the most relevant findings of the suitability and opportunities analysis The socio-ecological status of the riparian zones is characterized by being highly altered in ecological terms, diverse in social terms, and highly used by the metropolitan transport infrastructure with a concentration of green areas in a few municipalities. This means that the riparian zone provides limited physical support for important social and ecological functions characteristic of these zones in urban environments: habitat, aesthetic, cooling, transport route and flood mitigation. The results reveal a significant east-west gradient in the socio-ecological status of riparian zone, which gradually decreases from east to west. The riparian zone of the Mapocho River in Santiago has good suitability as a wind corridor, providing a cooling effect and to mitigate flood hazards. The main challenges for the development of a multifunctional urban greenway in the Mapocho River corresponds to low levels of inter-jurisdictional and inter-sectoral coordination and cooperation, maintenance costs and the existence of urban highways in the zone. On the contrary, the main opportunities are the existence of important sectors of vacant land, increased political and social importance of urban green areas and the existence of a set of consolidated riparian parks. In synthesis, the assessment developed in the Mapocho River identifies the most important aspects to be considered and the greatest potentialities to capitalize in planning a multifunctional greenway along the Mapocho River. This is key when thinking about a possible master plan for the Mapocho River that returns the river to the city and values it as an axis for urban integration. The development of a multifunctional greenway in Santiago can considerably contribute to the social and ecological connectivity and thereby mitigate the socio-ecological segregation and disconnection characteristic of cities in the region. It may also contribute significantly to reconcile urban growth with ecological health and people’s quality of life, maintaining functions and key ecosystem services and mitigating the negative effects of urbanization.

Große gesellschaftliche Transformationen sind langwierige und komplexe Prozesse, die zahlreiche Wissensbereiche auf der Mikro-, Meso- und Makroebene sowie ökologische, ökonomische und soziale Implikationen betreffen. Das herkömmliche Nachhaltigkeitsmonitoring strebt dabei im Sinne einer präzisen Zustandsbeschreibung oftmals vielzählige Detailinformationen an und arbeitet meist mit nebeneinanderstehenden Indikatoren. Die Interaktion zwischen den Einzelindikatoren – das wesentliche Charakteristikum komplexer Situationen – bleibt dabei mithin unberücksichtigt. Auf Basis der Cross-Impact-Bilanzanalyse werden mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag daher die wechselseitigen Bedingtheiten der Landnutzung am Beispiel der Region Stuttgart in den Blick genommen und zu Szenarien verdichtet.