• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Gradable adjectives and the semantics of locatives

Flieger, Johannes C. January 2009 (has links)
This dissertation develops a semantic model of gradable adjectives such as ‘tall’, ‘good’, ‘big’, ‘heavy’, etc., within a formal semantic theory of locatives we call Locative Structure Semantics (LSS). Our central hypothesis is that gradable adjectives are, semantically, a species of locative expression. The view of gradable adjectives as locatives is inspired by the vector-based semantic models of Vector Space Semantics (VSS), as well as the notion of perspective or point of view, as found in Leonard Talmy’s research on spatial expressions (Talmy [153]) and the tradition of Situation Semantics (cf. Barwise and Perry [9, p. 39]). Following Barwise and Seligman [11], we construe the contextual variability that characterises gradable adjectives in terms of shifts in cognitive perspective. We argue that perspectives are a formal part of a semantic representational structure that is shared by expressions from several different domains, which we refer to as a locative structure (L-structure). The notion of an L-structure is influenced by Reichenbach’s notion of tense, and can be thought of as a generalisation of the Reichenbachian notion of tense to the realm of concepts. Reichenbach [134] proposed that each temporal expression is associated with three time points: a speech point, S, an event point, E, and reference point, R, where E refers to the time point corresponding to the event described by the tensed clause, S is (usually) taken to be the speaker’s time of utterance, and R is a temporal reference point relevant to the utterance. In LSS we extend this tripartite scheme to locative expressions in general, to which we assign a ternary structure comprising a Perspective, a Figure, and a Ground, represented symbolically as P, F, and G, and which are generalisations of the Reichenbachian S, E, and R, respectively. We show that a formal semantics based on L-structures enables us to capture important crosscategorial similarities between gradable adjectives, tenses, and spatial prepositions.
2

Ad hoc stupňování "nestupňovatelných" adjektiv v češtině / Ad hoc gradation of "non-gradable" adjectives in Czech

Doischer, Tomáš January 2017 (has links)
There are some adjectives in language which sound strange to a native speaker in their graded form. Consider this sentence: "These pearls are more real than the real ones!" ("Tyhle perly jsou pravější než pravé!") How can they be more real? What does it even mean? I attempt to answer these and other questions in this paper. While the phenomenon of rarely graded adjectives may quite peripheral, it is nonetheless interesting and understanding it is important for the general understanding of adjective gradation. Adjectives such as real are traditionally considered non-gradable. However, as we can see from the example, that doesn't mean they can't be graded. The distinction between gradable and non-gradable adjectives apparently cannot be clear-cut. The goal of this paper is to describe this phenomenon, determine which properties rarely graded adjectives have and how they can be graded. I use data from a large corpus of written Czech (SYN v4) to find these adjectives and the way they are used. I employ both quantitative and qualitative methods to reach a comprehensive overview of rarely graded adjectives. I use statistical methods to find parameters specific for this type of adjective and semantic analysis to divide it into well-motivated categories. I also explain why they are graded only rarely, how...
3

Escalas no Guarani Paraguaio: uma análise do modificador de grau -pa / Scales in Paraguayan Guarani: an analysis of degree modifier - pa

Frutos, Lara 05 December 2011 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta uma análise semântica dos verbos e adjetivos do Guarani Paraguaio baseada nos pressupostos da Semântica Formal. Mais especificamente, este trabalho se propõe a analisar a interação de verbos e adjetivos com um morfema de grau da língua, a partícula . São analisados neste trabalho adjetivos, verbos e construções causativas com verbos deadjetivais a partir de suas possíveis leituras com o morfema . Demonstra-se aqui que o morfema funciona como um modificador da relação de predicação entre o adjetivo ou o evento e um argumento nominal. Essa relação está dada em termos de uma estrutura de graus, de acordo com a semântica escalar proposta por Kennedy (1999b) e Kennedy & McNally (2005). Essas teorias partem do pressuposto de que adjetivos mapeiam entidades em graus de estruturas abstratas de uma propriedade, as escalas, e por isso adjetivo contém uma variável de grau d em sua entrada lexical. Essa variável é quantificada através de um morfema de grau. Proponho aqui que além do modificador que satura a variável de grau dada no seu léxico, o adjetivo também pode receber um modificador de grau quando houver uma escala de quantidade, dada composicionalmente de acordo com o modelo de Bochnak (2010). Nesse sentido, não atuaria sobre a variável de grau dada pelo léxico do adjetivo, mas sobre uma escala de quantidade construída na sintaxe. Em relação a verbos, modificaria a relação de mapeamento do evento sobre entidades, medido por uma estrutura de graus. Uma das vantagens desta proposta é que isso permitiria que adjetivos fossem modificados simultaneamente por e outros modificadores de grau que atuam sobre a escala de intensidade de adjetivos, o que de fato ocorre na língua. Para sustentar minha hipótese de análise, apresento alguns dados do Guarani Paraguaio em que o morfema co-ocorre com outros intensificadores de grau. Em relação aos verbos deadjetivais, mostrarei que estes não possuem uma leitura atélica como os verbos deadjetivais do Inglês e do Português Brasileiro. Isso serve de evidência para concluir que não modifica a escala de propriedade dada pelo adjetivo formador do verbo, mas que atua no mapeamento do evento na estrutura de graus dada por seu argumento nominal. Em suma, este trabalho mostra que opera sempre sobre escalas de quantidade e nunca sobre a variável de grau do léxico de verbos e adjetivos. / This dissertation presents a semantic analysis of verbs and adjectives Paraguayan Guarani based on the assumptions of Formal Semantics. More precisely, this study aims to analyze the interaction of verbs and adjectives with the particle , a degree morpheme of the language studied here. In this dissertation, I analyze adjectives, verbs and causative constructions with deadjectival verbs and the possible readings of the modification of towards these predicates. It is shown here that the morpheme acts as a modifier of the relationship between the adjective or the event and a nominal argument. This relation is described in terms of a degree structure, according to the semantic of scales proposed by Kennedy (1999b) and Kennedy & McNally (2005). This theory is based on the assumption that adjectives map entities onto degrees of abstract structures of properties - the scales and, for this, adjectives have a degree argument in their lexical entry. The degree variable is saturated by a degree morpheme. I propose here that besides the modifier that saturates the degree variable of the lexicon, the adjective can also be modified by another degree modifier that operates on a quantity scale, which is compositionally given, according to Bochnak (2010). In this sense, does not saturate the degree variable given by the lexicon of the adjective or the verb, but it applies to a quantity scale that is built in syntax. Regarding verbs, modifies the mapping of the event onto entities, which is measured by a degree structure. One of the advantages of this account is that it allows that and other degree intensifiers modify adjectives simultaneously. And it actually happens in Guaraní. In order to support my analysis, I present some data of Paraguayan Guaraní that illustrate how combines to other degree modifiers. I also show that deadjectival verbs cannot have an atelic reading similar to Brazilian Portuguese and English deadjectival verbs. This is used as an evidence to point out that does not modify the property scale of the verb introduced by the adjective, but it only acts on the mapping of the event onto the degree structure of its nominal argument. In conclusion, this work shows that always operates on quantity scales and never on the degree variable of the lexicon of verbs and adjectives.
4

Escalas no Guarani Paraguaio: uma análise do modificador de grau -pa / Scales in Paraguayan Guarani: an analysis of degree modifier - pa

Lara Frutos 05 December 2011 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta uma análise semântica dos verbos e adjetivos do Guarani Paraguaio baseada nos pressupostos da Semântica Formal. Mais especificamente, este trabalho se propõe a analisar a interação de verbos e adjetivos com um morfema de grau da língua, a partícula . São analisados neste trabalho adjetivos, verbos e construções causativas com verbos deadjetivais a partir de suas possíveis leituras com o morfema . Demonstra-se aqui que o morfema funciona como um modificador da relação de predicação entre o adjetivo ou o evento e um argumento nominal. Essa relação está dada em termos de uma estrutura de graus, de acordo com a semântica escalar proposta por Kennedy (1999b) e Kennedy & McNally (2005). Essas teorias partem do pressuposto de que adjetivos mapeiam entidades em graus de estruturas abstratas de uma propriedade, as escalas, e por isso adjetivo contém uma variável de grau d em sua entrada lexical. Essa variável é quantificada através de um morfema de grau. Proponho aqui que além do modificador que satura a variável de grau dada no seu léxico, o adjetivo também pode receber um modificador de grau quando houver uma escala de quantidade, dada composicionalmente de acordo com o modelo de Bochnak (2010). Nesse sentido, não atuaria sobre a variável de grau dada pelo léxico do adjetivo, mas sobre uma escala de quantidade construída na sintaxe. Em relação a verbos, modificaria a relação de mapeamento do evento sobre entidades, medido por uma estrutura de graus. Uma das vantagens desta proposta é que isso permitiria que adjetivos fossem modificados simultaneamente por e outros modificadores de grau que atuam sobre a escala de intensidade de adjetivos, o que de fato ocorre na língua. Para sustentar minha hipótese de análise, apresento alguns dados do Guarani Paraguaio em que o morfema co-ocorre com outros intensificadores de grau. Em relação aos verbos deadjetivais, mostrarei que estes não possuem uma leitura atélica como os verbos deadjetivais do Inglês e do Português Brasileiro. Isso serve de evidência para concluir que não modifica a escala de propriedade dada pelo adjetivo formador do verbo, mas que atua no mapeamento do evento na estrutura de graus dada por seu argumento nominal. Em suma, este trabalho mostra que opera sempre sobre escalas de quantidade e nunca sobre a variável de grau do léxico de verbos e adjetivos. / This dissertation presents a semantic analysis of verbs and adjectives Paraguayan Guarani based on the assumptions of Formal Semantics. More precisely, this study aims to analyze the interaction of verbs and adjectives with the particle , a degree morpheme of the language studied here. In this dissertation, I analyze adjectives, verbs and causative constructions with deadjectival verbs and the possible readings of the modification of towards these predicates. It is shown here that the morpheme acts as a modifier of the relationship between the adjective or the event and a nominal argument. This relation is described in terms of a degree structure, according to the semantic of scales proposed by Kennedy (1999b) and Kennedy & McNally (2005). This theory is based on the assumption that adjectives map entities onto degrees of abstract structures of properties - the scales and, for this, adjectives have a degree argument in their lexical entry. The degree variable is saturated by a degree morpheme. I propose here that besides the modifier that saturates the degree variable of the lexicon, the adjective can also be modified by another degree modifier that operates on a quantity scale, which is compositionally given, according to Bochnak (2010). In this sense, does not saturate the degree variable given by the lexicon of the adjective or the verb, but it applies to a quantity scale that is built in syntax. Regarding verbs, modifies the mapping of the event onto entities, which is measured by a degree structure. One of the advantages of this account is that it allows that and other degree intensifiers modify adjectives simultaneously. And it actually happens in Guaraní. In order to support my analysis, I present some data of Paraguayan Guaraní that illustrate how combines to other degree modifiers. I also show that deadjectival verbs cannot have an atelic reading similar to Brazilian Portuguese and English deadjectival verbs. This is used as an evidence to point out that does not modify the property scale of the verb introduced by the adjective, but it only acts on the mapping of the event onto the degree structure of its nominal argument. In conclusion, this work shows that always operates on quantity scales and never on the degree variable of the lexicon of verbs and adjectives.

Page generated in 0.0489 seconds