<p>  </p> <p>Higher education has embedded systemic disadvantages for women within Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines. As a result, parenting women who pursue doctoral degrees in STEM fields face an uphill battle; yet the literature has given short shrift to the experiences of women who have children while training to become scientific professionals. This absence exists despite the fact that parenting is frequently an underlying theme in the literature on women’s decreased participation in STEM disciplines. Further, studies that do address parenting women’s experiences in higher education at large focus on individual characteristics and are limited by an emphasis on gender at the expense of other social inequalities. These inequalities have remained persistent and poorly understood. To re-imagine STEM higher education as an institution, it is necessary to understand the everyday social relations embedded within organizations that are a part of the institution. This institutional ethnography addresses these gaps. This study aimed to explore the social relations of the STEM higher education that shaped women’s experiences in STEM doctoral programs. Using Intersectionality and Inequality Regimes frameworks, this study examined women’s interactions with the institution, thereby providing a highly contextualized perspective on the STEM higher education institution. Data collection followed an emergent design with interviews with parenting women in STEM doctoral programs. Through these interviews, narrative events were identified that helped to isolate institutional processes that shaped their experiences. From there, data collection involved interviews with institutional informants and analysis of institutional texts (e.g., graduate handbooks, university policies). Data analysis followed narrative analytic methods using the Listening Guide, Labovian narrative analysis, and institutional ethnographic ruling relations mapping. Therein, three key studies from the data are shared. First, a narrative analysis with interpretation by Inequality Regimes showed how regimes of inequality shaped the experiences of two women who were pregnant and parenting while pursuing STEM doctorates. Second, an institutional ethnographic inquiry into the institutional relations that made up the lactation rooms and women’s interactions with them and revealed a decentralized organization that made accessing the spaces challenging for doctoral student women. And third, an institutional ethnographic analysis of women’s experiences with parental leave illustrated the lack of responsibility to ensure that students know about parental leave and could use the policy. Findings examine the institution’s organization around an ideal worker that many participants struggled to perform; this resulted in a diffuse and disorganized approach to policy and procedures for parenting women. Findings indicate that the neoliberal discourses in the institution shaped these experiences. The institution's masculine, white, classed nature results in it being insular to parenting women. While women persist within this environment, they face adversity emergent from the relations that make up the institution. I offer recommendations to improve gaps in consideration for parenting students, and a call to transform the overall institution to support parenting women at this critical juncture in their training. </p>

<p dir="ltr">Historically, teaching first-year composition has been integral to graduate education in English and writing studies (Latterell, 1996). However, as best practices for teaching writing evolve, so do practices for training graduate students to teach it. Graduate instructor training (GIT) now encompasses not only writing pedagogy education (WPE), but also professional development and mentoring for careers both in and outside of academia. To date, research has focused on GIT programs sited at institutions that house doctoral programs, leaving out most master’s-granting institutions, even though they are far more numerous and serve many students. These institutions serve student populations with varied career goals, especially now as the purpose of a master’s degree in English and writing studies is evolving (Strain & Potter, 2016). </p><p dir="ltr">I conducted a three-phase study designed to highlight graduate instructor training programs for first-year composition at master’s-granting institutions in the United States. In my first phase, I developed a database of all master’s-granting institutions with English and writing studies programs (476 institutions) utilizing NCES, Carnegie Classification, and publicly available website data. I then surveyed writing program administrators (WPAs) and other faculty in the programs (n=41) that employed graduate student instructors (GSIs), focusing on program conditions, the first-year composition course, and the responsibilities of GSIs. In phase three, I conducted interviews with faculty (n=13) to gain more insight on curricular and administrative choices within their institutional contexts. My results show that faculty design curricula, training, and mentoring prioritizing students’ needs. WPE serves as pedagogical preparation and as a site of disciplinary enculturation. Participants share a desire for more resources that focus on designing curricula and programs within limited institutional resources. Additionally, as a discipline we need more comprehensive methods for documenting programmatic practices.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / A presente dissertação tem como propósito geral discutir estratégias de ensino implantadas tanto na formação de profissionais de saúde de nível superior quanto de nível médio que utilizam como premissa a relação prática-teoria-prática. Estas estratégias têm ganhado posição de destaque nos debates atualmente traçados em prol da realização de mudanças na formação no campo da saúde. Inicialmente é apresentado o contexto em que surge esse movimento de mudança, suas principais críticas e princípios. Analisam-se as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos Cursos de Graduação em Saúde fazendo um paralelo com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Técnico área da saúde, apontando algumas de suas similaridades e particularidades. Relatam-se experiências de ensino no nível superior, a partir de textos levantados na base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), disponível no site da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde(BVS). Apresenta-se ainda uma discussão sobre os processos de ensino integrados a serviços de saúde, aprofundando a questão da inserção de alunos no serviço desde o início de seu curso universitário. São descritas nove experiências dessa inserção precoce, apresentando a ótica dos autores acerca dos principais obstáculos enfrentados e seus resultados. Em relação ao nível médio, é narrada a experiência pedagógica da Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio (EPSJV), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), e que visa realizar a integração entre os conteúdos abordados em sala de aula e a prática profissional. A EPSJV tem posição de destaque na produção de conhecimento acerca da formação de técnicos em saúde. Ao descrever e analisar esta experiência, tenta-se aproximar questões comuns ao nível superior e médio de formação de trabalhadores para o sistema de saúde. / The main purpose of this work is to discuss educational strategies currently used in Brazil at both under graduate and university health education. These strategies have as proposition the use of the ratio practice-theory-practice and are gradually gaining more space on the debates that battle to change the education on the health sector. Initially, the context in which this change activity emerges, its main critiques and principals are presented. An analyses of Brazil’s national curricular guideline concerning under graduate and university education to the health sector is made, pointing out its similarities and particularities. The educational experiences that take place at the university are reported based on articles brought up at a virtual Latin- American data base called Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), which its content is possible to access by a virtual health library home page called Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). The educational processes that take pace at health services are also discussed. At this matter, it is given emphasis on a strategy commonly called in Brazil as “early introduction”, in which students are taken to health services since their first year of graduation. Nine of these kinds of experiences are described, showing the authors vision concerning the main obstacles faced and their results. About under graduate education, the document presents the Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio’s (EPSJV), one of Fundação Oswaldo Cruz’s (FIOCRUZ) units, experience. The purpose of this strategy is to better integrate the contents approached during classes and the professional practice. This school in particular has a prominent status at the academic knowledge production involving under graduate education to the health sector. By describing and analyzing its experience, attempts to approximate the similarities between under graduate and university education of health workers to Brazil’s health system.