Even though there has been little agreement as to how the phenomenon of serialization is to be defined, it is generally assumed (i) that there is a close meaning dependency (of some kind) between the event descriptions serialized (serials hereafter), (ii) that the serials cannot be modified independently by such sentential operators as tense, aspect, mood, etc., and (iii) that these aspects of serialization are closely related to the fact that a serial construction refers to a `single event'.However, these assumptions have not been materialized into an explicit analysis of serialization. In particular, it has not been clearly accounted for how the concept of single event is attributed to the meaning dependencies between serials that are apparently so diverse as to defy a unique semantic characterization. Thus, in previous studies, the apparent heterogeneity of meaning dependencies has led to `fragmentation' of serialization into coordinating and subordinating types, and of the subordinating type, in turn, into a variety of lexically governed subtypes.This dissertation argues against such fragmentation and provides a unified semantic analysis of serialization, drawing on the philosophical discussions of event individuation and causation. Under my analysis, the sense of inseparable connection between serials is represented by a counterfactual dependency between them. The counterfactual dependency only entails that the first serial is necessarily related to the second, without specifying the nature of the necessary relatedness. Thus, the variety of meaning dependencies observed in the literature can be accommodated as particular instances of the counterfactual dependency.Moreover, the single event reading of serialization is attributed to the `counterfactual' dependency between serials: in virtue of the dependency, the serials are not identified independently of each other, and hence are construed as constituting a single event unit. A variety of structural constraints on serialization observed in the literature are then analyzed as natural consequences of the conceptual unity of the serialized events as a whole. / Department of English

No description available.

Thesis (M.A. (Linguistics))--Mahidol University, 1979.

Pillow & Flavell (1985) argue that the phrase 'look like' increases the tendency of young children to commit intellectual realism errors. The present study followed their procedures with the Block Arrays (which includes the Hidden Block task) and, in addition, included the identity task from a previous appearance-reality study by Flavell, Flavell & Green (1983). Forty-two three- and four-year-old preschoolers were presented with a variety of block arrays (Block Arrays task) and realistic-looking fake objects (Identity task) to observe. The subjects were tested on all of the stimulus items in one task before being tested on the second one. Half the subjects received the Block Arrays task first, half received the Identity task first. After the presentation of each array or object, the subject was asked a test question about its appearance while looking at it through a viewing tube. In the Look Like Condition, the test question included the words 'look like' and in the See Condition, the verb 'see' was used instead of 'look like'. If the subjects made any errors in the first condition (Look Like), they then received the second condition (See). No difference was found in the childrens' performance in the Hidden Block task but there was a difference in their performance in the Identity task. However, this difference cannot be attributed solely to the two wordings but rather to some interaction of task type and condition. Further analysis of the Look Like Condition revealed an Age-by-Task interaction in which the threes and fours performed differently in each task. A significant main effect for each of Task and Gender was also found in the Look Like Condition. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Thesis (M. A. (African Languages) --University of Limpopo,2005 / The study aimsat finding out thecategorical status of copulatives in Northern Sotho. This will be achieved by examining the morphosemantic features of various copulatives. From a morphological perspective, thestudy focuses on the following types ofcopulative verbs: ke, se, ba, le, na, and COP. The study argues that the foresaid copulatives are not particles but are fully-fledged verbs. As far as the semantic nature of the copulatives is concerned, the study discovered a variety of meanings associated with copulatives, such as the following: the identifying, descriptive,locational and associative. Lastly, the study contends that any research on the copulative in Northern Sotho should be a morphosemantic one, as previous studies focused on one and neglected the other.

Study to present a lexical-semantics analysis of two verbs in Xhosa. / Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / Study to present a lexical-semantics analysis of two verbs in Xhosa. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to present a lexical-semantics analyis of the verbs -phambuka and -jika in Xhosa. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the study as a whole, including reference to the aims of the research, the Theoretical Framework assumed and the organisation of the study. In Chapter 2, the Generative theory of the lexicon is reviewed. The multiple levels of representation of the different kinds of lexical information are discussed, including Argument structure, Event structure, Qualia structure and also the Lexical Inheritance structure. Chapter 3 presents a discussion of the polysemy of the verbs with reference to -phambuka. The polysemous behaviour of the verb -phambuka is examined with reference to sentence alternation constructions illustrating how the properties of the event structure of the verb changes in the alternations. Chapter 4 examines the polysemy of the verb -jika. The polysemous behaviour of the verb -jika is examined with reference to sentence alternation constructions that demonstrate the properties of the event structure of this verb in the respective alternations with AgentlTheme subject in contrast to Location-subject constructions. Chapter 5 presents a summary of the main findings and the conclusion of the study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelstelling van hierdie studie is om 'n leksikaal-semantiese analise te doen van die bewegingswerkwoorde -phambuka ('afdraai') en -jika ('draai') in Xhosa. Hoofstuk 1 bied 'n oorsig van die studie as geheel, insluitende die stel van die doelstellings van die studie, die teoretiese raamwerk wat aanvaar word, en die organisasie van die studie. In Hoofstuk 2, word die Generatiewe Leksikon Teorie behandel. Die veelvuldige vlakke van representasie vir die tipes semantiese inligting benodig, word ondersoek. Hierdie vlakke is naamlik die Argumentstruktuur, Gebeurtenisstruktuur ('Event structure'), Qualia struktuur, en Leksikale erfenisstruktuur. Hoofstuk 3 bied 'n bespreking van die polisemie van werkwoorde met verwysing na -phambuka in Xhosa. Die polisemiese gedrag van -phambuka word ondersoek met verwysing na alternasiekonstruksies, wat illustreer het hoe veranderings in die alternasies verband hou met gebeurtenis-struktuur eienskappe van die werkwoord. Hoofstuk 4 ondersoek die polisemie van die werkwoord -jika in Xhosa. Die polisemiese gedrag van die werkwoord -jika word ondersoek met verwysing na sinsalternasie konstruksies wat die eienskappe van gebeurtenis struktuur van die werkwoord illustreer in die respektiewelike alternasies met AgentrTema subjek, in teenstelling met Lokasie-subjek konstruksies. Hoofstuk 5 bied die hoofbevindinge en 'n opsomming van die studie.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with the lexical semantic analysis of motion verbs -za and -ya in Xhosa. In Chapter 1 the aim of the study is stated vividly. The characteristics and properties about the lexical semantic analysis of the verbs -za and -ya as well as the generative lexicon theory by Pustojovsky (1996) are discussed. The theoretical framework and the organisation of study are also discussed in this Chapter. In Chapter 2 we address in more detail the type for semantics. A generative theory of the lexicon includes multiple levels of representation for different types of lexical information needed. Amongst the levels there are structures such as Arguments, Event, Oualia and Inheritance structure. This structure of Oualia and the role they play in giving out the functional behaviour of words and phrases in composition is represented in more detail. Chapters 3 and 4 address the lexical semantic analysis of the verbs -za and -ya to account for the variety of selectional properties of the noun phrase subject argument of the verbs -za and -ya and the various interpretations that arises the terms of composition with its polysemous behaviour of the verbs -za and -ya are examined in sentence alternation constructions with respect to event structure characteristics. The lexical representation in terms of argument structures and the event structure of the verbs -za and -ya in different sentences and also explored. The different meanings of the lexicon in the different sentences are also explored. Chapter 5 is the conclusion, the critical analysis of the findings of all 4 Chapters in this study on lexical semantic analysis of the motion verbs -za and -ya in the Xhosa language. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die leksikaal semantiese eienskappe van die bewegingswerkwoorde -za en -ya in Xhosa. In hoofstuk een word die doelstelling van die studie uiteengesit. Die teorie van Generatiewe Leksikon van Pustejovsky word kortliks bepreek, wat die teoretiese raamwerk is van die studie. Laastens word die organisasie van die studie bespreek in hierdie hoofstuk. In hoofstuk 2 bespreek ons in groter besonderhede die model van Generatiewe Leksikon teorie. 'n Generatiewe teorie van die leksikon sluit in veelvuldige vlakke van representasie vir die verskillande tipes leksikalle inligting wat benodig word. Tussen die vlakke daar is strukture soos is Argumentstruktuur, Handeling struktuur, Qualia en die rol wat dit speel in die verspreidig van die funksionele gedrag van woorde en frases in kombinasie, word ook in meer besondere bespreek. Hoofstuk 3 en 4 ondersoek die leksikaal semantiese analise van die werkwoorde -za en -ya en die verskeidenheid interpretasies wat beskikbaar is vir -za en -ya in kombinasie met die komplement argumente daarvan. Die polisemiese gedrag van die werkwoorde - za en -ya word ondersoek in sinsalternasiekonstrukusies ten opsigte van die gebeurtenis struktuur. Die leksikale representasie in terme van argument struktuur en die gebeurtenis struktuur van die werkwoorde -za en -ya in verskillende sinne met verskillende seleksiekenwerke van die subjek, word ook ondersoek. Die verskillende representasis van -ya en -za leksikon vir verskillende sinne word ook ondersoek. Hoofstuk 5 bied 'n samevatting van die studie, en gee die vernaamste bevindings van die vorige hoofstukke van hierdie studie oor die leksikaal semantise analise van die werkwoorde -za en -ya in Xhosa.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the lexical semantics of the motion verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, jikeleza and -tyibilika in Xhosa. In Chapter 1 the aims of the study are stated. Properties about the lexical semantic analysis of the verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika as well as the generative lexicon theory posited by Pustejovsky (1996) are discussed. The theoretical framework as it relates to the analyses and the organisation of study are also outlined in this chapter. Chapter 2 addresses in more detail the type system for semantics. The generative theory of the lexicon postulated by Pustejovsky includes multiple levels of representation for different types of lexical information needed. Among such levels are argument structure, event structure, qualia structure and inheritance structure. Chapter 2 also represents in more detail the qualia structure and the role they play in distributing the functional behaviour of words and phrases in composition. Chapter 3 examines the lexical semantics of the verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika to account for the range of selectional properties of the NP subject arguments of the verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika and the various interpretations that arise in terms of composition with its complement arguments. The polysemous behaviour of the verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika is examined in sentence alternation construction with respect to event structure properties. The lexical representation in terms of argument structure and event structure of the verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika in different sentences is also investigated. Chapter 4 is the conclusion of the study, and presents a summary of the findings of the previous chapters on the lexical semantic analysis of the motion verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika in Xhosa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die leksikale semantiek van die bewegingswerkwoorde -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza en -tyibilika in Xhosa. In Hoofstuk 1 word die doelstellings van die studie uiteengesit. Eienskappe van die leksikaal-semantiese analise van die werkwoorde -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza en -tyibilika word bespreek. Die raamwerk van die Generatiewe Leksikon teorie, soos gepostuleer deur Pustejovsky (1996) word ook bespreek. Die teoretiese raamwerk en organisasie van die studie word ook in hierdie hoofstuk uit een gesit. Hoofstuk 2 behandel in meer besonderhede die teorie van Generatiewe Leksikon, in die besonder die semantiese tipe sisteem. Die Generatiewe teorie van die Leksikon soos ontwikkel deur Pustejovsky bevat veelvuldige vlakke van representasie vir die verskillende tipes leksikale inligting benodig. Hierdie vlakke sluit in: Argumentstruktuur, Gebeurtenisstruktuur, Oualiastruktuur, en Leksikale erwingstruktuur. Hoofstuk 2 gee ook 'n meer gedetaileerde oorsig van die Oualia struktuur en die rol wat dit speel in die funksionele gedrag van woorde en frases in komposisie met mekaar. Hoofstuk 3 ondersoek die leksikale semantiek van die werkwoorde -qengqeleka, - tshona, -jikeleza en -tyibilika om 'n verklaring te gee vir die verskeidenheid seleksiebeperkings van hierdie werkwoorde en die verskeidenheid interpretasies wat na vore kom in terme van die komposisie van hierdie werkwoorde met hulle komplement argumente. Die polisemiese gedrag van hierdie werkwoorde word verder ook ondersoek met betrekking tot die gebeurtenisstruktuur ('event structure') eienskappe daarvan. Die leksikale representasie in terme van argumentstruktuur en gebeurtenisstruktuur van die werkwoorde -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza en -tyibilika in verskillende sinne word ondersoek. Hoofstuk 4 is die konklusie van die studie, en bied 'n opsomming van die hoofbevindinge van die voorafgaande hoofstukke oor die leksikaal-semantiese analises van die bewegingswerkwoorde -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza en -tyibilika. / ISISHWANKATHELO Esi sifundo siphonononga uhlalutyo Iwesemantiki yelekhisikoni yezenzi zentshukumo - qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika. UMongo wesifundo uxeliwe kwisahluko 1. Iziphumo zohlalutyo Iwesemantiki yelekhisikoni yezenzi u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika ngokunjalo nengcingane yelekhisikoni evelisayo ngokuka Pustejovsky (1996) zixoxiwe. Ubume bengcingane kunye nolungiselelo Iwesifundo zikwaxoxiwe kwesi sahluko. Isahluko 2 siyila indlela emisiweyo yohlobo Iwesemantiki yethu. Ingcingane evelisayo yelekhisikoni iquka imigangatho emininzi yenkcazelo ngokwentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezifuna ulwazi Iwesemantiki. Eminye yale migangatho lulwakhiwo Iwe-adyumenti, ulwakhiwo Iwesiyaneko, ulwakhiwo Iwekhwaliya kunye nolwakhiwo loêalo. Isahluko 2 sikwabonisa ngokucace kakhulu ngolwakhiwo Iwekhwaliya ngendima edlaliweyo ekusasazeni impatho yomsebenzi wamagama namabinzana kwindibaniso. Isahluko 3 sivavanya uhlalutyo Iwesemantiki yelekhisikoni yezenzi u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika ngokwengcaciso yodweliso Iweempawu ezikhethiweyo zeadyumenti yebinzana lesibizo esiyintloko sezenzi u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika kunye notoliko olwahlukeneyo oluvela ngokwamagama endibaniso ngokweadyumenti yemfezekiso. Impatho yentsingiselo ezininzi zezenzi u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika ivavanyiwe kulwakhiwo lotshintshwano Iwezivakalisi ngokuhlomela iimpawu zolwakhiwo Iwesiganeko. Inkcazelo yelekhisikoni ngokwamagama olwakhiwo Iwe-adyumenti kunye nolwakhiwo Iwesiganeko sezenzi u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika kwiziVakalisi ezahlukeneyo zikwaphengululiwe. Isahluko 4 sisiqukumbelo, esishwankathela iziphumo zezahluko ezingaphambili kwesi sifundo kuhlalutyo Iwesemantiki yelekhisikoni yezenzi zentshukumo u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika kwisiXhosa.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the lexical semantic analysis of -bamba, -gcina and -Iondoloza. In chapter 1 the aim of the study is stated. Properties about the lexical semantic analysis of the verbs -bamba, -geina, and -Iondoloza as well as the generative lexicon theory by Pustejovsky (1996) are discussed. The theoretical framework and the organisation of study are also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 2 addresses in more detail the type system for semantics. A generative theory of the lexicon includes multiple levels of representation for different types of lexical information needed. Among such levels are Argument Structure, Event Structure, Qualia Structure and Leical Inheritance Structure. Chapter 2 also represents in more detail thé structure of qualia and the role they play in distributing the functional behaviour of words and phrases in composition. Chapter 3 examines the lexical semantic analysis of the verbs -bamba, -gcina and - londoloza to account for the range of selectional properties of the NP subject argument of these verbs, and the various interpretations that arise in terms of composition with their complement arguments. The polysemous behaviour of the verbs -bamba, -gcina and - londoloza are examined in sentence alternation constructions with respect to event structure properties. The lexical representation in terms of argument structure and the event structure of the verbs -bamba, -gcina and -Iondoloza in different sentences are also investigated. Chapter 4 is the conclusion, summarising the findings of all the previous chapters in this study on lexical semantic analysis of the 'hold' verbs -bamba, -gcina and -Iondoloza in Xhosa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die leksikaal-semantiese analise van die 'hou' werkwoorde - bamba, -gcina en -Iondoloza in Xhosa. In hoofstuk 1 word die doelstellings van die studie uiteengesit. Die teorie van Generatiewe Leksikon van Pustejovsky word ook kortliks bespreek, wat die teoretiese raamwerk is van di studie. Laastens word die organisasie van die studie bespreek. Hoofstuk 2 bespreek in grote besonderhede die model van Generatiewe Leksikon teorie. 'n Generatiewe teorie van die leksikon sluit in veelvuldige vlakke van representasie vir die verskillende tipes leksikale inligting wat benodig word. Hierdie vlakke van representasie sluit in die Argument struktuur, Gebeure ('Event') struktuur, Qualia struktuur en Leksikale Erf (Inheritance) struktuur. Hoofstuk 2 bied ook in meer detail die struktuur van qualia en die rol wat dit speel in die verspreiding van die funksionele gedrag van woorde en frases in kombinasie. Hoofstuk 3 ondersoek die leksikaal-semantiese analise van die werkwoorde -bamba, - gcina en -Iondoloza en die verskeidenheid interpretasies wat beskikbaar is vir hierdie werkwoorde in kombinasie met die komplement argument daarvan. Die polisemiese gedrag van die werkwoorde -bamba, -gcina en -Iondoloza word ondersoek in sinsalternasiekonstruksies ten opsigte van die gebeure ('event') struktuur. Die leksikale representasie in terme van argument struktuur en die gebeurestruktuur van hierdie werkwoorde in verskillende sinne met verskillende seleksiekenmerke van die subjek, word ook ondersoek. Hoofstuk 4 is die samevatting van die studie, wat 'n opsomming bied van die vernaamste bevindings van al die vorige hoofstukke van hierdie studie oor die leksikaal-semantiese analise van die werkwoorde -bamba, -gcina en -Iondoloza.