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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Selection-based Convolution for Irregular Images and Graph Data

Hart, David Marvin 25 May 2023 (has links) (PDF)
The field of Computer Vision continues to be revolutionized by advances in Convolutional Neural Networks. These networks are well suited for the regular grid structure of image data. However, there are many irregular image types that do not fit within such a framework, such as multi-view images, spherical images, superpixel representations, and texture maps for 3D meshes. These kinds of representations usually have specially designed networks that only operate and train on that unique form of data, thus requiring large datasets for each data domain. This dissertation aims to bridge the gap between standard convolutional networks and specialized ones. It proposes selection-based convolution. This technique operates on graph representations, giving it the flexibility to represent many irregular image domains, but maintains the spatially-oriented nature of an image convolution. Thus, it is possible to train a network on standard images, then use those same network weights for any kind graph-based representation. The effectiveness of this technique is evaluated on image types such as spherical images and 3D meshes for tasks such as segmentation and style transfer. Improvements to the selection mechanism through various forms of interpolation are also presented. Finally, this work demonstrates the generality of selection and its ability to be applied to various forms of graph networks and graph data, not just those specific to the image domain.
2

Imitation Learning on Branching Strategies for Branch and Bound Problems / Imitationsinlärning av Grenstrategier för Branch and Bound-Problem

Axén, Magnus January 2023 (has links)
A new branch of machine and deep learning models has evolved in constrained optimization, specifically in mixed integer programming problems (MIP). These models draw inspiration from earlier solver methods, primarily the heuristic, branch and bound. While utilizing the branch and bound framework, machine and deep learning models enhance either the computational efficiency or performance of the model. This thesis examines how imitating different variable selection strategies of classical MIP solvers behave on a state-of-the-art deep learning model. A recently developed deep learning algorithm is used in this thesis, which represents the branch and bound state as a bipartite graph. This graph serves as the input to a graph network model, which determines the variable in the MIP on which branching occurs. This thesis compares how imitating different classical branching strategies behaves on different algorithm outputs and, most importantly, time span. More specifically, this thesis conducts an empirical study on a MIP known as the facility location problem (FLP) and compares the different methods for imitation. This thesis shows that the deep learning algorithm can outperform the classical methods in terms of time span. More specifically, imitating the branching strategies resulting in small branch and bound trees give rise to a more rapid performance in finding the global optimum. Lastly, it is shown that a smaller embedding size in the network model is preferred for these instances when looking at the trade-off between variable selection and time cost. / En ny typ av maskin och djupinlärningsmodeller har utvecklats inom villkors optimering, specifikt för så kallade blandade heltalsproblem (MIP). Dessa modeller hämtar inspiration från tidigare lösningsmetoder, främst en heuristisk som kallas “branch and bound”. Genom att använda “branch and bound” ramverket förbättrar maskin och djupinlärningsmodeller antingen beräkningshastigheten eller prestandan hos modellen. Denna uppsats undersöker hur imitation av olika strategier för val av variabler från klassiska MIP-algoritmer beter sig på en modern djupinlärningsmodell. I denna uppsats används en nyligen utvecklad djupinlärningsalgoritm som representerar “branch and bound” tillståndet som en bipartit graf. Denna graf används som indata till en “graph network” modell som avgör vilken variabel i MIP-problemet som tas hänsyn till. Uppsatsen jämför hur imitation av olika klassiska “branching” strategier påverkar olika algoritmutgångar, framför allt, tidslängd. Mer specifikt utför denna uppsats en empirisk studie på ett MIP-problem som kallas för “facility location problem” (FLP) och jämför imitationen av de olika metoderna. I denna uppsats visas det att denna djupinlärningsalgoritm kan överträffa de klassiska metoderna när det gäller tidslängd. Mer specifikt ger imitation av “branching” strategier som resulterar i små “branch and bound” träd upphov till en snabbare prestation vid sökning av den globala optimala lösningen. Slutligen visas det att en mindre inbäddningsstorlek i nätverksmodellen föredras i dessa fall när man ser på avvägningen mellan val av variabler och tidskostnad.
3

Money Laundering Detection using Tree Boosting and Graph Learning Algorithms / Detektion av Penningtvätt med hjälp av Trädalgoritmer och Grafinlärningsalgoritmer

Frumerie, Rickard January 2021 (has links)
In this masters thesis we focused on using machine learning methods for detecting money laundering in financial transaction networks, in order to demonstrate that it can be used as a complement or instead of the more commonly used rule based systems. The graph learning method graph convolutional networks (GCN) has been a hot topic in the field since they were shown to scale well with data size back in 2018. However the typical GCN models cannot use edge features, which is why this thesis combines the GCN model with a node and edge neural network (NENN) in order to solve this problem. This new method will be compared towards an already established machine learning method for financial transactions, namely the tree boosting method (XGBoost). Because of confidentiality concerns for financial transactions data, the machine learning algorithms will be tested on two carefully constructed synthetically generated data sets, which from agent based simulations resembles real financial data. The results showed the viability and superiority of the new implementation of the GCN model with it being a preferable method for connectivly structured data, meaning that a transaction or account is analyzed in the context of its financial environment. On the other hand the XGBoost method showed better results when examining transactions independently. Hence it was more accurately able to find fraudulent and non fraudulent patterns from the transactional features themselves. / I detta examensarbete fokuserar vi på användandet av maskininlärningsmetoder för att detektera penningtvätt i finansiella transaktionsnätverk, med målet att demonstrera att dess kan användas som ett komplement till eller i stället för de mer vanligt använda regelbaserade systemen. Grafinlärningsmetoden \textit{graph convolutional networks} (GCN) som har varit ett hett ämne inom området sedan metoden under 2018 visades fungera bra för stora datamängder. Däremot kan inte en vanlig GCN-modell använda kantinformation, vilket är varför denna avhandling kombinerar GCN-modellen med \textit{node and edge neural networks} (NENN) för att mer effektivt detektera penningtvätt. Denna nya metod kommer att jämföras med en redan etablerad maskininlärningsmetod för finansiella transaktioner, nämligen \textit{tree boosting} (XGBoost). På grund av sekretessanledningar för finansiella transaktionsdata var maskininlärningsalgoritmerna testade på två noggrant konstruerade syntetiskt genererade datamängder som från agentbaserade simuleringar liknar riktiga finansiella data. Resultaten visade på applikationsmöjligheter och överlägsenhet för den nya implementationen av GCN-modellen vilken är att föredra för relationsstrukturerade data, det vill säga när transaktioner och konton analyseras i kontexten av deras finansiella omgivning. Å andra sidan visar XGBoost bättre resultat på att examinera transaktioner individuellt eftersom denna metod mer precist kan identifiera bedrägliga och icke-bedrägliga mönster från de transnationella funktionerna.

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