Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-21T17:33:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciussobreiralacerda.pdf: 3531215 bytes, checksum: 422eca8f67f53625eceb5e46317386f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:27:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciussobreiralacerda.pdf: 3531215 bytes, checksum: 422eca8f67f53625eceb5e46317386f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciussobreiralacerda.pdf: 3531215 bytes, checksum: 422eca8f67f53625eceb5e46317386f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Este trabalho aborda a análise, a modelagem matemática, o projeto e a simulação computacional de um sistema monofásico de aproveitamento fotovoltaico (PV) nãoisolado conectado à rede elétrica, em que se pretende sintetizar uma corrente de baixa distorção harmônica mantendo-se o ponto de máxima potência dos painéis. São avaliadas duas estruturas conversoras equivalentes, uma com dois estágios de processamento de energia e outra com apenas um estágio. Ambas as estruturas desempenham o papel de converter a energia CC dos painéis fotovoltaicos em energia CA, sob a forma de corrente elétrica de baixa distorção injetada na rede. Uma revisão sucinta dos modelos matemáticos de representação do comportamento termo-fotoelétrico do painel fotovoltaico (ou conjunto de painéis) é realizada, resultando na adaptação de uma das alternativas na forma de modelo numérico adaptado à ferramenta computacional PSIM. Algumas alternativas monofásicas de conversão CC-CA são elencadas neste trabalho, com destaque para o número de estágios de conversores, característica de isolamento e qualidade da energia injetada. Como base nesta análise, propõe-se um sistema composto por um conversor CCCC tipo buck operando em modo de condução contínua em alta frequência, em cascata com um inversor fonte de corrente (CSI) acionado na frequência da rede, para realização do aproveitamento fotovoltaico desejado. Amparado por ferramentas de integração de estágios de conversores, percebe-se que o conjunto de dois estágios pode ser arranjado em uma única etapa conversora baseada no inversor fonte de tensão (VSI). Ambas as propostas são modeladas, projetadas e simuladas no PSIM. A descrição teórico-matemática da planta PV, incluindo suas malhas de controle, é realizada. Com propósito de validação das concepções teóricas, tais sistemas são simulados, inicialmente, empregando-se elementos idealizadores e, em segundo momento, adotando-se um arranjo que inclui alguns componentes parasitas, sensores em escala real e o subcircuito do integrado UC3854. Os resultados numéricos, realizados para variações da irradiação solar e perturbações na tensão da rede, confirmam que o conceito proposto é factível, resultando em uma alternativa simples, compacta e possivelmente de baixo custo. / This work deals with the analysis, mathematical modeling, design and computer simulation of a single phase non-isolated photovoltaic (PV) system, which is connected to the electrical grid and is controlled to synthesize a low harmonic current while keeps the maximum power point of the panels. Two structures are evaluated, one with two stages of processing power and another with a single stage. Both structures converts DC power from solar panels into AC power, in the form of a low distortion electrical current to be injected into the grid. A brief review of PV panel mathematical models is performed, resulting in the adaptation of one alternative in the form of a numerical model oriented to the computational tool PSIM. Moreover, some alternatives to single-phase DC-AC conversion are listed in this work, highlighting the number of stages of inverters, isolation characteristic and quality of the power injected. To support this analysis, a two-stage system has been firstly studied, which is constituted of a buck converter operating in continuous conduction mode at high frequency, cascaded with a current source inverter (CSI) which works in the frequency of the grid. Using the integration of stages theory, the two stage system can be arranged into a single stage converter based on a voltage source inverter (VSI). Both proposals are modeled, designed and simulated in PSIM program. The theoretical and mathematical description of the PV plant, including its control loops, is presented. With the purpose of validation of the theoretical concepts, such systems are simulated, initially, using idealized elements, and then, adopting an arrangement that includes some parasitic components, sensors and full-scale integrated subcircuit of UC3854. The numerical results carried out for changes in solar radiation and mains voltage sags/swells, confirm that the proposed concept is feasible, resulting in a simple, compact and potentially low cost.

The dissertation presents a generalized control structure for two-stage power converters operated in a renewable energy power system for smart grid and micro grid systems. The generalized control structure is based on the two-loop average-mode-control technique, and created by reconstructing the conventional control structure and feedback configuration. It is broadly used for both dc-dc and dc-ac power conversion based on the two-stage converter architecture, while offering several functionalities required for renewable energy power systems. The generalized control structure improves the performance and reliability of renewable energy power systems with multiple functionalities required for consistent and reliable distributed power sources in the applications of the smart grid and micro grid system. The dissertation also presents a new modeling approach based on a modification of the subsystem-integration approach. The approach provides continuous-time small-signal models for all of two-stage power converters in a unified way. As a result, a modeling procedure is significantly reduced by treating a two-stage power converter as a single-stage with current sinking or sourcing. The difficulty of linearization caused by time-varying state variables is avoided with the use of the quasi-steady state concept. The generalized control structure and modeling approach are demonstrated using the two-stage dc-dc and dc-ac power conversion systems. A battery energy storage system with a thermoelectric source and a grid-connected power system with a photovoltaic source are examined. The large-signal averaged model and small-signal model are developed for the two demonstrated examples, respectively. Based on the modeling results, the control loops are designed by using frequency domain analysis. Various simulations and experimental tests are carried out to verify the compensator designs and to evaluate the generalized control structure performance. From the simulation and experimental results, it is clearly seen that the generalized control structure improves the performance of a battery energy storage system due to the unified control concept. The unified control concept eliminates transient over-voltage or over-current, extra energy losses, power quality issues, and complicated decision processes for multiple-mode control. It is also seen that the generalized control structure improves the performance of a single-phase grid-connected system through increased voltage control loop bandwidth of the active ripple current reduction scheme. As a result of the increased loop bandwidth, the transient overshoot or undershoot of the dc-link voltage are significantly reduced during dynamic load changes. / Ph. D.