In this research paper, review of world geothermal energy production and their capacity is shown. Here, a research is conducted to know the potential and possibility of geothermal energy in India. All the geothermal province with their geographical locations are shown and a brief calculation is conducted in order to show the potential of the particular province. As India is having the low temperature geothermal fields, binary geothermal plants are used for this analysis and results are calculated by using R134a as a working fluid at different temperatures. The results are sufficient to prove the potential of geothermal energy in India.  Importance of Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) and power savings by its contribution over traditional heating and cooling methods is shown statistically. 9 different states of India are divided by their climatic condition, severe winter and moderate winter to calculate the heat demand in those states. Also, for the cold demands these states are considered to be same as per the climatic situation in summer. Then, comparison is done between GSHP and the traditional heating and cooling systems. The result shows the drastic power saving by using GSHP for space heating as well as cooling, over electric heater and air conditioner respectively.

A ground source heat pump (GSHP) system utilizes a borehole heat exchanger to extract energy from the ground during the heating season and to deposit energy during the cooling season. This requires the drilling of an extended borehole, typically ranging from 100 to 200 meters in length, with a diameter of approximately 6 to 8 inches. Inside the borehole, a U-shaped tube is placed and surrounded by a grout that aids heat transfer between the tube and the surrounding soil. A heat transfer fluid, often a mixture of water and glycol, circulates through the tube to exchange heat with the ground. During the winter, the system draws energy from the ground for household space heating, while in the summer, when air conditioning is used, it expels energy from the house into the ground. In regions with heating-dominated climates, such as Canada, more energy is withdrawn from the ground during the winter than can be naturally restored during the summer. Consequently, the soil progressively cools over time, leading to reduced heat pump coefficient of performance and a decline in the overall system efficiency. This study explores a solution to this issue by integrating solar domestic hot water systems which employ solar thermal collectors to heat water for domestic purposes. These systems are relatively straightforward, consisting of solar thermal collectors, piping, pumps, a hot water tank, and controllers. The collector area is designed to deliver high solar fractions during the summer, but it typically exhibits lower efficiency in the winter. In Toronto, annual solar fraction, defined as the proportion of energy supplied by the solar thermal system to the total energy required by the load, typically range between 50-70%. This research aims to leverage solar thermal collectors for recharging the ground during the summer months. This approach enables the installation of larger collector areas, improving system performance in the winter, while simultaneously depositing excess energy into the ground during the summer. Notably, this study focuses on a single household located in Toronto, Canada, where the recommended solar thermal collector area is 10 square meters, and the borehole heat exchanger length is 150 meters. Also, it is assumed that four people are living in this house and required energy for heating and cooling of the house are 28000 and 7000 kWh per year, respectively. This approach offers a promising solution to balance seasonal heat transfer to the ground, mitigating the long-term decline in GSHP performance. The study demonstrates that by coupling the solar thermal system with the GSHP, the targeted outcomes are achievable. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Yes / The performance of Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems for domestic use is an increasing area of study in the UK. This paper examines the thermal performance of three bespoke shallow horizontal GSHP systems installed in newly built residential houses in the North of England against a control house which was fitted with a standard gas boiler. A total of 350 metres of High Density Polyethylene pipe with an external diameter of 40 mm was used for each house as a heat pump loop. The study investigated (i) the performance of a single loop horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger (GHE) against a double loop GHE and (ii) rainfall effects on heat extraction by comparing a system with an infiltration trench connected to roof drainage against a system without an infiltration trench above the ground loops. Parameters monitored for a full year from October 2013 to September 2014. Using the double GHE has shown an enhanced performance of up to 20% compared with single GHE. The infiltration trench is found to improve performance of the heat pumps; the double loop GHE system with an infiltration trench had a COP 5% higher than that of the double loop GHE system without a trench.

The UK government’s Carbon Plan-2011 aims for 80% carbon emission reduction by 2050, and the 2009 UK National Renewable Energy Action Plan has set a target of delivering 15% of total energy demand by renewable energy sources by 2020. Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems can play a critical role in reaching these goals within the building sector. Achieving such benefits relies on proper design, integration, installation, commissioning, and operation of these systems. This work seeks to provide evidence to improve the practices in design, installation and operations of large GSHP systems. This evidence has been based on collection and analysis of data from an operational large-scale GSHP system providing heating and cooling to a university building. The data set is of significance in that it is collected from a large-scale system incorporating fifty-six borehole heat exchangers and four heat pumps. The data has been collected at high frequency since the start of operation and for a period of three years. The borehole heat exchanger data is intended to form a reference data set for use by other workers in model validation studies. The ground thermal properties at the site have been estimated using a novel combination of numerical model and parameter estimation methods. The utility of the reference data set has been demonstrated through application in a validation study of a numerical borehole heat exchanger model. The system heat balances and power consumption data have firstly been analysed to derive a range of performance metrics such as Seasonal Performance Factors. Analysis has been carried out at the system and individual heat pump level. Annual performance has been found satisfactory overall. A series of analyses have been carried out to investigate the roles of circulating pump energy, control system operation and dynamic behaviour. Monitoring data from one of the heat pumps has also been analysed in further detail to make comparisons with manufacturer’s steady-state performance data and with consideration to variations in fluid properties. Some modest degradation from stated performance has been identified. The most significant operational factors accounting for degradation of overall system performance have been excessive pump energy demands and short cycling behaviour. Some faults in operation of the system during the monitoring period have also been identified. A series of recommendations are made as to ways to improve the design and operation of large-scale GSHP systems based on this evidence. These recommendations are chiefly concerned with better design for part-load operation, reduction in pump energy demands and more robust control systems.