Orientador: Maria Jaqueline Mamprim / Resumo: A leishmaniose visceral canina geralmente acomete órgãos do sistema mononuclear fagocitário, entretanto, há evidências de que possa lesionar outros órgãos. Pouco se sabe sobre a patogenia da doença na cavidade torácica. Ainda não há descrições radiológicas das alterações torácicas de cães leishmanióticos. O presente estudo realizou avaliação tomográfica em 35 cadáveres de cães positivos e sintomáticos para a doença. Foi possível confirmar linfadenomegalia esternal e visibilizar os linfonodos mediastinais e traqueobrônquicos. Todos os animais apresentaram opacificações do tipo vidro fosco no parênquima pulmonar. Também se observaram opacificações do tipo linear, nodular e banda parenquimal nos pulmões e, ainda, espessamento e dilatação brônquica. A análise histopatológica foi realizada em 13 pulmões e revelou infiltrado inflamatório em diferentes graus, edema, congestão, espessamento de septo alveolar e brônquios congestos. Tais alterações tomográficas e histopatológicas são semelhantes às descritas em humanos. A tomografia computadorizada se mostra uma ferramenta de grande valia para avaliação da cavidade torácica de cães acometidos pela leishmaniose visceral. O acometimento torácico pela leishmaniose visceral canina deve ser considerado em diagnósticos diferenciais quando se observam opacificações do tipo vidro fosco e lineares e linfadenomegalia em exames tomográficos do tórax de cães em áreas endêmicas. / Abstract: Canine visceral leishmaniasis usually affects organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system, however, there is evidence that it can damage other organs. Little is known about the pathogenesis of the disease in the chest cavity. There are still no radiological descriptions of the thoracic changes in leishmaniotic dogs. In this study computed tomography in 35 cadavers of dogs positive and symptomatic for the disease was performed. It was possible to confirm sternal lymphadenomegaly and to visualize the mediastinal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. All animals presented ground-glass opacifications in the lung parenchyma. Linear, nodular and parenchymal band opacifications were also observed in the lungs, as well as bronchial thickening and dilation. Histopathological analysis was performed in 13 lungs and revealed inflammatory infiltrate in different degrees, edema, congestion, thickening of the alveolar septum and congested bronchi. Such tomographic and histopathologic changes are similar to those described in humans. Computed tomography is a valuable tool for assessing the chest cavity of dogs affected by visceral leishmaniasis. Thoracic involvement by canine visceral leishmaniasis should be considered as differential diagnoses when ground-glass and linear opacifications and lymphadenomegaly are observed in tomographic examinations of the chest of dogs in endemic areas. / Doutor

Nowadays the attention to the utilization of secondary raw materials as a component of building materials is being paid to in the Czech Republic and in the world. This thesis deals with possibilities of using secondary raw materials as partial cement substitutes in industrial floors. The aim of this thesis is to verify the influence of cement substitution amount with secondary raw materials and their fineness of grinding on the properties of the floor surface in time and on its structure. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the influence of the pre-treatment of the secondary raw material on the properties of the floor ceiling with an emphasis on the economic aspect was assessed. After evaluating the results, some substitution of cement in the floor screed with secondary raw materials is beneficial. The significant influence of more intensive milling of the floor screeds base on the parameters of the final floor screed was not confirmed. It seems, that it is possible to achieve very good results even when using secondary raw materials with a lower percentage of fine particles. This brings together the economic benefits of lowering the cost of a lower dose of expensive cement by using cheaper secondary raw materials, because pre-treatment of such materials does not require the use of a large amount of energy.

Autoclaved aerated concrete is a used building material, especially for its thermal insulating properties. During autoclaving, an aerated concrete microstructure produces crystalline CSH phases, primarily tobermorite. The ingoing substances are calcium oxide and silica. In addition to commonly used raw materials, secondary raw materials rich in silicon dioxide can be used for production. The use of secondary raw materials gives the opportunity for the construction industry to be more environmentally friendly. Another benefit is the reduction of financial costs. The work explores the influence of individual secondary raw materials on the microstructure. High-temperature fly ash, fluid fly ash, cinder, ground glass and zeolite were used The raw materials were mixed with unalloyed lime at a molar ratio of calcium oxide to silicon dioxide of 0.73 and 1.0. Autoclaving capsules were used to synthesize tobermorite under laboratory conditions. Autoclave was performed at 170 °C and 190 °C with hydrothermal durations of 4, 8 and 16 hours. The most important influence on the microstructure was high-temperature fly ash, on the contrary, the greatest influence on the mechanical properties is attributed to the ground glass.