Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [54]-57).

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Communication and Culture. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-114). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11772

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Sociology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-225). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11576

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

M.A. / The 1950s saw an upsurge in gang activities and as a result other alternative cultures emerged. In the midst of gang activities, a subcultural group that has come to represent the black township was in form; Amapantsula. This study examines changing Amapantsula identities, from the original style and dance to the present day, through the voices of actual Amapantsula insiders. Duduza township is used as a case study for the research. This dissertation attempts to begin to answer these more general question of what it is that constitutes the Amapantsula identity. While much work, past as well as recent, refers to Amapantsula, there are few studies dealing with Amapantsula as an identity, although some have been done on the links between kwaito music and Amapantsula. Although there has been a focus on kwaito music, which is associated with Amapantsula identity, there has not been much reference to the meaning of the accompanying dance. Moreover, present-day identification with Amapantsula identity has not been explored, and questions as to why most of the youth take part in it have been left unanswered. The following methodologies have been used. In this dissertation, data was generated through the use of interviewing (collecting oral histories using structured and semi-structured interviews) and by participant observation. The thesis consists of six chapters where within each new chapter deals with different aspects, of how the amapantsula construct their identities will be explored. In chapter 1 some of the theoretical considerations which inform this dissertation are examined. This is followed by a discussion of the debates in the literature on the Amapantsula. Some of the theoretical concepts that are explored touch on i my understanding of culture, including popular culture and subcultures. Theories on the origins of the Amapantsula are considered. Questions on whether they are a subculture or not, whether all Amapantsula are also tsotsis and the connection between the Amapantsula and political resistance will also be deliberated upon. All these issues will also be further reflected upon in individual chapters. The age bracket that defines the Amapantsula shifts continuously since they have began to be noticed as a popular phenomenon. Prior to 1976, the majority of Amapantsula ranged from the ages of 30 onwards. However, the political shifts that took place in the ’70s influenced the changes that the Amapantsula underwent in terms of age and behavioural patterns. For the process of this research the ages range between of 14 and 25, but also Amapantsula from different generations have been used so that a holistic conclusion can be reached. Chapter two outlines the Amapantsula of Duduza and includes the historical background of the township. There is also a discussion on how identity and performance is enacted and experienced by Amapantsula in this particular township. Chapter three explores issues of masculinity within the subculture of Amapantsula, in particular, how Amapantsula live their masculinity in their everyday lives. How concepts of masculinity impact on performance is also examined. In addition, a brief discussion of abomshoza (the female counterpart) is introduced. Chapter four looks at the dress and style of Amapantsula, focussing particularly on the fossilised icons of the 16 inch and All Star. Finally, chapter five deals with the dance, such as the origins of dance and how it can be used to construct a large part of the Amapantsula identity, with particular reference to meaning in dance by the Via Katlehong. This dissertation attempts to illustrate the dynamic process of identity creation through the use of Amapantsula.

This study assessed the personal, career and learning skills needs of 196 psychology students (M= 56, F= 103). The preferred means of counselling assistance, preferred experience of counselling and preferred counselling provider were also assessed. The most highly endorsed needs were time management skills (83.5 pecent, n=162), learning test-taking strategies (82 percent, n=159), job search strategies (73.6 percent, n=142), increasing self-confidence (70.3 percent, n=135), increasing motivation (72.4 percent, n=134), controlling anxiety and nervousness (68.7 percent, n=134), public speaking anxiety (68 percent, n=134), understanding career interests and abilities (67.5 percent, n=131), fear of failure (68.1 percent, n=130), and improving study skills (66.5 percent, n=129). Significant sex differences were found for the following, finding a greater purpose in life, controlling weight, job search strategies, concerns about career choice, understanding career interests and abilities in the selection of major subjects and improving study skills. Males highly endorsed the need for finding a greater purpose in life, job search strategies, and concern about career choice, understanding career interest and abilities, selection of major subjects and to improve study skills, whereas females endorsed the need for controlling weight. Respondents indicated individual counselling as being their preferred means of counselling assistance, but lectures were the most prevalent means of assistance previously received by respondents. Most respondents (78.1 percent) found the assistance they had received to be helpful.

This study investigates the relationship between levels of social identity complexity and tolerance. Social identity complexity refers to the nature of the subjective representation of multiple group identities and is postulated to be made up of two underlying sub-constructs, namely overlap complexity and similarity complexity. Tolerance is assumed to be constructed of dimensions including ethnic/religious tolerance, sexual tolerance, social deviance, cultural pluralism and affirmative action principles. In addition, gender and age groups are assumed to be potential moderators of the underlying relationships between the various construct measures. The study used Blue Bulls supporters as the sample to be investigated. A quantitative study of 102 Blue Bulls supporters was conducted using a combination of an online survey and personal interviews at the Blue Bulls stadium. The data determined the social identity complexity levels of these supporters and their various tolerance levels. The results were then analysed using descriptive statistics and various other statistical analysis to determine differences and relationships between the social identity measures and tolerance constructs. The results showed the average Blue Bulls supporter to own average social identity complexity levels and were more tolerant towards out-groups than previous literature had proposed for sports fans. Age showed certain trends in relation to social identity complexity and tolerance levels. However, age and gender made no significant differences to the measures and constructs. Understanding that a sports supporter is more than just an individual who supports a team on one social identity level but possesses multiple social identities is important to understand for many stakeholders within the sports business. Decisions around marketing campaigns, the management of the fan base online and in the stadium and how to get supporters to be more loyal revolves around this understanding of supporters being a sports fan on one dimension, but either a mother or a lawyer on another. The way that these supporters manage their perceptions of out-group members may influence how a brand manages its advertising campaigns or communicates with its fan base. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / zkgibs2015 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / Unrestricted

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