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This thesis engages the question of the impact of religion on civic nationalism in the western European context. Civic nationalism, it suggests, is an identarian nationalist construct that is pursued by a liberal state's population through various historical linkages, myth construction, modern outlook, and propaganda. (Smith 2001) (Gellner 1997) The central question is whether civic nationalism, as a method of unifying a population, can compete with the concentrated cultural influence of an equally viable identity construction. Radical Islam is the focus point of this comparison. A powerful religious identity, radical Islam instills in its members a similar sense of unity through belief in core values and utilizes the existence of external threats to reinforce its allegiances. Through this theoretical and empirical exercise, the profound challenge of the civic nation to maintain feelings of unity without inspiring the imagination and mysticism usually inherent in nationalism is investigated. A victim of its own values, the civic nation aspires to harness the unifying force of more negative forms of nationalism without the hateful and exclusive practices usually associated with such group identities while also denying the deep theocratic roots that give nationalism its impermeable quality. The competition of these identarian constructions is empirically examined through a multi-form analysis of reactions to the July 7th, 2005 terrorist bombings of the London transportation system. / Master of Arts

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Technology: Fine Art, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015. / The purpose of this research was to investigate the interrogation of Afrikaner culture and identity in the work of Andries Botha (1952) and Marlene de Beer (1957) in the context of Afrikaner nationalism. Anthony Smith’s theory of ethno symbolism (2010) and writings on nationalism by Montserrat Gibernau (1996, 2004a, 2000b) are used as a theoretical framework for an analysis of Afrikaner culture and identity, in the form of Afrikaner nationalism. A qualitative research methodology was used, within an art historical, theoretical and practice led investigation into the interrogation of Afrikaner culture and identity. A reflective approach clarified and made meaningful concepts which relate to both my theoretical and practical work, which are interlinked. De Beer makes use of cultural symbols, in interrogating the position of the female in Afrikaner identity and culture, in the context of South African history. Botha interrogates masculinity and patriarchy in Afrikaner culture and identity through a reference to his father and events and imagery from South African history. A personal exploration of Afrikaner culture and identity, in the context of my family history and life experiences, reveals a persistent questioning of Afrikaner culture and identity, resulting in the formation of an individual identity. Arising from this research, it is evident that there is a need for further research into the possible formation of a multicultural identity post 1994 in South Africa. / M

According to both previous research and common belief, Chinese values represent a more collectivist orientation while American values demonstrate a more individualistic orientation. This study attempts to find out whether this assumption is stiII accurate in recent times, given the profound social changes that have taken place in China. Drawing data fkom the World Values Survey (1 995- 1997), this study examines four aspects of collectivist and individualistic orientations in China and America: socialization, work, social relationships, and motivation. While confirming some of my hypotheses and contradicting others, the findings suggest that there are significant indications of value changes in China. Specifically, there is a strong indication of a more individualistic orientation in Chinese values regarding socialization and social relationships than in comparable American values. Furthermore, this study provides some informed conjecture about and explanation of the findings concerning the four aspects of values I examine, as well as suggestions for subsequent research.

Lee Siu Kwan Linda. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-201). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i-ii / A Note of Thanks --- p.iii-iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-17 / Question to Answer --- p.2 / A Preface to the Thesis --- p.4 / Gays in Hong Kong --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- The Fieldwork Procedure: From Data to Theory --- p.18-46 / Data Collection: Acquire Knowledge and Perspectives of Gays --- p.19 / A Profile of the Key Informants --- p.33 / "Validity, Reliability and Ethical Issues" --- p.42 / Chapter 3 --- "Identity, Space and Power" --- p.47-62 / Develop Concepts From Literature --- p.47 / "Framework: Linking up Identity, Spatiality and Power" --- p.60 / Chapter 4 --- "Segregating Social Settings and the Image of ""Other"" as ""Voyeur""" --- p.63-93 / "Manipulate ""Spatiality"" of Place" --- p.64 / "Manipulate ""Spatiality"" of Time" --- p.74 / Keeping Gay Activities in Hidden Settings --- p.77 / Concluding Segregation of Social Settings in Identity Construction --- p.88 / Chapter 5 --- "Procreating Sex and Love and the Image of ""Other"" as Persecutor""" --- p.94-126 / Centering Sex --- p.94 / Centering Love --- p.117 / Concluding Centering of Love and Sex in Identity Construction --- p.124 / Chapter 6 --- "Redeeming Status and the Image of ""Other"" as ""Stigmatizer""" --- p.127-166 / Using Peripheral Status Symbols --- p.129 / Relocating Stigma to Periphery of Gays Lives --- p.153 / Concluding Redemption of Status in Identity Construction --- p.164 / Chapter 7 --- Identity Construction as Spatial and Power Reconfiguration --- p.166-188 / Identity Construction as Spatial Reconfiguration --- p.168 / Resistance and Subordination in Spatial Reconfiguration --- p.173 / Appendixes / Appendix 1: A Profile of Interviewees --- p.189 / Appendix 2: Gay Activities the Researcher Observed and Participated --- p.190 / Appendix 3: Methods of Data Analysis: Mediating Theories and Data --- p.191 / Bibliography --- p.196 / Tables and Figures / Table 1-1 Active gay organizations in Hong Kong --- p.9 / Table 1-2 Major gay entertainment businesses in Hong Kong --- p.10 / Table 2-1 Interview Schedule --- p.23 / "Table 4-1 Opening Hours of Gay Bars, Discos and Karaokes" --- p.75 / Figure 7-1 A general pattern on the social space of gays before the Decriminalization Act on Homosexuality1991 --- p.175 / Figure 7-2 A general pattern on the social space of gays after the Decriminalization Act on Homosexuality1991 --- p.176 / "Figure A-1 Relationship of raw data, data display and analytic text in data analysis" --- p.193 / Figure A-2 The process of data induction in building a framework for this thesis --- p.195

A theory is developed on the basis of need paradigm and psychological contract to explain why employees identify with their work organization. It suggests three motives of organizational identification: Transactional, relational and developmental. The model includes compensation loss, relationship conflict and promotability drop to represent each of the three motives of organizational identification, and it also links with procedural justice and gender as moderators. Contrary to the traditional view that organizational identification is solely varied with social factors, the survey data from a Chinese factory demonstrated that organizational identification was negatively related to compensation loss and promotability drop. A three-way interaction was also found significant gender difference in response to procedural justice under motives unfulfillment. Unlike Chinese men, Chinese women would retain their organizational identification under compensation loss as long as they perceived procedural justice. The present study also recorded that Chinese employees with higher organizational identification had better in-role performance but not extra-role performance, the finding of which was opposite to that of the past studies. Further, the data supported that organizational identification might play a central role in mediating the relationship between in-role performance and the interaction of procedural justice, gender, and compensation loss together with that of procedural justice, gender, and promotability drop. / Tso Sek Kwong. / "Aug 2005." / Adviser: Chun Hui. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0265. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-110). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Yau, Sin Yee Christine. / "November 2010." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-229). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledge --- p.iii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Background: --- p.6 / What is Demeanor? --- p.6 / What is Resistance? --- p.8 / Who are they? --- p.9 / Chapter - --- Heunggongyahn --- p.9 / Chapter - --- Daaihlohkyahn --- p.10 / Chapter - --- Gwailou --- p.11 / Research Significance --- p.12 / Literature Review: --- p.13 / Demeanor: Cultural Knowledge --- p.14 / Demeanor: Embodiment and Presentation of Cultural Identities --- p.16 / Politicizing Demeanor: Struggling for Power and Conveying Messages --- p.17 / Hong Kong Identity: Its Shaping Process --- p.19 / Methodology: --- p.21 / Entering the Field: Daily Observation --- p.21 / Pilot Test --- p.22 / "In-depth, Semi-structured, and Structured Interviews" --- p.23 / Participant Observation --- p.24 / Organization of the Thesis --- p.25 / Informants' Details --- p.28 / Chapter 2. --- Heunggongyahn and Daaihlohkyahn --- p.30 / Introduction --- p.30 / "Pride: Certain Demeanor as ""Superior"" Prestige" --- p.31 / The Prestige in Not Disturbing Others --- p.32 / "The Prestige in Sitting ""Properly"": Preserving City's Image" --- p.34 / "The Prestige in Having Gungdaksam, Public Virtue" --- p.41 / The Prestige in Keeping some Distance from Strangers --- p.43 / The Prestige in Endurance and Keeping Quiet: Saving Face --- p.44 / "Prejudice: Certain Demeanor as ""Inferior"" Stigma" --- p.47 / The Stigma of Squatting --- p.48 / The Stigma of Public Excretion --- p.56 / The Stigma of Nose Picking --- p.62 / The Stigma of Spitting --- p.63 / Conclusion --- p.67 / Chapter 3. --- My Informants' Everyday Life --- p.69 / Introduction --- p.69 / "The Civilizing Process: Demeanor as a ""Linear Evolution""" --- p.70 / "Using Seat-Toilets ""Properly""" --- p.71 / Lining up --- p.76 / Demeanor as Capital --- p.81 / Cultural Capital --- p.81 / Symbolic Capital --- p.83 / Social Capital --- p.86 / "My Informants' Sense of ""Shame""" --- p.88 / """We are from Hong Kong""" --- p.89 / Cultural Identity is Presented: Conscious Performance --- p.92 / Cultural Identity is Embodied: the Practice of Eye Contacts --- p.98 / General Rule: Avoid Eye Contact --- p.98 / Complaints Conveyed: Be (睥)，Stare --- p.101 / Conclusion --- p.103 / Chapter 4. --- Hong Kong Cultural Identity --- p.105 / Introduction --- p.105 / Changing Relationships --- p.106 / Political Situation --- p.106 / Economic Situation --- p.113 / Social Situation --- p.118 / The Cultural Identity of Heunggongyahn --- p.123 / "Senses of ""Superiority"" and ""Inferiority"":" --- p.135 / Economic Differences --- p.136 / Levels of Corruption --- p.138 / Mass Media's Portrayals --- p.139 / Freedom and Rights --- p.140 / The Long Separation --- p.142 / "The ""Middle Class"" Mentality of Heunggongyahn" --- p.143 / The Return of Sovereignty: Double Colonization --- p.146 / "The Border in Our Heads: One Country, Two Castes" --- p.149 / Conclusion --- p.152 / Chapter 5. --- "Demeanor, Emotions and Resistance" --- p.154 / Introduction --- p.154 / Double/ Multiple Standards --- p.155 / Squatting Practiced by Non-Mainlanders --- p.155 / Nose Picking Practiced by Non-Mainlanders --- p.157 / Jumping the Queue Practiced by Non-Mainlanders --- p.159 / Complicated Emotions --- p.162 / Love --- p.163 / Anxiety --- p.165 / Hatred --- p.167 / Discontent --- p.168 / Demeanor as Social Marginalization: Mainlanders as Scapegoats --- p.170 / The Official Discrimination against Mainland Chinese --- p.170 / The Malignant Portrayal of Mainland Chinese --- p.172 / Vitriolic Criticisms towards Mainlanders --- p.174 / Consequence: Social Marginalization of Mainlanders --- p.177 / Fears and Concerns of Heunggongyahn: --- p.179 / 1949-1976 --- p.179 / After 1976 --- p.181 / "Identity, Emotions and Resistance" --- p.184 / "Demeanor as ""Weapons of the Weak""" --- p.187 / Demeanor as Symbolic Violence --- p.189 / Conclusion --- p.192 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.194 / The Case of Hong Kong --- p.197 / """Mainlander"" as an Adjective" --- p.199 / "The ""Residue"" of Political Wants?" --- p.200 / Would the Repugnance Be Alleviated? --- p.201 / Power Struggle --- p.202 / Forms of Resistance --- p.203 / The Politics of Cultural Identity --- p.204 / Afterthoughts: The Reproduction of Cultural Identity --- p.205 / Appendix I --- p.207 / Appendix II --- p.208 / Glossary --- p.209 / Bibliography --- p.210

Thesis (M.A.)(Hons)--University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1997. / Slides are reproduced from the plates. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.