Thesis (MA) --University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

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No description available.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate a growth/awareness group experience by determining the effects of the group on interpersonal personality characteristics of the participants as measured by six selected scales of the California Psychological Inventory (Dominance, Capacity for Status, Sociability, Social Presence, Tolerance, and Good Impression). The two main null hypotheses stated that (1) there would be no differences between the experimental (treatment) group, the informed control group, and the uninformed control groups on the six scales of the California Psychological Inventory, dealing with social interaction and (2) if change occurred, the change would not be sustained over a three month period. Eighteen sub-hypotheses in all were tested statistically with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance and the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks Test.The population of the study included seventeen experimental group participants, who volunteered in response to advertisements and took part in a three day (fifteen hour) growth/awareness group led by three experienced doctoral students in counseling. Two control groups were utilized: (1) an informed control group of twenty-two who knew about the experiment and stated that they would, if they could at a more appropriate time, participate in this or a similar group, and (2) an uninformed control group of twenty-seven who were taken from two university classes and were told nothing about the testing or the experiment. These three groups were not statistically different on their pre-test scores. Neither control group received any treatment.The group or treatment was a combination of exercises used in sensory awareness, sensitivity training, and human relations training groups. The activities were highly to moderately structured with a low to moderate level of threat (encounter or confrontation). The leaders were used as directors, giving instructions and facilitating the execution of the exercises. The leaders did not take an active part in interaction.Six scales of the California Psychological Inventory were administered to all three groups before and after the group experience. Analysis of the data revealed no significant difference between groups at the .05 level of confidence on any of the six scales of the California Psychological Inventory. Experimental group participants were administered the same instrument three months after the last group meeting. Statistical procedures for sustained growth were not significant.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects crisis counseling had upon inmate's attitudes, who were granted or denied parole, as measured by a specifically designed semantic differential scale, immediately following their appearance before the May 1970 Indiana State Parole Board.Subjects for the study were one hundred and two inmates at the Indiana Reformatory located in Pendleton, Indiana. They were selected on the basis of two primary criteria: eligibility for a hearing before the Parole Board and a willingness to participate in the research project.The six semantic differential scale concepts used in the study were unanimously agreed upon by representatives of the Indiana State Department of Corrections-Treatment Division, the Superintendent of the Reformatory, and the Reformatory Psychologist. The following six concepts were determined to be the most significant affecting the treatment and rehabilitation process of inmates: (1) myself, (2) other inmates, (3) reformatory staff, (4) parole board members, (5) parole process, and (6) the reformatory.The semantic differential, constructed as prescribed by Osgood, et al., (1957, pp. 77-81), was used to measure the attitudes of the inmate subjects toward the six identified concepts.The subjects in the two experimental groups, those granted and denied parole, participated in a thirty minute crisis counseling session with a male doctoral intern from Ball State University after appearing before the parole board. The control groups, those granted and denied parole appeared before the board, but did not receive crisis counseling.The semantic differential scale was given forty-eight hours prior to the inmates' meeting the parole board, and within one hour after meeting the parole board and undergoing crisis counseling depending upon group assignment. All pre- and posttests were administered by qualified psychometrists. Effort was made to avoid identifying anyone who participated in the study. As soon as the process of completing the instruments was completed, they were carefully analyzed.Analysis of the data indicated that the inmates who experienced crisis counseling, when compared to the control group who received no crisis counseling, made no significant positive gains in their attitude toward the six selected concepts. Therefore, it was concluded that thirty minutes of crisis counseling had a limited effect upon attitudes of inmates who participated in the counseling sessions.Although some of the regression of the scores may be accounted for by error in the measuring instrument, it is possible that the general reformatory environment or climate had some negative effects on the attitudes of the confined men. It is also possible that meeting the parole board would produce either positive or negative effects that might override the short session crisis counseling.A multiple linear regression analysis was computed to determine the significance of the relationship between the semantic differential scores and the action taken by the parole board. o significant regression appeared.To determine if attitudes changed between the pre-and posttest measures as a result of being granted or denied parole, an analysis of variance was performed. The analysis of variance indicated that for the inmates denied parole their attitudes remained relatively stable. Significant improvement was shown for those inmates granted parole.To determine if crisis counseling had an effect on the attitudes of inmates after meeting the parole board, an analysis of covariance was computed statistically controlling for pretest responses. No significant differences were found between the crisis counseling and no crisis counseling groups. However, attitudes significantly improved for those inmates granted parole.The results and many questions stimulated by this investigation indicated many areas that might warrant further research.

Graduation date: 1963

Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Texas at Arlington, 2008.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

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No description available.