Messenger applied at three timely applications at early runner, bloom, and fruiting stages of watermelon versus bi-weekly applications, showed no significant statistical differences for vine length, number of blooms, or harvestable yields. Visual observations for the watermelon plant health at the end of the season tended to indicate that the three timely applications resulted in slightly more vigorous plants than the bi-weekly treated watermelon plants. Cantaloupe vine growth, number of fruit set, yield weight, and fruit size were not different between Messenger treatments and were not enhanced compared to the untreated check.

Processing onions were treated with AuxiGro in spring 2001. Applications were applied at four and 7.5 weeks prior to harvest. A single application of 4 oz. product/acre at either four or 7.5 weeks prior to harvest increased yield by approximately 0.7 tons/acre. Two applications resulted in a 1.3 tons/acre yield increase. Differences noted were not statistically different, but the two application treatment provided an increased net return of approximately $95/acre.

Dry Seed+, a fertilizer/plant growth regulator, was applied to processing onions at planting in the fall of 1998 to evaluate the effect on yields. Yield data obtained June 1999 indicated no effect in this experiment, although this was dissimilar to other trial results. Salt content at the field was thought to have limited yields, and have stressed growing plants, which may have contributed to lack of yield differences noted. Further testing is necessary to further evaluate this product.

No description available.

Orientador: Izabel Cristina Leite / Banca: Luiz Henrique Carvalho / Banca: Paulo Roberto de Camargo e Castro / Banca: Antonio César Bolonhezi / Banca: Manoel Luiz Ferreira Athayde / Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de cloreto de mepiquat em cultivares de algodão herbáceo, foi conduzido um experimento no ano agrícola de 2002/2003, na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da FEIS/UNESP, localizada no município de Selvíria (MS). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, e quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram estudados quatro cultivares de algodão (Coodetec 401, IAC 24, DeltaOpal e Deltapine Acala 90) e nas subparcelas, três doses de cloreto de mepiquat (0,0; 50,0 e 100,0 g i.a.ha-1). As parcelas experimentais constituíram-se de seis linhas com 10 m de comprimento e 0,90 m de espaçamento entrelinhas, sendo consideradas úteis as quatro linhas centrais. Foram determinados, em dez plantas de cada parcela, a altura das plantas e o diâmetro do caule. O número de nós no caule, número de ramos e de capulhos por planta foi obtido em cinco plantas amostradas de cada parcela. A produção de algodão em caroço foi determinada através da colheita dos capulhos em quatro metros de cada uma das duas linhas centrais. Amostras de 20 capulhos de cada parcela foram utilizadas para a obtenção da massa média de um capulho, massa de 100 sementes, porcentagem de fibra e características tecnológicas da fibra. A análise de crescimento foi feita determinando-se, a cada 14 dias, a área foliar e a massa seca acumulada nos diferentes órgãos da planta. A partir desses dados foram calculados a área foliar total, razão de área foliar, área foliar específica, razão de massa de folhas, taxa de crescimento relativo e taxa assimilatória líquida. Considerando-se 100% a massa seca total, determinou-se a distribuição em porcentagem da massa seca entre as diferentes estruturas da planta... (Resumo completo, clicar no acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of doses of mepiquat chloride in cotton cultivars in the agricultural year of 2002/2003, at Teaching and Research Farm of FEIS/UNESP, located in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was complete blocks in split-plot arrangement and four replications. In the plots four cotton cultivars (Coodetec 401, IAC 24, DeltaOpal and Deltapine Acala 90) were studied and in the subplots, three doses of mepiquat chloride (0,0; 50,0 and 100,0 g i.a.ha-1). The experimental plots had six rows with 10 m of length and 0,90 m between rows, being considered useful the central four rows. The height of the plants and the diameter of the stem were measured in ten plants in each plot. The number of nodes in the stem, number of branches and of fruits per plant were obtained in five plants collected from each plot. The cotton yield was determined through the harvested fruits of the two central rows. Samples of 20 fruits of each plot were used to obtain the average mass of one fruit, mass of 100 seeds, fiber percentage and technological characteristics of the fiber. The growth analysis was performed by determining, every 14 days, the leaf area and the dry mass accumulated in the different organs of the plant. From those data, total leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, ratio of leaf mass, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate, were calculated. Considering the total dry mass as 100%, the distribution, in percentage, of the dry mass among the different structures of the plant was determined. The obtained results allowed to conclude that 50,0 g i.a.ha-1 of mepiquat chloride caused minor height of the plants in the Coodetec 401, DeltaOpal and Deltapine Acala 90 cultivars while, for 24 IAC the dose of 100,0 g i.a.ha-1 was the best... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below) / Doutor

In 2011, Poa annua L. (Poa) biotypes were collected from greens of two golf courses in Lexington, Kentucky: 1.) The Lexington Country Club (LCC) and 2.) The University Club (UC). The samples were collected based on exhibiting one of two appearances while on the same green: 1.) dark green, with few to no flower heads (dark biotype) or 2.) light green, with numerous flower heads (light biotype). Two PGRs, paclobutrazol and flurprimidol, and two herbicides, bispyribac-sodium and amicarbazone, were applied to the plants both in the field and the greenhouse. Quality ratings were recorded weekly in both the field and greenhouse and grass clippings were collected and measured weekly in the greenhouse. Flurprimidol controlled the dark biotypes and paclobutrazol controlled the light biotypes in the field in 2011. However, only location by treatment interactions were in 2012; flurprimidol, bispyribac-sodium, and amicarbazone controlled the biotypes from the LCC while paclobutrazol controlled the biotypes from UC. In the greenhouse study there was a significant three way interaction between color, location, and treatment for quality. PGRs controlled the light biotypes from LCC and the dark biotypes from UC. Herbicides controlled the light biotypes more than the dark, however, the light biotypes recovered after amicarbazone treatments. PGRs reduced clipping weights of the dark biotypes more than the light and herbicides reduced clipping weights of the light biotypes more than the dark. Both PGRs and herbicides reduced clipping weights of the Poa collected from the LCC more than UC. These results demonstrate both the potential for differential responses between Poa biotypes to PGRs and herbicides and that these differences, like all things about Poa, may be complex. A laboratory experiment was also designed to examine the absorption and potential metabolism of 14C-labeled flurprimidol in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera (L.)), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.)), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis (L.)), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne (L.)), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica (Steud.)) and light and dark Poa biotypes collected from golf greens. Flurprimidol absorption and translocation was greater for warm season grasses than cool season grasses. Only parent flurprimidol was detected in all turf species.

Orientador: Elizabeth Orika Ono / Coorientador: Nobuyoshi Narita / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Jose Carlos Cavichioli / Resumo: O mercado de frutas exóticas no Brasil tem ganhado prestígio e o cultivo da pitaya apresenta-se promissor. Porém, o seu ciclo é limitado ao longo do ano, principalmente, pela influência do fotoperíodo no seu florescimento. A utilização de regulador vegetal, sobretudo a giberelina (GA), pode substituir a necessidade de dias longos. Nesse sentido se estudou diferentes épocas de aplicação e várias concentrações de GA3 no período não indutivo com o objetivo de induzir e antecipar o florescimento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3x5, sendo três épocas de aplicação e cinco concentrações do regulador vegetal. As épocas de aplicação iniciaram em maio, junho e julho, sendo realizadas três aplicações a cada 30 dias. As concentrações estudadas foram 0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 mg L-1 de GA3. A época de aplicação de GA3 não influenciou em nenhuma das características estudadas, por outro lado o fator concentração, apesar de não ter antecipado o florescimento, proporcionou aumento na fixação de frutos, número de frutos, massa média de frutos e produtividade. Com base nos resultados obtidos é possível concluir que a aplicação de GA3 foi benéfica às características agronômicas da pitaya / Abstract: The exotic fruit market in Brazil has gained prestige and cultivation of pitaya presents promising. But the cycle is limited throughout the year, and its flowering by photoperiod. The use of plant growth regulator, especially gibberellins, can replace the need for long days, in this sense, we studied different application periods and some concentrations of GA in non-inductive period in order to anticipate flowering. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 3x5, being three times of application and five concentrations of the GA3. The application periods began in May, June and July, and three times application, one every 30 days. The concentrations studied were 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L-1 GA3 application timing did not influence any of the traits on the other hand the concentration factor, despite not having anticipated the flowering could provide increased fruit set, fruit number, mean fruit mass and productivity. Based on the results, we concluded that the GA3 application was beneficial to the agronomic characteristics of pitaya / Mestre

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-04T13:51:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertaçãoSILVA2016.pdf: 1538144 bytes, checksum: 5e9ed18ffcbde4ab9a92d5f040477ab7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T13:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertaçãoSILVA2016.pdf: 1538144 bytes, checksum: 5e9ed18ffcbde4ab9a92d5f040477ab7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-21 / FACEPE / O paclobutrazol (PBZ) é o regulador vegetal utilizado no manejo da produção da mangueira na maioria dos pomares sob as condições semiáridas do Nordeste. Apesar da sua eficiência na produtividade, estudos demonstram que o PBZ permanece ativo no solo por muito tempo e isso pode afetar o desenvolvimento das próximas colheitas, reduzindo o vigor vegetativo. A biodegradação do paclobutrazolem solo não saturado e com histórico de aplicação,foi avaliada durante 49 dias usando glicerol e resíduos industriais (glicerol do biodiesel, torta de amendoim e torta de gergelim) como fontes de adicionais de carbono. Os resíduos agroindustriais (torta de amendoime e torta de gergelim) além de carbono, também são fontes de nitrogênio. Foram realizados estudos cinéticos do consumo de PBZ, além da contagem dos micro-organismos totais, do perfil do pH e da fitotoxicidade no início e final dos experimentos. Adicionalmente, estudos investigativos acerca de produtos da biodegradação foram realizados, com análises de espectroscopia de infravermelho. A torta de amendoim foi o melhor resíduo agroindustrial, sendo usado nas quatro estratégias realizadas na próxima etapa. Nessas quatro estratégias de biodegradação foram realizados experimentos usando 100, 80, 50 e 20 % m/m do solo sem histórico com a adicão de 0, 20, 50 e 80 % m/m de solo com histórico, respectivamente. A adição de solo com histórico (50 ou 80% m/m) e a torta de amendoim favoreceram a biodegradação dosolo sem histórico, cuja biodegradação foi maior que 95%. O resíduoselecionado apresentou-se como uma adequada fonte de carbono e de nitrogênio, e, o solo com histórico um eficiente reservatório de micro-organismos capazes de degradar o PBZ. / Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a growth regulator used in the management of mango production in most orchards in semi-arid conditions of the Northeast. Despite its efficiency in productivity, studies show that the PBZ remains active in the soil for a long time and this may affect the development of the next crop, reducing plant vigor. The biodegradation of paclobutrazol (PBZ) was evaluated during 49 days using glycerol and agro-industrial wastes (biodieselderived glycerol, peanut cake and sesame cake) as additional carbon sources and unsaturated soil with a history of PBZ application. Kinetic studies were performed of PBZ consumption beyond count of total microorganisms, pH profile and phytotoxicity at the beginning and end of the experiments. Additionally, investigative studies on the caracterization of biodegradation samples were performed with infrared spectroscopy analysis. Biodieselderived peanut cake was the best agro-industrial waste, andthis was used in the following four strategies. Four biodegradation strategies were performed using 100 %, 80 %, 50 % and 20 % of soil without history with the addition of 0 %, 20 %, 50 % and 80 % of soil with history, respectively. The addition of soil with history (50 or 80%) and the selected waste (peanut cake) favored biodegradation of soil without history, with rates about 95 %. The peanut cake waste proved to be an adequate source of carbon and nitrogen, and the soil with history, proved to be an efficient reservoir of microorganisms capable of biodegrading PBZ.

Carotenoids are the precursor of several metabolites with regulatory functions, which include the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs), and signaling molecules, such as β-cyclocitral. These carotenoid-derivatives originate from oxidative breakdown of the double bond resulting in carbonyl cleavage-products designated as apocarotenoids. The cleavage reaction causing apocarotenoid formation is catalyzed frequently by Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases (CCDs). Several lines of evidence indicate the presence of yet unidentified apocarotenoids with regulatory or signaling function. Here, we first characterized the biological functions of the apocarotenoid zaxinone formed by ZAXINONE SYNTHASE (ZAS), a member of an overlooked, widely distributed plant CCD clade. The loss-of-function rice zas mutant contains less zaxinone, exhibiting retarded growth with elevated levels of SLs that determines plant architecture, mediates mycorrhization, and facilitates the germination of root parasitic seeds, such as Striga spp. The zaxinone treatment rescued zas phenotypes, down-regulated SL biosynthesis and release, and enhanced root growth in the wild-type rice seedlings. Next, we performed multi-omics analysis demonstrating zaxinone increased sugar metabolism and induced photosynthesis in a manner that led to phenotypical changes in rice roots. Besides, transcriptome analysis showed that zaxinone upregulated CYTOKININ GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASES expression in roots, which might explain the increase in the apex and meristem length, and in the number of cellular layers. Finally, the investigation of zaxinone biology and the utilization of its application is constrained by its laborious organic synthesis and low abundance in natural sources. Therefore, we developed easy-to-synthesize and highly efficient Mimic of Zaxinone (MiZax), based on the structure-activity-relationship study using a series of apocarotenoids. Activity-based experiments unraveled MiZax3 and MiZax5 were at least as active as zaxinone in rescuing root phenotypes of the zas mutant, promoting root growth in wild-type seedlings, and reducing SL biosynthesis and release. Taken together, zaxinone is a key regulator of rice growth and development, which regulates sugar metabolism, suppresses SL biosynthesis, fine-tunes cytokinins level, and modulates biotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Our work also provides easy-to-synthesize mimics for illuminating zaxinone biology and as a tool to improve crop growth and reduce the infestation by Striga hermonthica, a severe threat to food security worldwide.

Prohexadione-calcium (P-ca), as ApogeeTM, was evaluated in 2000 and 2001 for impact to grape vegetative and reproductive development. In 2000, P-ca (250 mg/L) was applied to Seyval, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Cabernet franc (125, 250, and 375 mg/L). P-ca reduced primary shoot growth for all cultivars and decreased cane pruning weight of Seyval. P-ca (375 mg/L) increased Cabernet franc canopy gaps but increased Cabernet Sauvignon lateral leaf area and leaf layer number. P-ca reduced components of yield for all cultivars. In 2001, P-ca (250 mg/L) was applied singularly at weekly intervals to Cabernet Sauvignon clusters and pre and post-bloom to Cabernet franc and Chardonnay canopies. Application at E-L stages 21 and 23 decreased Cabernet Sauvignon fruit set whereas application at E-L stages 26, 27, and 29 reduced berry weight without impacting fruit set. Berry weight reduction correlated to higher color intensity (420+520 nm), anthocyanins, total phenols and phenol-free glycosyl-glucose (PFGG). Cabernet franc vegetative and reproductive development was generally not affected yet treatment increased absorbance at 280, 420, and 520 nm, color intensity, anthocyanins and total phenols. Pre-bloom applications inhibited Chardonnay vegetative development, and reduced components of yield, and fruit chemistry values: hydroxycinnamates, total phenols, flavonoids, PPFG and absorbance at 280 and 320 nm. Post-bloom applications did not affect Chardonnay vegetative or reproductive development, yet increased PFGG. Treatment did not affect Chardonnay wine chemistry but two post-bloom applications increased Cabernet franc wine anthocyanins and total phenols. Wine aroma and flavor triangle difference tests did not indicate significant treatment differences. / Master of Science