Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been studied in many agriculturally interesting plants, but never in pitcher plants. Sarracenia oreophila (the green pitcher plant) is an endangered species in Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina (Rice 2010). With the help of Dr. Jim Spain's lab, a previous student in Dr. Gerald Pullman's lab discovered evidence that nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Burkholderia spp.) live within these pitcher plants. This study aims to determine whether these nitrogen-fixing bacteria confer a benefit to their host plants by providing fixed nitrogen. To do this, pitcher plants were inoculated with the Burkholderia and grown on a control medium, a medium without sugar (as the sugar causes the bacteria to grow until they hinder the plants), various media that are missing nitrogen-containing compounds usually provided in growth media, and a medium completely lacking nitrogen. These plants were compared to control plants on the same media that had not been inoculated with Burkholderia. The plants' biomass and root growth were measured. The data suggest that Burkholderia may stimulate plant biomass growth when sufficient nitrogen is present and there may be a nitrogen-threshold that needs to be met in order to sustain the Burkholderia-Sarracenia symbiosis. Also, the Burkholderia has a negative effect on roots grown in high-nitrogen media, possibly due to competition for nutrients.

Soils have been contaminated with cadmium (Cd) by the use of fertilizers, calcareous, pesticides and industrial and/or domestic effluents. It can be leached to groundwater, as well as be taken up by plants potentially leading to reduce growth and yield. It causes different damages to the cell, generating oxidative stress which is responsible for its toxicity, affecting all living organism. A balance in the redox state of the cell to maintain cellular integrity and metabolism is essential for organism tolerance. Thus, the antioxidant response of bacteria exposed to Cd was studied to understand the tolerance mechanism, and be able to develop a methodology to bioremediate contaminated soils. MDA and hydrogen peroxide contents and different enzymes activity of antioxidant system (SOD, CAT, GR and GST) of two strains from Burkholderia genus, one from a soil contaminated with Cd in high concentrations (strain SCMS54) and the other from soil without Cd (strain SNMS32) in two exposure time (5 and 12 h), were analyzed. Stress measurement (MDA and hydrogen peroxide content) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GR and GST) increased in almost all treatments in the presence of Cd. These results also indicate that strain SCMS54 (isolated from Cd contaminated soil) presents a higher metabolic diversity and plasticity due the expression of more isoforms of the enzymes SOD, CAT and GR. The strain also accumulates 50% more Cd. We also analyzed the response to Ni of these two strain, observing a similar response to Cd, except for GST enzyme expression, which in strain SCMS54 this enzyme was induced in the presence of Ni, indicating that this enzyme can be essential on Ni tolerance. After that, the strain isolated from Cd contaminated soil (SCMS54) was selected to proceed the studies to evaluate the benefits of tolerant microorganism-tomato plant interaction. The use of plants to remove heavy metals from contaminated soilhas less impact and a lower cost. Soil microorganisms can be able to solubilize or mobilize soil metals acting also as bioremediator. Besides the high tolerance to Cd, the strain SCMS54 can produce indole-acetic acid (IAA), solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce siderophore, revealing its potential in plantmicroorganism mutual and beneficial interaction. When interacting with tomato plants exposed to Cd, this bacterium led to decrease in plant peroxide concentration and chlorosis levels, promoted relative plant growth and reduced the root absorption of Cd resulting in an increase in plant tolerance to this highly toxic heavy metal. Indicating that inoculation of tomato plants with Burkholderia sp. SCMS54 promotes better growth when cultivated in the presence of Cd by a mechanism that appears to decrease Cd concentration in roots as a result of a bacterial-plant root beneficial interaction. / O cádmio (Cd) tem contaminado solos pelo uso de fertilizantes, calcário, agrotóxicos e resíduos industriais e/ou domésticos. Podendo ser lixiviado ao lençol freático ou absorvido pelas plantas,resultando na redução do crescimento e da produtividade. Esse metal afeta todos os organismos vivos e causa diferentes danos às células. A tolerância a esse metal se deve principalmente ao balanço do estado redox da célula para manter a integridade celular e metabolismo.Assim, foram isoladas bactérias de solo contaminado e não contaminado com Cd, selecionando isolados tolerantes a altas concentrações de diferentes metais (Cd, Ni e Zn), em seguida, foi observado a resposta do sistema antioxidante da bactéria na presença do Cd, a fim de auxiliar no desenvolvimento de metodologias para biorremediar solos contaminados. Foi quantificado MDA e peróxido de hidrogênio e a atividade de diferentes enzimas do sistema antioxidante (SOD, CAT, GR e GST) de duas estirpes do gênero Burkholderia tolerantes a todos os metais testados, uma isolada do solo contaminado com altas concentrações de Cd (estirpe SCMS54) e a outra do solo sem Cd (estirpe SNMS32) em dois tempos de exposição (5 e 12 h). Na estirpe SCMS54, as medidas de estresse (peroxidação lipídica e peróxido de hidrogênio) e a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, CAT, GR e GST) da maioria dos tratamento com cádmio aumentaram, esta estirpe também expressa mais isoformas de SOD, CAT e GR, além de acumular 50% mais Cd. Esses resultados mostram que a estirpe SCMS54 (isolada do solo contaminado com Cd) apresenta uma maior diversidade metabólica e plasticidade. Foram analisadas também a resposta dessas duas estirpes ao Ni, observando uma resposta semelhante ao Cd, exceto na expressão da enzima GST, que no estirpe SCMS54 foi induzida na presença do Ni, indicando que essa enzima pode ser essencial na tolerância ao Ni. Portanto, a estirpe isoladado solo contaminado com Cd (SCMS54) foi selecionada para prosseguir os estudos e avaliar os benefícios da interação entre microrganismos tolerantes-plantas de tomate na fitorremediação. Essa técnica é usada remover para metais pesados do solo com um menor impacto e baixos custos. Os microrganismos do solo podem solubilizar e mobilizar metais do solo, atuando como biorremediador. Além da alta tolerância ao Cd, a estirpe SCMS54 produz ácido indol acético (AIA), solubiliza fosfato inorgânico e produz sideroforo, mostrando seu potencial na interação benéfica planta-microorganismo. Quando interagindo com as plantas de tomate expostas ao Cd, essa bactéria diminui a concentração de peróxido da planta e a clorose ocasionado pelo Cd,e reduz a absorção de Cd pela raiz resultando em um aumento da tolerância da planta ao metal pesado altamente tóxico. Assim, a inoculação de plantas de tomate com Burkholderia sp. SCMS54 promove crescimento da planta na presença de Cd, desencadeando um mecanismo que diminui a concentração de Cd nas raízes devido a essa interação benéfica bactéria-raiz da planta.

Among abiotic stresses, salinity is considered the main limiting stress that negatively affects plant growth and reduces productivity worldwide. To overcome this challenge, a sustainable solution such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be used to meet the increasing demand for food. The desert microbe Enterobacter sp SA187, an endophytic PGPB, induces salt tolerance in both model plant and crops. The interaction between SA187 and the host plant triggers the sulfur pathway in the bacteria which then provides multiple sulfur-containing compounds to its host plant. However, the molecular sensor of these compounds in the host plant is not known. Here, we show that SA187 activates the plant target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. The beneficial effect of SA187 was lost in TOR mutants like raptor, and by the application of TOR inhibitor AZD8055. Next, we show that SA187 modulates the one- carbon (1C) metabolism of the host plant consisting of methionine and folate cycles. The beneficial effect of SA187 was compromised by using chemical inhibitors of folate cycle like Methotrexate (MTX) and Sulfadiazine (SDZ). The intermediates of the 1C metabolism like Homocysteine and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) showed similar beneficial effects as SA187 colonized plants. Finally, we showed that SA187 enhances 1C metabolism activity by increasing methylation index (SAM/SAH ratio) in the plants. Taken together, we could show that host TOR-1C axis is essential for plant salt tolerance by SA187.

Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho / Resumo: Gramíneas inoculadas com Azospirillum brasilense apresentam sistema radicular mais desenvolvido o que favorece a maior absorção de nutrientes e água, dessa maneira a extração de nutrientes durante o ciclo do milho, crescimento e produtividade da cultura podem ser maiores. Porém, a resposta a esta inoculação pode variar conforme a afinidade da bactéria com o genótipo da planta. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo de matéria seca, extração de nutrientes e o índice de clorofila foliar (ICF) em diferentes estádios fenológicos, exportação de nutrientes pelos grãos, componentes de produção e produtividade de grãos de híbridos de milho inoculados ou não com A. brasilense. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Selvíria - MS, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico em sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições, dispostos em um esquema fatorial 2 x 2, sendo dois híbridos de milho (DKB 390 VT PRO e DKB 350 VT PRO), inoculados ou não com A. brasilense na semente (200 mL ha-1 de inoculante líquido contendo as estirpes AbV5 e AbV6). Procedeu-se também a análise de regressão em esquema de parcela subdividida com 4 repetições, em que as parcelas foram constituídas pelos 4 tratamentos descritos acima, e as subparcelas por 6 épocas de coletas de plantas (V4, V8, R1, R2, R4 e R6), para avaliação do ICF, acúmulo de matéria seca e extração de nutrientes. A inoculação com A. brasilense propiciou maior acúmulo de matéria seca de raízes e total. O m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-17T14:23:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- German Andres Estrada Bonilla.pdf: 1652819 bytes, checksum: 24a4d4664a65dfad88ccdfe17b4a0c02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- German Andres Estrada Bonilla.pdf: 1652819 bytes, checksum: 24a4d4664a65dfad88ccdfe17b4a0c02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-09 / Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major world crops, being widely consumed among people from five continents. In recent years research have increased in relation to the use of plant growth promoting diazotrophic bacteria (PGPB) as a possible solution to reduce the use of chemical nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological potential and inorganic phosphate (IP) solubilization capacity of different diazotrophic strains isolated from rice plants grown in different regions of Brazil as well as to evaluate their role in the development of rice plants. Firstly, the culture media employed to test the phosphate solubilization in petri dishes were standardized. In this study 49 strains were tested for their capability of solibilizing tricalcium phosphate in NBRIP and GL solid media. Afterwards, the soluble P, pH, population and the index of solubilization (IS) were quantified for 7 IP solubilizing strains grown in the NBRIP liquid medium. The IP solubilizing isolates were also tested for the production of indolic compounds (IAA) and the nitrogen fixation capacity through the acetylene reduction activity (ARA). The isolates were taxonomical identified through the amplification and partial sequencing of 16S RNAr and nifH genes. Three of these strains and the controls H. seropedicae ZAE94, G diazotrophicus PAL5 and A.chroochoccum AC1 were tested in greenhouse conditions in association with rice plants. All strains that solubilized IP in NBRIP liquid medium decreased the medium pH while the bacterial population remained around 108 cfu ml-1 for up to 15 days. All strains were capable to produce indole compounds and reduced acetylene. The partial analysis of 16S RNAr and nifH gene indicated the identification of the species Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Burkholderia vietnamiensis and B. kururiensis species. All strains showed an increase in the range of 33 and 47% in grain yield when tricalcium phosphate (PTC) was applied and between 18 and 44% when PSS (simple superphosphate) was used. In general, all of the strains stimulated an increase of total P in the grain and a greater harvest index. The use of these strains as bioinculant is promising and therefore it is necessary to test in the field conditions / O arroz (Oryza sativa L.) ? uma das principais culturas cultivadas, sendo amplamente consumida nos cinco continentes. Nos ?ltimos anos as pesquisas t?m aumentado em rela??o ao uso de bact?rias diazotr?ficas e promotoras de crescimento vegetal (BPCV), como uma poss?vel solu??o para diminuir o uso de fertilizantes qu?micos nitrogenados e fosfatados. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial fisiol?gico e a capacidade de solubiliza??o de fosfato inorg?nico (PI) de diferentes estirpes de bact?rias diazotr?ficas oriundas de plantas de arroz cultivadas em diferentes regi?es do Brasil e seu papel no desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz. Primeiramente foi padronizado o meio de cultura a ser empregado nos ensaios de solubiliza??o de fosfato inorg?nico em placas de petri. Neste estudo foram testadas 49 estirpes em quanto sua capacidade de solubilizar fosfato tric?lcico (PTC) nos meios s?lidos NBRIP e GL. Em seguida foi quantificado o P sol?vel, pH, a popula??o de bact?rias e ?ndice de solubiliza??o (IS) das 7 estirpes solubilizadoras de PI em meio l?quido NBRIP. As estirpes solubilizadoras de PI tamb?m foram testadas quanto ? produ??o de compostos ind?licos (AIA) e capacidade de fixar nitrog?nio atrav?s da atividade de redu??o e acetileno (ARA). As estirpes foram identificadas atrav?s da amplifica??o e do sequenciamento parcial dos genes 16S RNAr e gene nifH. Tr?s destas estirpes foram testadas em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o junto com os controles Herbaspirillum seropedicae BR11417 (ZAE94), Gluconacetobacter diazotophicus BR11281 (PAL5) e Azotobacter Chroochoccum AC1 quanto ? capacidade de aumentar o desenvolvimento e produ??o de plantas de arroz. Todas as estirpes que solubilizaram PI no meio de cultura NBRIP l?quido influenciaram na diminui??o do pH do meio enquanto que a popula??o se manteve em torno de 108 ufc.ml-1 por at? 15 dias. Todas as estirpes apresentaram capacidade de produzir compostos ind?licos e foram capazes de reduzir acetileno. A an?lise parcial do gene 16S RNAr e do gene nifH das sete estirpes possibilitou a identifica??o das esp?cies Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Burkholderia vietnamiensis e B. kururiensis. Todas as estirpes promoveram um aumento na produ??o de massa seca nos gr?os entre 33 e 47% quando foi utilizado o PTC e de 18 a 44% quando foi utilizado o fosfato super simples (PSS). Em geral, todas as estirpes estimularam um maior acumulo de N e P total no gr?o e um maior ?ndice de colheita. O uso dessas estirpes como bioinoculante ? bastante promissor e portanto torna-se necess?rio test?-las em condi??es de campo.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz_Claudio_Offemann.pdf: 946925 bytes, checksum: 6e708b213cd6fa0ed040f9f73a3bc05e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined use of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation by seed and foliar application, associated to nitrogen fertilization on the agronomic characteristics of wheat. The experiment was installed in greenhouse on May 24th 2014, for this purpose, vases were used with capacity 15 dm3, in which were conducted 4 plants. The harvest proceeded on September 12th 2014, to 111 after emergence. The experimental design was a randomized block factorial 2 x 2 x 3, with four repetitions. The first factor was formed by the absence or presence of seed inoculation with A. brasilense. The second by nitrogen fertilization at doses of 70 and 140 Kg ha-1 (50 and 100% respectively). The third factor by application by foliar spraying of A. brasilense in the stages of tillering, booting and two applications, the first in the tillering and the second in booting. Were evaluated the biometric parameters of the culture at the end of the silking stage, the production components at the end of crop cycle. Were also evaluated gas exchange rates in the flag leaf and contents of macronutrients N, P and K in leaves and grains. It can be concluded that the use of A. brasilense, applied by foliar spraying, promotes increases in average internode length, average length of ears, dry leaves mass, ears and root, root volume and nitrogen content in leaves, besides maximize the effect of nitrogen fertilization. Gas exchange measurements and leaf nutrient content, were affected positively only by the higher nitrogen dose / Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o uso combinado de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense, via semente e pulverização foliar, associada à adubação nitrogenada, nas características agronômicas da cultura do trigo. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação no dia 24 de maio de 2014. Foram utilizados vasos com capacidade de 15 dm3, nos quais foram conduzidas 4 plantas. A colheita foi realizada no dia 12 de setembro de 2014, aos 111 dias após a emergência. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi formado pela ausência ou presença de inoculação das sementes com A. brasilense. O segundo pela fertilização nitrogenada nas doses de 70 e 140 kg ha-1 (50 e 100% respectivamente). O terceiro fator pela aplicação via pulverização foliar de A. brasilense nos estádios de perfilhamento, espigamento e duas aplicações, sendo a primeira no perfilhamento e a segunda no espigamento. Foram avaliados os parâmetros morfométricos ao final do estádio de espigamento, os componentes da produção ao final do ciclo. Também foram avaliadas as taxas de trocas gasosas na folha bandeira e teores dos macronutrientes N, P e K em folhas e grãos. Pode-se concluir que A. brasilense, aplicado via pulverização foliar, promove incrementos em comprimento médio de entrenós, comprimento médio de espigas, massa da matéria seca de folhas, espigas e raízes, volume de raízes e teor de nitrogênio nas folhas. As medidas de trocas gasosas e teor de nutrientes nas folhas foram influenciadas positivamente apenas pela maior dose de nitrogênio

En raison de leur capacité à former une symbiose avec des bactéries du sol appelées Rhizobium, ces bactéries fixent l’azote atmosphérique et leurs plantes-hôtes n’ont donc pas besoin de fertilisant azoté, les légumineuses jouent un rôle important dans l'agriculture. En outre, certaines souches de Rhizobium ont la capacité de solubiliser le phosphate, fournissant ainsi du phosphore assimilable aux plantes hôtes. Une aptitude à lutter contre certains agents pathogènes a aussi été démontrée dans plusieurs études. La présente étude évalue l’efficacité symbiotique de rhizobiums tunisiens, leur capacité à solubiliser le phosphate, et leur aptitude à lutter contre la verticilliose ainsi que d’autres champignons pathogènes chez Medicago truncatula. Trente-six isolats de rhizobiums prélevés sur des nodules racinaires de M. truncatula provenant de différentes régions de Tunisie ont été obtenus pour ce travail. Environ 60% de ces isolats étaient capables de solubiliser le phosphate in vitro. Dans une seconde étape, trois rhizobiums solubilisant le phosphate et un isolat incapable de solubiliser le phosphate in vitro ont été utilisés pour des essais en phytotron afin de voir l’effet de la présence des rhizobiums sur les paramètres de croissance des plantes en présence de phosphate inorganique sous forme de CaHPO4 et rocheux sous forme brute. Les résultats de l’essai montrent que les plantes de la lignée A17 traitées au CaHPO4, ont tendance à produire plus de nodules et de biomasse aérienne que la lignée F83005.5 et que la forme du phosphate utilisé, soluble ou non soluble, affecte les paramètres étudiés. L'inoculation de quatre lignées de M. truncatula avec 16 isolats de rhizobium sélectionnés auparavant a montré une interaction significative entre les isolats et les lignées pour la symbiose visible par la formation de nodules. Tous les isolats de rhizobium testés ont augmenté la biomasse aérienne des plantes, réduit la biomasse racinaire et entraîné une teneur plus élevée en azote mais l’effet dépendait de l’isolat de rhizobium et de la lignée de M. truncatula utilisés. Enfin, ces isolats ont été testés pour leur capacité à protéger des plantes de M. truncatula contre une maladie racinaire, la verticilliose. Des activités antagonistes in vitro contre divers champignons pathogènes dont Verticillium et Fusarium ont également été recherchées permettant d’identifier un isolat efficace pour la lutte biologique. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que des isolats de rhizobium sélectionnés pourraient être utilisés comme biofertilisants dans les sols pauvres pour réduire l'utilisation d'engrais chimiques azotés et phosphorés mais pas pour lutter contre la verticilliose. / Because of their ability to form a symbiosis with soil bacteria called Rhizobium, legumes play an important role in agriculture. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen; hence their host plants do not need nitrogen fertilizers. In addition, some strains of Rhizobium have the ability to solubilize phosphate, thus providing phosphorus to host plants. An ability to control certain pathogens has also been demonstrated in several studies. The present study evaluates the symbiotic efficiency of Tunisian rhizobia, their ability to solubilize phosphate, and their ability to control Verticillium wilt and other pathogenic fungi in Medicago truncatula. Thirty-six rhizobial isolates were obtained from root nodules of M. truncatula from different parts of Tunisia were used in this work. About 60% of these isolates were able to solubilize phosphate in vitro. In a second step, three phosphate solubilizing rhizobia and one isolate unable to solubilize phosphate in vitro were used for phytotron assays to see the effect of the presence of rhizobia on plant growth parameters in the presence of soluble and insoluble forms of phosphate. The results of the experiment show that A17 plants treated with CaHPO4, tend to produce more nodules and shoot biomass than F83005.5 and that the phosphate form used, soluble or non-soluble, affects parameters studied. Inoculation of four M. truncatula lines with 16 previously selected rhizobial isolates showed significant interaction between isolates and lines for symbiotic abilities as visualised by nodule formation. All rhizobial isolates tested increased above-ground biomass, reduced root biomass, and increased nitrogen content with strains effects of plant genotype and bacterial isolate. Finallly, these isolates were tested for their ability to protect M. truncatula plants against Verticillium wilt, and to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi such as Verticillium and Fusarium in vitro. However, no isolate could be identified as effective for biological control. The results of this study suggest that selected rhizobial isolates could be used as biofertilizers in poor soils to reduce the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers but not to control Verticillium wilt.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 modesto_vc_dr_ilha.pdf: 1942793 bytes, checksum: 5e4c2f5360a6bf49cb3a16b3cd63b283 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O uso de bactérias diazotróficas promotoras de crescimento, aliados à adubação nitrogenada em Sistemas Integrados de Produção Agropecuária (SIPAs), têm proporcionado resultados satisfatório s na região do Cerrado brasileiro. Sendo assim, objetivou - se em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico típico argiloso cultivado em SIPA e sob Sistema Plantio Direto ( SPD ) , em área irrigada e de sequeiro , no Cerrado de baixa altitude , durante as safras e entressafras de 2014/15 e 2015/16 avaliar, no primeiro experimento, o efeito da inoculação ou não por Azospirillum brasilense nas sementes de milho e de capim - marandu sobre o crescimento, componentes de produção e produtividade de matéria s eca, parte aérea e grãos . O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualiz ados (DBC) , com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos: T1 - Milho (exclusivo) inoculad o , T2 - consórcio com capim - marandu sem inoculação, T3 - consórcio com inoculação das sementes do capim - marandu , T4 - consórcio com in oculação das sementes do milho, T5 - Milho (exclusivo) sem inoculação e T6 - consórcio com inoculação em ambas as sementes (milho e capim - marandu) . Ao final de cada ciclo produtivo do milho, nas parcelas onde havia capim, foi instalado o segundo experimento, cujo objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo da forragem e seu valor nutritivo, por efeito da aplicação foliar do inoculante ou adubação nitrogenada (200 kg ha - 1 de N ano - 1 ) em quatro cortes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o DBC , com quatro repetições em três tratamentos: T1 - aplicação do inoculante via foliar, T2 – ureia à lanço e T3 – controle. Além disso, f oram avaliadas as proprieda des físicas e químicas do solo e o desempenho econôm ico do s SIPA s sob SPD, visando constatar a sustentabilidade e lucratividade nos manejos adotados. Em área irrigada , o consórcio inoculado na semente do milho incrementou o acúmulo de nutrientes, a produtividade de grãos e de palhada . Em área de sequeiro, independentemente dos sistemas de cultivo , a inoculação do milho promoveu maior acúmulo de nutrientes, produtividade de grã os e palhada. Independente se em área irrigada ou em sequeiro, a produtividade de matéria seca do capim - marandu, foi semelhante quando adubada com 20 0 kg ha - 1 de N ano - 1 ou inoculada com A . brasilense via foliar, e sem alteração na composição bromatológica. O consórcio , em ambas as áreas independentemente da inoculação, manteve - se ou melhorou a qualidade físico - química do solo após dois anos de cultivo. Os sistemas são economicamente viáveis, tanto em cultivo irrigado ou em sequeiro. / The use of plant growth promoting bacteria (BPCV), with nitrogen fertilization in Crop - Livestock Systems (CL I), have provided satisfactory results in the Brazilian Cerrado. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of BPCV inoculation on maize and palisade grass seeds ( Urochloa brizantha cv Marandu) on the growth, yield components and dry matt er and grain productivity in a Oxysoil cultivated under CLI system and no - tillage system in irrigated and dry land in the Cerrado o f low altitude. The experiment was a complete randomized block , with four replications. T reatments were composed of maize cul tivated exclusively or intercropped with the palisade grass, inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense on maize and / or grass seeds; Were carried out during the conduction of the experiments, at the end of each productive cycle , during the 2014/15, 2015/16 agricultural years, the production and productivity components of maize, maize straw and biomass of palisade grass, produc tive performance of forage and i t ́ s nutritive value due to the application or not of nitrogen fertilization or application by leaf or not of the inoculant, at each cut, from autumn to spring, evaluation of the physicochemical properties, besides the economic performance of the CLI under no - tillage system, aimin g to verify the sustainability a nd profitability in management. In irrigated a reas, the intercropping inoculated with A. brasilense on corn seed increased nutrient accumulation, grain yield and straw yield for continuity of CLI. In rainfed area, regardless of not intercropping or intercropping with palisade grass, inoculation of cor n by A. brasilense promoted greater accumulation of nutrients, grain yield and straw. Irrigated or rainfed yields were similar when fertilized with 50 kg ha - 1 of N or inoculated with A. brasilense by foliar spraying, and with no alteration in the bromatolo gical composition. The maize + palisade grass intercropping , in both areas regardless of inoculation, maintained or improved the physical - chemical quality of the soil after two years of intercropping . The systems are economically viable, either in irrigate d or rainfed agriculture. / 2014/02697-1

Orientador: Marcelo Andreotti / Abstract: The use of plant growth promoting bacteria (BPCV), with nitrogen fertilization in Crop - Livestock Systems (CL I), have provided satisfactory results in the Brazilian Cerrado. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of BPCV inoculation on maize and palisade grass seeds ( Urochloa brizantha cv Marandu) on the growth, yield components and dry matt er and grain productivity in a Oxysoil cultivated under CLI system and no - tillage system in irrigated and dry land in the Cerrado o f low altitude. The experiment was a complete randomized block , with four replications. T reatments were composed of maize cul tivated exclusively or intercropped with the palisade grass, inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense on maize and / or grass seeds; Were carried out during the conduction of the experiments, at the end of each productive cycle , during the 2014/15, 2015/16 agricultural years, the production and productivity components of maize, maize straw and biomass of palisade grass, produc tive performance of forage and i t ́ s nutritive value due to the application or not of nitrogen fertilization or application by leaf or not of the inoculant, at each cut, from autumn to spring, evaluation of the physicochemical properties, besides the economic performance of the CLI under no - tillage system, aimin g to verify the sustainability a nd profitability in management. In irrigated a reas, the intercropping inoculated with A. brasilense on corn seed increased nutrient accum... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumo: O uso de bactérias diazotróficas promotoras de crescimento, aliados à adubação nitrogenada em Sistemas Integrados de Produção Agropecuária (SIPAs), têm proporcionado resultados satisfatório s na região do Cerrado brasileiro. Sendo assim, objetivou - se em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico típico argiloso cultivado em SIPA e sob Sistema Plantio Direto ( SPD ) , em área irrigada e de sequeiro , no Cerrado de baixa altitude , durante as safras e entressafras de 2014/15 e 2015/16 avaliar, no primeiro experimento, o efeito da inoculação ou não por Azospirillum brasilense nas sementes de milho e de capim - marandu sobre o crescimento, componentes de produção e produtividade de matéria s eca, parte aérea e grãos . O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualiz ados (DBC) , com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos: T1 - Milho (exclusivo) inoculad o , T2 - consórcio com capim - marandu sem inoculação, T3 - consórcio com inoculação das sementes do capim - marandu , T4 - consórcio com in oculação das sementes do milho, T5 - Milho (exclusivo) sem inoculação e T6 - consórcio com inoculação em ambas as sementes (milho e capim - marandu) . Ao final de cada ciclo produtivo do milho, nas parcelas onde havia capim, foi instalado o segundo experimento, cujo objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo da forragem e seu valor nutritivo, por efeito da aplicação foliar do inoculante ou adubação nitrogenada (200 kg ha - 1 de N ano - 1 ) em quatro cortes. O delineamento experimental u... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Les plantes se développent et évoluent en interaction avec les organismes du sol. L'impact des vers de terre sur la croissance des plantes, généralement positif, a été attribué à des modifications physiques, chimiques ou biochimiques du sol, souvent sans démonstration rigoureuse. Dans ce travail, les techniques développées en sciences du végétal (culture in vitro, utilisation de mutants et transcriptomique) ont été utilisées afin de comprendre les mécanismes à l'origine de l'effet des vers de terre sur les plantes. Nos résultats apportent de nouvelles connaissances fondamentales: (1) la production de molécules-signal à l'intérieur des déjections de vers de terre a un impact significatif sur la croissance d'Oryza sativa et Lolium perenne. (2) Ces molécules agissent sur la voie de signalisation fortement liée à l'auxine, comme suggéré par l'effet significatif du ver de terre sur la croissance du double mutant d'A. thaliana aux1-7;axr4-2. (3) L'abondance de ces molécules-signal en présence de vers de terre pourrait être liée à la stimulation de certaines populations bactériennes capables de synthétiser de l'auxine. (4) Le ver de terre induit une accumulation de transcrits pour des gènes sous contrôle de l'acide jasmonique et de l'éthylène. Ces hormones sont notamment impliquées dans un mécanisme de résistance systémique induite (ISR), connu pour être induit par certaines rhizobactéries promotrices de la croissance des plantes. Enfin, (5) le piétin échaudage, maladie due à un champignon pathogène, déclenche chez le blé (Triticum aestivum) une réaction d'hypersensibilité et une modification de la signalisation hormonale, qui sont considérées comme des mécanismes de contrôle du métabolisme de la plante qui facilitent l'infection du pathogène. La sévérité de cette maladie est réduite en présence de vers de terre. La synthèse de ces résultats indique que les vers de terre, comme d'autres organismes du sol, modifient l'équilibre hormonal de la plante. L'homéostasie hormonale apparaît comme un élément incontournable pour prédire l'issue des interactions multiples que les plantes entretiennent avec les organismes du sol / Plants develop and evolve in interaction with soil organisms. The impact of earthworms, likely positive, has been attributed to modifications of physical, chemical or biochemical soil properties, without rigorous demonstration. In this work, techniques developed in plant science (in vitro culture, use of mutant plants and trancriptomic analysis) were used to understand the mechanism involved in the effect of earthworms on plants. Our results bring new fundamental knowledge: (1) production of signal-molecules within earthworm dejections has a positive impact on the growth of Oryza sativa and Lolium perenne. (2) These molecules act on auxin signaling, as suggested by the positive impact of the earthworm on the growth of A. thaliana double mutant aux1-7;axr4-2. (3) The abundance of these signal-molecules in presence of the earthworms could be related to the stimulation of bacterial communities able to produce auxin. (4) Earthworms induce an accumulation of gene transcripts known to be under control of jasmonic acid and ethylene. These two hormones are most notably involved in the defense mechanism called induced systemic resistance (ISR), known to be induced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Finally, (5) Take-all disease, due to a pathogenic fungus, induced in wheat (Triticum aestivum) a hypersensitive response and a modification on hormone signaling, which are known as manipulations of plant metabolism in a way that facilitates pathogen infection. The severity of take-all disease was alleviated in the presence of earthworms. Synthesis of these results showed that earthworms, like other soil organisms, modify the hormone balance in the plant. Hormone homeostasis appeared to be an important element to predict the issue of the multiple interactions that plants established with soil organisms