Esse trabalho mostra alguns aspectos construtivos e de sistema que devem fazer parte do projeto e da especificação de um transformador elevador, também conhecido na literatura como generator step-up transformer. O projeto do equipamento é baseado em sua especificação técnica. No entanto, algumas vezes observa-se que a especificação técnica não contempla alguns pontos de extrema importância e que poderão ser cruciais para o bom desempenho do transformador quando em serviço. Transformadores elevadores estão sujeitos a distúrbios do sistema onde operam. O efeito desses distúrbios no equipamento pode ser atenuado através de uma especificação técnica que seja a mais completa possível, no sentido de fornecer informações a respeito do sistema e conexão do transformador tanto ao gerador quanto à rede elétrica; por parte do fabricante cabe o trabalho de interpretar a especificação do equipamento, a fim de projetar um equipamento que opere de forma satisfatória face aos requisitos especificados. / This work presents some constructive and operational aspects that should be take into account on the transformer design and specification. The design of the equipment is based on its technical specification. However, sometimes, it is observed that the technical specification does not contemplate some important points which could be crucial for the good transformer performance when in service. Generator step-up transformers are subject to some system disturbance where they are connected. The effect of these disturbances on the equipment could be minimize with a technical specification as complete as possible, on the sense of provide information regarding the network and connections between generator and power transformer. On the other hand, the manufacturer has the responsibility to interpret the technical requirements in order to design an equipment that operates satisfactory.

Esse trabalho mostra alguns aspectos construtivos e de sistema que devem fazer parte do projeto e da especificação de um transformador elevador, também conhecido na literatura como generator step-up transformer. O projeto do equipamento é baseado em sua especificação técnica. No entanto, algumas vezes observa-se que a especificação técnica não contempla alguns pontos de extrema importância e que poderão ser cruciais para o bom desempenho do transformador quando em serviço. Transformadores elevadores estão sujeitos a distúrbios do sistema onde operam. O efeito desses distúrbios no equipamento pode ser atenuado através de uma especificação técnica que seja a mais completa possível, no sentido de fornecer informações a respeito do sistema e conexão do transformador tanto ao gerador quanto à rede elétrica; por parte do fabricante cabe o trabalho de interpretar a especificação do equipamento, a fim de projetar um equipamento que opere de forma satisfatória face aos requisitos especificados. / This work presents some constructive and operational aspects that should be take into account on the transformer design and specification. The design of the equipment is based on its technical specification. However, sometimes, it is observed that the technical specification does not contemplate some important points which could be crucial for the good transformer performance when in service. Generator step-up transformers are subject to some system disturbance where they are connected. The effect of these disturbances on the equipment could be minimize with a technical specification as complete as possible, on the sense of provide information regarding the network and connections between generator and power transformer. On the other hand, the manufacturer has the responsibility to interpret the technical requirements in order to design an equipment that operates satisfactory.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The Common Airborne Instrumentation System (CAIS) was developed under the auspices of the Department of Defense to promote standardization, commonality, and interoperability among flight test instrumentation. The central characteristic of CAIS is a common suite of equipment used across service boundaries and in many airframe and weapon systems. The CAIS system has many advanced capabilities which must be tested during ground support and system test. There is a need for a common set of low cost, highly capable ground support hardware and software tools to facilitate these tasks. The ground support system should combine commonly available PC-based telemetry tools with unique devices needed for CAIS applications (such as CAIS Bus Emulator, CAIS Hardware Simulator, etc.). An integrated software suite is imperative to support this equipment. A CAIS Ground Support Unit (GSU) has been developed to promote these CAIS goals. This paper presents the capabilities and features of a PC-based CAIS GSU, emphasizing those features that are unique to CAIS. Hardware tools developed to provide CAIS Bus Emulation and CAIS Hardware Simulation are also described.

BACKGROUND: Clinical facilities are essential components not only for health care delivery systems but also for health care education programs. The clinical learning environment is important in training the future workforce in healthcare. Respiratory therapy education programs face several issues with the need to prepare a proper learning environment in different clinical settings. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of respiratory therapy students on the learning environment of clinical facilities affiliated with a respiratory therapy program at an urban state university. METHODS: This study used an exploratory research design to evaluate the essential aspects of a clinical learning environment in respiratory therapy education. A self-reporting survey was utilized to gather data from 34 respiratory therapy students regarding their perception about the effectiveness of clinical facilities in respiratory therapy education. The researcher utilized The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES+T) evaluation scale that was developed by Sarrikoski et al. (2008). The CLES+T evaluation scale was adapted and modified after a written agreement from the author. The survey included three main domains, which are the clinical learning environment (18 items), the supervision relationship (15 items), and the role of clinical instructors (9 items). Thirty-two students participated in the survey with a response rate of 94.1%. RESULTS: Responses included two groups of students: the second year undergraduate (68.8%) and graduate students (31.3%), with 75% being female participants. The results obtained from the study indicated that both graduate and undergraduate respiratory therapy students gave high mean scores to the learning environment of the clinical facilities, supervisory relationship and the roles of clinical instructors. A statistically significant data was obtained pertaining to the difference of perceptions regarding the multi-dimensional learning between the graduate and undergraduate students. The graduate students evaluated that “the learning situation are multi-dimensional” more than the undergraduate students (p = 0.03). Findings of this study showed that female students had higher ratings than male students in all evaluations of clinical facilities. However, only one dimension of leadership style stating that “the effort of individual employees was appreciated” was statistically significant (p=0.03). The results stating, the presence of a significant percentage of the students with lack of successful private supervision and high percentage of failed supervisory relationship, are in contrast with the fact that clinical learning plays a vital role in the respiratory therapy education. It is also contrasting that majority of the students experienced team supervision, which is against the philosophy and principles of individualization. CONCLUSION: Since respiratory therapy is a practice-based profession, it is essential to integrate clinical education to respiratory care education. Gender and education level may impact students’ perceptions about the learning environment of clinical facilities. This study provides information about areas for improvement in clinical facilities affiliated with a respiratory care education program at an urban university.