In contemporary society with a rapid high-rise development, a growing number of tangible and intangible heritages are suffered from serious threats of destruction with changes in social, environmental and economic conditions. Despite heritage conservation and tourism development have been controversial issues in recent years; it seems that heritage conservation and sustainable tourism are always losing in economic or new developments. In this study, it aims to explore the relationship between heritage conservation and sustainable tourism, and identify local needs and aspirations on regenerating the area through data collection, and suggest three factors which shall be concerned and are effective to guide the future planning process of heritage conservation how to promote culturally sustainable tourism. There are two assets of heritage, tangible and intangible assets, both are significant for conservation, meanwhile, sustainability reflects to social, economic and environmental elements. That is to say, social and cultural issues are both importance of heritage conservation and sustainable development. However, social and intangible aspects, such as customs, lifestyle, culture, arts, are rarely concerned through heritage conservation as a part of urban regeneration in Guangzhou. Through theoretical investment and overseas experiences, this study suggests promoting culturally sustainable tourism. The recommendation emphasizes advocating sustainable tourism in a holistic view. Taking as a case study, En Ning Lu is an urban regeneration project which combine concept of the heritage conservation and urban regeneration, meanwhile, it has great potential to retain and promote local and Lingnan culture by enhancing sustainable tourism. Therefore, it emphasizes that the significance of the incorporation between heritage conservation, urban regeneration and sustainability, and through the three factors, namely politic, management of cultural landscapes and compatibility between new development and old town, to provide a workable suggestion for sustainable tourism, particularly in terms of cultural aspect. The proposed formulation for developing En Ning Lu serves as a sample for other urban regeneration projects in Guangzhou. And it is hope to guide Guangzhou forwards heritage conservation, urban regeneration and sustainable development via these recommendations that summarized in the study. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of smoking in China, exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) is a serious public health issue. However, school-aged children’s behavioral responses to SHS exposure and the associated factors are unclear. Aims: This study aims to (a) identify the sources and settings of SHS exposure among school-aged sick children and their mothers in Guangzhou, China; (b) describe the behavioral responses of those children and mothers when exposed to SHS; and (c) examine the personal and environmental factors associated with children’s responses to SHS exposure. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative methods were combined in this study. Forty-five in-depth individual interviews were conducted to investigate sick school-aged children and their mothers’ understanding of and responses to SHS. A pilot survey was used to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and the feasibility of the study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with the children and their mothers at three hospitals in Guangzhou in 2012. All sick children who were aged 6 to 12 years, able to communicate in Mandarin Chinese, and not acutely or severely ill, along with their nonsmoking mothers, were invited to join this study. Results: A total of 339 pairs of sick children and their mothers were included in the data analysis. Of these pairs, 169 (49.9%) lived with smokers. All sick children and their mothers experienced high-level SHS and third hand smoke (THS) exposure inside or outside the home. Those living with nonsmokers were also at risk of household SHS and THS exposure from guests. Most of the sick school-aged children were unaware of the dangers of SHS and THS, while the mothers had a better understanding of SHS and THS. The majority of children would adopt self-protective behaviors when exposed to SHS. The regression model for children’s behavioral responses to SHS exposure by family smokers found two significant factors: amount of social support and family smoke-free policy. Five factors were associated with children’s behavioral responses to SHS exposure by guest smokers, including boys, living with smokers, amount of social support, family members informed of the dangers of smoking, and fathers protecting children from SHS. The amount of social support, and fathers protecting children from SHS were also associated with children’s behavioral responses to SHS exposure by stranger smokers. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe self-protective behavioral responses to SHS exposure among sick school-aged children in mainland China and the personal and environmental factors associated with these responses. Boys, living with smokers, and a partial smoke-free policy at home were negatively related to children’s responses to SHS exposure; however, more information about smoking, fathers’ protection from SHS, and information about the harms of smoking by family members were associated with greater self-protection among sick school-aged children. Therefore, multiple-direction interventions should be considered for children’s health promotion about smoking and SHS. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Philosophy

Objective: To describe and compare the characteristics of blood donors and non-donors and to examine factors associated with donation, including motivators and barriers of blood donation in Guangzhou, China. Design: Cross-sectional survey using self-administered standardized structured questionnaires on both donors and non-donors. Setting: 12 mobile and 4 permanent blood donation stations in Guangzhou during the whole operation time. Participants: 500 blood donors who donated at the donation sites and 500 non-donors who never donated and passed by the station were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire during Dec 10, 2013 to Jun 25, 2014. Main outcome measures: Blood donation or no donation. Results: 1080 questionnaires were collected, of which 1034(95.7%) questionnaires were valid. 602(58.2%) participants were donors and 432(41.8%) were non-donors. Older people (OR: 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.24 to 1.72, p<0.01), males (1.33, CI: 1.02 to 1.71, p=0.03), non-college-students (1.76, CI: 1.16 to 2.56, p<0.01) and people with higher education level (1.27, CI: 1.11 to 1.45, p<0.01) were more likely to be donors. The main objective of blood donation was helping patients (n=405, 68.2%), and the main reason of not donating was being in poor health (n=138, 33.1%). However, other motives, such as benefiting health and free check for blood type and body, and obstacles, such as failing to meet the requirements and fear, were also important. More male donors would donate again than females (80.5% vs. 68.5%, p<0.01), whereas more female donors showed uncertainty than males (25.9% vs. 16.6%, p<0.01). Usage of blood (n=182, 46.7%) was what non-donors wanted to know the most if they were to donate in the future. The majority of participants (n=730, 71.3%) considered raising the awareness of blood donation among people was one of the most effective ways of blood donation promotion. Television was considered as one of the most effective methods of blood donation promotion and recruitment, and was more acceptable to females. Younger participants preferred the internet. Conclusion: These findings suggest that raising the awareness of blood donation is vital. Campaigns should focus on multiple aspects targeting different groups of people. Television and the internet are useful tools of blood donation promotion and recruitment. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Language Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 357-390).

by Chu Sheng Hua. / Thesis submitted in: December 2000. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-134). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / "List of Map, Tables and Figures" / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Consumption: The Prism of Contemporary China / Chapter I. --- Introduction: Consumption in China --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Material Conditions under Communist China --- p.3 / Chapter III --- . The Advent into a Consumer Society --- p.4 / Chapter ■ --- Increase in the Level of Affluence / Chapter ■ --- De-regularisation of the Marketing System / Chapter ■ --- Emergence of a Capital Owning Class / Chapter ■ --- Explosion of Consumption Information / Chapter ■ --- Change in Consumption Structures --- p.11 / Chapter IV. --- Guangzhou: Center of Consumption / Chapter ■ --- Location / Chapter ■ --- One Step Ahead --- p.15 / Chapter V. --- Objectives of Study --- p.17 / Chapter VI. --- Organisation of Thesis / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Sociological Theorising of Consumption： Thematic Issues / Chapter I. --- The Acknowledgement of Consumption: From Production to Consumption --- p.19 / Chapter II. --- Consumption as Communication --- p.21 / Chapter III. --- Consumption as Distinction --- p.22 / Chapter ■ --- Veblen: Leisure Class and Conspicuous Consumption / Chapter ■ --- "Bourdieu: Habitus, Taste and Cultural Capital" / Chapter ■ --- Lamont: Symbolic Boundaries / Chapter IV. --- Consumption as Pleasure and Play --- p.27 / Chapter V. --- "Consumption, Advertising and the Symbolic" --- p.28 / Chapter ■ --- Postmodernism and Baudrillard / Chapter ■ --- Consumption and the Symbolic: Theorising Lifestyle / Chapter ■ --- The Polemics / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Research Design / Chapter I. --- Conducting China Studies --- p.32 / Chapter II. --- Data Sources --- p.32 / Chapter ■ --- The Unobtrusive Method / Chapter ■ --- Sources of Data / Chapter III. --- Data Analysis --- p.35 / Chapter ■ --- Content Analysis / Chapter ■ --- Semiotic Analysis / Chapter ■ --- Symbolic Reality and Objective Reality / Chapter IV. --- Data Sampling --- p.39 / Chapter V. --- Analysing Advertisements --- p.42 / Chapter ■ --- Advertising Categories / Chapter ■ --- Advertising Formats / Chapter ■ --- Covert Advertisements / Chapter Chapter 4 --- "Advertising, Consumption and the New Middle Class" / Chapter I. --- The Re-birth of Advertising in China --- p.47 / Chapter ■ --- From Political to Marketing Tool / Chapter ■ --- Advertising Boom / Chapter II. --- A New World of Goods and Dreams --- p.49 / Chapter ■ --- Forms and Contents of Advertisements: From Product-oriented to Consumer-oriented / Chapter ■ --- Ownership of Goods / Chapter III. --- Market Segmentation: Locating the Middle Class and Their Consumption Patterns / Chapter ■ --- Market Segmentation and the New Middle Class / Chapter ■ --- Economic Capital and Consumption Patterns / Chapter ■ --- Cultural Capital and Taste / Chapter ■ --- Advertising and Consumption Categories / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Cultivating Differences I： Constructing the Ideal Home / Chapter I. --- Housing Reform and Rising Demand for Commodity Housing --- p.66 / Chapter II. --- Housing Advertisements --- p.68 / Chapter III. --- Advertising Themes: Alluding to the Middle Class Aspirations --- p.70 / Chapter ■ --- Establishing Class and Status Distinction / Chapter ■ --- Emphasis on Superiority/Luxury / Chapter ■ --- Desire of Naturalism / Chapter ■ --- Sports-oriented and Health-conscious / Chapter ■ --- Foreign Lifestyle / Chapter ■ --- Cultural Taste / Chapter ■ --- Education and Learning / Chapter IV. --- Ownership of Lifestyle --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Cultivating Differences II： Consuming Technologies / Chapter I. --- Modernisation and Good Life --- p.87 / Chapter II. --- The Modern Home Electrification --- p.89 / Chapter ■ --- Wither Tidal Wave Consumption? / Chapter ■ --- The Making of a Modern Home / Chapter III. --- Deciphering Information and Communication Technologies --- p.93 / Chapter ■ --- The Latest Gadgets / Chapter ■ --- Fashionable Lifestyle and Aesthetic Qualities / Chapter IV. --- Private Cars: Riding on the Tide of Consumerism --- p.99 / Chapter ■ --- Car Ownership / Chapter ■ --- Who are the Owners? / Chapter ■ --- Status Symbols / Chapter ■ --- Car as Person: Intelligent but Reserved / Chapter ■ --- Desire for Freedom and Touristic Experience / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion： Beyond Consumption / Chapter I. --- "Consumption, Advertising and Beyond" --- p.106 / Chapter II. --- Social Stratification and the Cultivation of Differences: Towards the Construction and Pursuit of a Middle Class Way of Life --- p.109 / Chapter III. --- New Sensibilities & Outlook --- p.111 / Chapter ■ --- "Stylisation, Aestheticisation and the Cultivation of a Lifestyle" / Chapter ■ --- Cultural Refinement and Sophistication / Chapter ■ --- Cosmopolitanism / Chapter IV. --- The Politics of Consumption --- p.116 / Chapter V. --- Consumption with Chinese Characteristics --- p.119 / Chapter VI. --- Suggestions for Future Studies --- p.122 / Bibliography --- p.126