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Childhood adversities as antecedents of suicide completionOstovar, Taravat January 2009 (has links)
Suicide is a worldwide challenge that is associated with an interactive multitude of health, social, environmental and familial factors. In spite of promising advances in research aimed at unraveling the complexity of this distressing behaviour, suicide continues to impact many individuals and families and is considered as one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality. Evidence from numerous studies has demonstrated childhood traumatic experiences as relevant risk factors for adult psychopathology and suicidal behaviour. Yet, not many research groups studying suicide have directly investigated the relationship between histories of childhood maltreatment and completed suicides. There appears to be a gray area in our understanding: Is suicide directly related to childhood abuse and neglect or do early traumatic life events predispose the individual to poor mental health which affects suicidality among the suicide completers. Studying this relationship may prove useful in assessing future suicide risk among high risk groups with psychiatric problems and childhood adversities. However, not all suicide completers suffer from psychopathology or have experienced childhood maltreatment. As the title suggests, this study aims to examine the relationship between childhood abuse and suicide completion and to investigate the frequency of traumatic childhood events (including sexual abuse, physical abuse, parental neglect, and family discord) so as to better understand and delineate the underlying risk factors associated with suicide. We used a psychological autopsy methodology with two different samples to examine the proportion of completed suicides directly associated with childhood abuse. We also explored types and frequency of childhood maltreatment among adult suicide completers. Based on previous findings among suicide attempters, we expected that high levels of sexual abuse would be found. We will pr / Le suicide est une problématique mondiale associée à une interaction de plusieurs facteurs sociaux, environnementaux, familiaux et de santé. Malgré les importants progrès dans la recherche visant à élucider la complexité de ce comportement inquiétant, le suicide continue d'ébranler plusieurs individus et familles et est considéré comme une des principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité. Plusieurs études ont démontré que les expériences traumatiques dans l'enfance constituent un important facteur de risque pour la psychopathologie adulte et le comportement suicidaire. Cependant, peu de groupes de recherche sur le suicide se sont directement adonnés à l'investigation de la relation entre les expériences de maltraitance à l'enfance et le suicide complété. Il semble y avoir une zone grise dans notre compréhension de ce lien : Le suicide est-il directement relié à l'abus et la négligence dans l'enfance où est-ce les expériences de vie traumatisantes qui prédisposent l'individu à des problèmes de santé mentale qui influencerait le comportement suicidaire au sein de ceux qui se suicident? L'étude de ce lien s'avèrerait utile dans l'évaluation du risque potentiel de suicide au sein des groupes à risques avec problèmes psychiatriques et adversités à l'enfance. Toutefois, parmi les individus ayant commis un suicide, les problèmes psychiatriques ou la maltraitance à l'enfance ne sont pas toujours présents. Comme le titre suggère, cette étude vise à examiner la relation entre l'abus à l'enfance et le suicide complété et à investiguer la fréquence d'expériences traumatiques à l'enfance (comprenant l'abus sexuel, l'abus physique, la négligence parentale et la discorde familiale) afin de mieux comprendre et de délimiter les facteurs de risques associés au suicide. Nous avons utilisé une méthode d'autopsie psychologique avec 2 différents échantillons afi
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A transform method and semiconductor detector system applied to regional cerebral blood flow analysis /Meyer, Ernst. January 1980 (has links)
A new transform analysis method is described for the quantitative analysis of radioactive inert gas washout curves to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by the intra-arterial bolus injection technique. This method is based upon a transformation of the original data, recorded with a unique semiconductor miniature detector system. It combines the valid features of the two most frequently used analysis techniques, namely, the compartmental and the stochastic, or height-over-area (H/A) methods. At the same time, the method avoids the recognized limitations or deficiencies of these two approaches. It gives for the first time information about the 'spectral' distribution of blood flow in various vascular compartments. The transform method, together with the combined use of beta-emitting krypton-85 and gamma-emitting xenon-133, has thus made possible a more exact interpretation of dynamic changes in rCBF as illustrated by its application in a variety of experimental and clinical models of disordered cerebral circulation.
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Evaluation of prostatic obstructionPéloquin, François January 1992 (has links)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition. Little is known about the criteria for selecting patients subjected to prostatic surgery. The aim of the study is to define obstruction. Two-hundred fourteen patients underwent a serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) determination, a rectal exam, a transrectal ultrasound, a uroflow and filled questionnaires for symptom score analysis. Patients with peak or mean flow below two standard deviations from the mean from the nomograms described by Siroky should be treated for BPH especially if they also present one of the following: obstructive score (AUA part A) $ ge$ 14, irritative score (AUA part A) $ ge$ 12, total objective score (AUA part A) $ ge$ 22 or a urethral resistance $ ge$ 42 cm H$ sb2$O. The transrectal ultrasound should be reserved for those with a suspicious rectal exam with a serum PSA $ ge$ 4 ng./cc. Six sextants biopsies of peripheral zone should be done in those with a PSA prostate $ ge$.2 ng./cc./gr. to rule out adenocarcinoma.
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Ventilation by high-frequency body-surface oscillation in rabbitsChartrand, Daniel, 1955- January 1989 (has links)
Ventilation by high-frequency body-surface oscillation (HFBSO) was studied in normal rabbits. Adequate ventilation and acceptable gas exchange took place during HFBSO from 3 to 15 Hz. The tidal volume required to maintain a normocapnic state was established at each frequency studied. Using catheter-tip micromanometers inserted in the esophagus or the superior vena cava, new techniques to measure high-frequency intrathoracic pressure oscillations were developed. Using a gamma-function to fit the thermodilution curve, a new technique was developed to measure the cardiac output in small animals. No detrimental hemodynamic effect was found during HFBSO used either for normocapnic ventilation or with large pressure oscillations (30 cm H$ sb{ rm 2}$O) in the body chamber. Finally, during normocapnic ventilation by HFBSO in normal rabbits, the mechanical behavior of the respiratory system was characterized using transfer impedances.
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Detection of human papillomavirus in primary site of oraloropharyngeal cancer and in cervical lymph nodes : correlation with clinico-pathological parameters and prognostic significanceAl-Qahtani, Khalid Hussain January 2005 (has links)
Objectives. (1) To Determine the presence of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52b, 58 subtypes in resected oral/oropharyngeal SCCA cancer and associated lymph nodes. (2) To Determine if a relationship exists between koilocytosis, tumor grade, stage, or prognosis. / Methods. Retrospective analysis and pathology review of patients with SCCA of the oral cavity at McGill in the last 5 years was performed. Age at diagnosis, risk factors, tumor stage, grade, koilocytosis, treatment, outcome, and presence of HPV by PCR were analysed. / Results. 199 patients included were included in the analyses; 5 years mortality was 18.5%. 146 cases reviewed by pathology revealed 67% koilocytosis. One sample was positive for HPV subtype 35 as determined by PCR. Radiotherapy (p<0,5) and complications from radiotherapy (p<0.5) significantly affected survival. / Conclusions. Many oral SCCA's do not contain HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52b, 58 subtypes. Given the high prevelence of koilocytosis, probe for other subtypes should be utilized. Mortality rates and survival are similar to those published in the literature. The presence of koilocytosis, it is not related grade, stage or prognosis. Only radiotherapy and its complications affect survival.
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Amiodarone and the risk of pacemaker insertion in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation : analysis of time-dependent exposure using nested case-control and survival analysis methodologiesEssebag, Vidal January 2003 (has links)
The nested case-control design is an efficient method of sampling from a cohort that is increasingly used in cardiovascular research to study causal relationships. This methodology can be used to analyze data from large administrative databases to evaluate potential cardiovascular adverse effects of medications. Using a nested case-control approach, this study investigated whether amiodarone therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) was associated with an increased risk of bradyarrhythmia requiring permanent pacemaker insertion. This previously unpublished adverse effect of amiodarone was evaluated in a province-wide database of Quebec residents with AF and a previous myocardial infarction. We found that amiodarone use was associated with a greater than twofold increase in the risk of permanent pacemaker insertion after adjusting for potential confounding factors and exposures to other cardiovascular medications. The effect of amiodarone dose on this risk was then evaluated with survival analysis using Cox regression with time-dependent covariates. The risk of permanent pacemaker insertion was found to be dose-dependent and greatest during the initial months of treatment when higher doses of amiodarone were used. The effect of amiodarone dose was reanalyzed using nested case-control methods in order to compare nested case-control and survival analysis approaches for evaluating time-dependent exposure. Expectedly similar risk estimates were obtained with superior computational efficiency using nested case-control methods. In conclusion, amiodarone is associated with a dose-dependent increased risk of permanent pacemaker insertion that should be taken into consideration when initiating amiodarone therapy for elderly patients with AF. The nested case-control design is a useful alternative for analysis of a cohort with time-dependent exposure, particularly when studying rare outcomes in large databases.
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Skeletal distribution of bisphosphonate after elution from porous implantsMcKenzie, Kimberly January 2010 (has links)
Skeletal attachment to an implant can be enhanced by locally delivering the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid from an implant. The purpose of this study was to map the skeletal distribution of locally delivered zoledronic acid. / A porous tantalum implant coated with hydroxyapatite and 14C-labelled zoledronic acid was implanted into the left femur of three dogs. After one year bone samples were taken from sites near to and distant from the implant. The amount of drug in each sample was determined using liquid scintillation counting and its distribution in peri-implant bone was additionally demonstrated using autoradiography. / All distant skeletal bone samples contained 11.8 ng/g zoledronic acid or less whereas bone immediately adjacent to the implant contained 388 ng/g. There was a 10-fold to 100-fold decrease in zoledronic acid content in bone just 1 or 2 cm away from the implant. Autoradiographs of thin bone-implant sections and bone sections revealed the highest concentration of zoledronic acid within and immediately adjacent to the implant. These data demonstrated for the first time that zoledronic acid eluted from an implant remained mainly local, with minimal systemic distribution. / L'attachement squelettique à un implant peut être amélioré en apportant de l'acide zoledronique de bisphosphonate de façon locale depuis l'implant. Le but de la présente étude était d'évaluer la distribution squelettique de l'acide zoledronique localement généré. / Un implant poreux de tantale enduit d'hydroxyapatite et d'acide 14C zoledronique a été implanté dans le fémur gauche de trois chiens. Après un an, plusieurs échantillons d'os, proches et éloignés de l'implant, ont été prélevés. La quantité de médicament dans chaque échantillon a ensuite été déterminée en utilisant un comptage par scintillation liquide; la distribution dans l'os autour de l'implant a aussi été demontré par autoradiographie. / Tous les échantillons prélevés loin de l'implant contenaient 11.8 ng/g d'acide zoledronique ou moins alors que ceux prélevés immédiatement à côté de l'implant contenaient 388 ng/g. Une diminution de 10 à 100 fois dans la teneur en acide zoledronique a été notée dans l'os situé seulement à 1 ou 2 cm de l'implant. Les autoradiographies des sections minces d'os-implant et des sections d'os ont indiqué que la concentration la plus élevée en acide zoledronique se situait dans l'implant et immédiatement à côté. Ces données démontrent, pour la première fois, que l'acide zoledronique élué d'un implant reste principalement local, avec une distribution systémique minimale.
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Calcification in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and ScoliosisHristova, Gergana January 2010 (has links)
In degenerative and scoliotic intervertebral discs (IVD), calcification is a pathological process that may lead to impairment of the nutrient supply and a disturbance in disc metabolism. However, the process of calcification in disc degeneration and scoliosis is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the calcification markers in IVD of patients with degenerative disc disease and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. For this purpose, 34 IVDs from 16 adult patients with degenerative disc disease and 25 IVDs from 9 adolescent patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were obtained after surgery or autopsy. The concave and the convex parts of the scoliotic discs were analyzed separately. Von Kossa staining was performed to visualize calcium deposits, while type X collagen expression, which is associated with endochondral ossification, was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations were used as markers of the calcification process. Results showed the presence of calcium deposits and type X collagen only in degenerative and scoliotic intervertebral discs, but not in control discs. Results also demonstrated a large individual variability in ALP activity and calcium and Pi concentrations in degenerative and scoliotic discs. Moreover, the level of the calcification markers was consistently higher in degenerative and scoliotic discs than in control discs. The results suggest that disc degeneration in adults involves mineral deposition and that mineralization in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis discs might reflect an ongoing premature degenerative process. / Dans les disques intervertébraux (DIV) dégénérés et de scoliose, la calcification est un processus pathologique qui peut mener à une diminution de l'apport nutritif et à un débalancement du métabolisme. Cependant, le processus de calcification de ces disques est très peu connu. Le but de la présente étude était d'évaluer le potentiel de calcification des DIVs de patients avec une maladie dégénérative des disques (MDD) ou avec une scoliose idiopathique chez l'adolescent (SIA). Pour ce faire 34 DIVs provenant de 16 adultes avec MDD et 25 DIVs de 9 patients avec SIA ont été obtenus après chirurgie ou autopsie. Les côtés convexe et concaves des disques scoliotiques on été analysés séparément. Une coloration de Von Kossa a été faite afin de visualiser les dépôts de calcium alors que l'expression du collagène de type X, associé à l'ossification endochondrale, a été mesurée par immunohistochimie et par buvardage de type Western. L'activité de la phosphatase alcaline (PA) ainsi que les concentrations de calcium et de phosphate inorganique (Pi) ont servi d'indicateurs du potentiel de calcification. Les résultats montrent la présence de dépôts de calcium et de collagène de type X uniquement dans les DIVs des patients ayant une MDD ou une SIA, mais non dans les disques témoins. Les résultats montrent également une grande variabilité individuelle de l'activité de la PA ainsi que des concentrations de calcium et de Pi. De plus, les niveaux de ces marqueurs du potentiel de calcification était plus élevés dans les disques dégénérés et scoliotiques que dans les disques témoins. Les résultats suggèrent que la dégénération du disque intervertébral adulte est associée à une déposition de minéraux et que la minéralisation du disque scoliotique pourrait refléter un processus de dégénération prématurée.
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Tissue-engineered nerve grafts with a capillary-like networkHébert-Blouin, Marie-Noëlle January 2010 (has links)
Introduction: A nerve graft is occasionally necessary for the treatment of traumatic peripheral nerve lesions. The gold standard remains the autograft, despite the study of multiple nerve guides as alternatives. This thesis utilizes a tissue-engineering approach to design an autologous nerve guide, with or without a capillary-like network. / Material and Methods: Human fibroblasts and endothelial cells were used to produce a tubular structure with a capillary-like network. The potential for these different nerve guides produced with a tissue-engineering approach to support nerve regeneration was studied with the rat sciatic nerve model. / Results: Tubular structures with and without a capillary-like network, composed entirely of human cells, can be produced with a new tissue-engineering technique. Despite evidence of some axonal regeneration, preliminary in vivo studies in the rat were negative. / Conclusion: This thesis presents an innovative tissue-engineering technique for the production of autologous nerve guides from human cells, with a capillary-like network. / Introduction: Une greffe nerveuse est parfois nécessaire pour le traitement des dommages aux nerfs périphériques. L'autogreffe demeure le traitement standard, malgré l'étude de plusieurs guides nerveux comme alternative. Cette thèse étudie la conception d'un guide tubulaire autologue, avec ou sans réseau de pseudo-capillaires, par une approche de génie tissulaire. / Matériel et méthodes: Des cellules humaines fibroblastiques et endothéliales ont été utilisées afin de produire une structure tubulaire avec un réseau de pseudo-capillaires. La régénération nerveuse supportée par les différents guides nerveux produits à partir du génie cellulaire a été testée avec le modèle de réparation nerveuse du nerf sciatique chez le rat. / Résultats: Des structures tubulaires avec un réseau de pseudo-capillaires, composées entièrement de cellules humaines, peuvent être produites en utilisant une nouvelle technique de génie tissulaire. Malgré l'évidence d'une certaine régénération axonale, les études préliminaires in vivo chez le rat sont négatives. / Conclusion: Cette thèse présente une approche de génie tissulaire innovatrice pour la création d'un guide nerveux autologue et possiblement endothélialisé à partir de cellules humaines de la peau.
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An evaluation of NCRP Report No. 151 - radiation shielding design for radiotherapy facilities, and a feasibility study for 6 MV open-door treatments in an existing high-energy radiation therapy bunkerKildea, John January 2010 (has links)
This thesis describes a study of shielding design techniques used for radiation therapy facilities that employ megavoltage linear accelerators. Specifically, an evaluation of the shielding design formalism described in NCRP report 151 was undertaken and a feasibility study for open-door 6 MV radiation therapy treatments in existing 6 MV, 18 MV treatment rooms at the Montreal General Hospital (MGH) was conducted. To evaluate the shielding design formalism of NCRP 151, barrier-attenuated equivalent doses were measured for several of the treatment rooms at the MGH and compared with expectations from NCRP 151 calculations. It was found that, while the insight and recommendations of NCRP 151 are very valuable, its dose predictions are not always correct. As such, the NCRP 151 methodology is best used in conjunction with physical measurements. The feasibility study for 6 MV open-door treatments made use of the NCRP 151 formalism, together with physical measurements for realistic 6 MV workloads. The results suggest that, dosimetrically, 6 MV open door treatments are feasible. A conservative estimate for the increased dose at the door arising from such treatments is 0.1 mSv, with a 1/8 occupancy factor, as recommended in NCRP 151, included. / Ce mémoire décrit une étude des techniques de blindage utilisées dans les installations de radiothérapie pour des accélérateurs linéaires à mégavoltage. Plus précisément, une évaluation du formalisme de calcul de blindage tracée par le rapport NCRP 151 a été entrepris, et une étude de faisabilité a été menée avec le but de laisser la porte ouverte pour les traitements à 6 MV dans des salles de traitement déjà existantes à l'Hopital général de Montréal (HGM). Pour évaluer le formalisme de blindage du NCRP 151, des doses équivalentes atténués par barrière ont été mesurés et comparés avec les résultats des calculs du NCRP 151. Cette étude a démontré que, meme si les idées et recommandations du NCRP 151 sont très valables, ses prévisions de doses ne sont pas toujours correctes. En tant que tel, la méthode du NCRP 151 est mieux utilisée en conjonction avec des mesures physiques. L'étude de faisabilité pour des traitements de 6 MV à porte ouverte a utilisé le formalisme du NCRP 151, avec des mesures réalistes pour les charges de travail à 6 MV. Les résultats suggèrent que, dosimetriquement, les traitements de 6 MV à porte ouverte sont réalisables. Une estimation prudente pour la dose plus élevée à la porte découlant de ces traitements est 0.1 mSv, avec un facteur d'occupation de 1/8, comme recommandé dans le rapport du NCRP 151.
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