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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

MikroRNR metiltransferazės HEN1 sąveikos su RNR tyrimai / Analysis of interaction between micrornr methyltransferase and rna

Juknaitė, Lina 25 November 2010 (has links)
MiRNR molekulės yra 21-24 nukleotidų ilgio dvigrandės RNR molekulės. Jos pačios nieko nekoduoja. Viena svarbiausių jų funkcijų yra genų raiškos valdymas potranskripciniame lygmenyje. Jas koduoja daugelis organizmų. miRNR brendimas skiriasi priklausomai nuo ląstelės tipo (gyvūninė ar augalinė). Augalų ląstelėse yra papildomas etapas, kuriu metu dvigrandė miRNR yra metilinama HEN1 baltymo. HEN1 metiltransferazė yra neseniai augaluose identifikuotas baltymas. HEN1 baltymas yra didelis (106,6 kDa), daugiadomeninis baltymas, kurio savybės mažai ištirtos. Jis vienintelis sugeba modifikuoti mažąsias RNR molekules pernešdama metilo grupę nuo kofaktoriaus S-adenozil-L-metionino ant 3′ galinio nt 2′ -OH grupės. HEN1 baltymas yra labai specifiškas savo substratui, kurį atpažįsta ne pagal nt seką, o pagal jo antrinę struktūrą ir ilgį. (Chen, 2005) Pagal homologiją su kitais baltymais HEN1 buvo nustatyti konservatyvūs motyvai. (Č. Venclovas) N-galinėje dalyje nustatyti du RNR prijungiantys (dvRNR-PD ir La- tipo) motyvai. Naudojant sutrumpintus baltymus ir išanalizavus juos elektroforetinio judrumo poslinkio PAA gelyje metodu buvo nustatyta, kad dvRNR-PD atlieka RNR prijungimo funkciją. dvRNR-PD buvo sumodeliuota erdvinė struktūra. Išanalizavus ją buvo nustatytos keturios aminorūgščių liekanos (12K, 22K, 69K ir 70K), kurios gali būti svarbios formuojantis baltymo ir RNR kompleksui. Ištyrus mutantinius baltymus, turinčius šių lizinų pakaitas buvo nustatyta, kad 12-as lizinas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / MiRNAs are 21-24 nt length double-stranded RNA molecules which do not encode anything. They play mayor role in post-transcriptional gene regulation level. These molecules are encoded by various organisms. miRNA maturation depends on the type of the cell (animal or plant). There is an additional step in plants when double stranded miRNA is methylated by HEN1 protein. HEN1 methyltransferase is a novel protein identified in plants. HEN1 protein has high molecular weight (106,6 kDa) and it is multistructural. Its features are not yet investigated. This is the only protein which modifies small RNA molecules by transferring methyl group from cofactor S-adenosil-L-methyonin to the 2′ -OH group of the last 3′ nt. HEN1 proteins is very specific to its substrate and recognizes it not by the nt sequence but by the molecule length and structure. After analysis of homologous proteins HEN1 conservative motives were identified. (Č. Venclovas) Two RNA binding motives (dsRNA-BM and La-type) were identified in the N-terminal region. By using shortened proteins and analyzing those by electrophoretic gel mobility in PAA gel shift it was find out that dsRNA-BM is responsible for binding miRNA. Theoretical structure model was made for dsRNA-BM. After analyzing it four amino acid residues (12K, 22K, 69K, and 70K) which can be important for the formation of protein and RNA complex were identified. After examination of mutant proteins with changed lysines it was determined that 12th... [to full text]
2

Le complexe MILI/mHEN1 et études fonctionnelles des protéines DrTDRD1 et DrMOV10L / The MILI/mHEN1 complex and functional studies of DrTDRD1 and DrMOV10L

Eckhardt, Stephanie 12 April 2011 (has links)
Les protéines Argonaute sont associées à de petits ARN et participent à la régulation de l'expression des gènes. Les protéines Piwi, sous-famille des protéines Argonaute, sont principalement exprimées dans les lignées germinales. Elles recrutent les piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) et assurent la stabilité du génome en inhibant les transposons. Une caractéristique des piRNA est la présence de groupes 2'-O-methyl à l'extrémité 3'. Les microARN et siRNA (small interfering RNA) de plantes, comme les siRNA de Drosophyle portent aussi cette modification qui est catalysée par l'ARN méthyl-tranférase HEN1. Son homologue murin, mHEN1, méthyle in vitro de petits ARN, mais son rôle dans la voie des piRNA n'avait pas encore été envisagé. Mon objectif était de relier mHEN1 à la voie des piRNA. J'ai démontré que mHEN1 interagit directement avec la partie N-ter de MILI mais pas avec les autres protéines Piwi de souris. La partie N-ter de MILI porte des arginines méthylées. J'ai démontré que l'interaction ne dépendait pas de la présence de cette modification, ce qui suggère que mHEN1 intervient avant la modification de MILI. Par imagerie cellulaire j'ai montré la compartimentation de HEN1 et des protéines Piwi dans des granules cytoplasmiques différents. Parallèlement, afin de caractériser les éléments de la voie piRNA, j'ai développé un nouveau modèle d'étude basé sur des embryons de poisson zèbre (Danio rerio). Ainsi, j'ai évalué le rôle de deux protéines interagissant avec les protéines Piwi, TDRD1 (Tudor-domain containing) et l'hélicase MOV10l décrits chez la souris mais pas chez le poisson zèbre. J'ai montré que l'expression de DrTDRD1, spécifique à la lignée germinale, dépend de sa partie 3'UTR. La réduction de l'expression de DrMOV10l, obtenue grâce à l'utilisation de morpholinos, entraîne la dérépression des éléments rétrotransposables des embryons en développement. Cette technique de Knock Down sera utilisée pour identifier de nouveaux éléments de la biogenèse des piRNA. / Argonaute proteins associate with small RNAs to participate in gene regulatory processes. Piwi proteins are a sub clade of Argonaute that are mainly expressed in the germ line. They bind to Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and exert functions in genome stability through transposon silencing. One defining feature of piRNAs is the presence of a 2'-O-methyl group on the 3' terminal nucleotide. Plants microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as well as Drosophila siRNAs carry a similar modification, which is catalyzed by the RNA methyltransferase HEN1. The mouse homolog, mHEN1, was shown to have methylation activity for RNA substrates in vitro, but its role in the murine piRNA pathway had not been addressed. My aim was to connect mHEN1 to the piRNA pathway. I demonstrated that mHEN1 interacts directly with the N-terminus of MILI but not with the other murine Piwi proteins. The N-terminus of MILI is known to carry methylated arginines, but I show that this interaction is independent of post-translational modification of MILI. Cellular imaging experiments identified compartmentalization of the enzyme and Piwi proteins into distinct cytoplasmic granules. These studies delineated interactions between mHEN1 and piRNA pathway factors and suggest that the enzyme can act prior to the arginine methylation of MILI. In a parallel study, I developed zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model system for identifying and manipulating piRNA pathway components. To this end, I evaluated the role of the two Piwi-interacting proteins, the Tudor-domain containing protein DrTDRD1 and the putative helicase DrMOV10l described in mouse but not in zebrafish. I showed that the germ line-specific expression of DrTDRD1 is dependent of its 3'UTR. A loss of DrMOV10l by morpholino knock down results in derepression of retrotransposable elements in the developing embryos. This morpholino-based technique I set up will be used to identify new components of the biogenesis of piRNAs.

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