L’exploration du tissu cutané est aujourd’hui limitée par le peu de méthodes dites quantitatives permettant de décrire objectivement les propriétés mécaniques du tissu cutané. L’élastographie permet une exploration locale d’un milieu et offre la possibilité pour certaines méthodes d’estimer quantitativement le module d’élasticité (module d’Young). Nous avons mis au point une technique d’élastographie ultrasonore impulsionnelle haute fréquence 1D (HF-TE) et haute résolution permettant une description micrométrique des propriétés mécaniques du tissu cutané pour des applications en cosmétique et en dermatologie. / Nowadays, exploration of cutaneous tissue is limited by the few number of available approaches, known as quantitative methods, allowing an objective description of the mechanical properties of skin tissue. Elastography allows a local exploration of a medium and offers the possibility for some strategies to quantitatively estimate the modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus). A 1-D high-frequency ultrasonic transient elastography method (HF-TE) allowing a micrometric description of the mechanical properties of skin tissue has been designed for cosmetic and dermatological applications. An experimental system of high-frequency transient elastography has been developed : software, hardware and measurement methodology. The HF-TE technique has been validated using simulation and measurements in monolayer and bilayer calibrated phantoms developed in the laboratory. The Young’s modulus values measured in monolayer media were then compared with those measured by two others dynamic techniques.