<p>U ovom radu su ispitani hemijski sastav, antioksidativna, antihiperglikemijska, antiproliferativna i antimikrobna aktivnost liofiliziranih metanolnih ekstrakata tropa<br />maline (Rubusidaeus L) sorti Meeker (ETMM) i Willamette (ETMW), kupine (RubusfruticosusL) sorti Čačanska bestrna (ETKČ) i Thornfree (ETKT) i divlje borovnice<br />(Vacciniummyrtillus L) (ETB). Sadržaj ukupnih polifenola (TPh), flavonoida (TF) i antocijana (TAc) u ekstraktima tropova određeni su spektrofotometrijskim metodama.<br />Identifikacija i kvantifikacija fenolnih jedinjenja (fenolnihkiselina, flavonola i cijanidina) i vitamina C u ekstraktima tropova izvedena je HPLC analizom. Spektrofotometrijskim<br />testovima određena je antioksidativna aktivnostna DPPH i ABTS+ radikale i redukciona sposobnost ekstrakata. ESR spektroskopijom utvrđen je uticaj ekstrakata na reaktivne hidroksil i superoksid anjon radikale. Antihiperglikemijska aktivnost ekstrakata određena<br />je testom inhibicije &alpha;-glukozidaze. Antiproliferativna aktivnost ekstrakata tropova ispitana je in vitro, njihovim delovanjem na rast četiri histolo&scaron;ki različite humane ćelije:<br />HeLa (epitelni karcinom cerviksa), MCF7 (adenokarcinom dojke), HT-29 (adenokarcinom debelog creva) i MRC-5 (humani fetalni fibroblasti pluća). Antimikrobna aktivnost ekstrakata tropova bobičastog voća ispitana je na odabrane sojeve Gram-pozitivnih i Gram-negativnih bakterija, kvasaca i plesni disk difuzionom metodom i metodom &bdquo;bunarčića&rdquo;. Ispitana je i mogućnost primene liofiliziranih ekstrakata tropova bobičastog voća kao funkcionalnog dodatka sokovima od voća. Laboratorijski proizvedenim obogaćenim sokovima je određen sadržaj TPh, TF i TAc i utvrđena antioksidativna aktivnost testom redukcione sposobnosti i DPPH testom. Rezultati ispitivanja hemijskog sastava, antioksidativne, antihiperglikemijske, antiproliferativne i antimikrobne aktivnosti ETMM, ETMW, ETKČ, ETKT i ETB ukazuju da su svi ispitivani ekstrakti tropova potencijalni izvor prirodnih<br />bioaktivnih jedinjenja, a antioksidativna aktivnost obogaćenih sokova ukazuje na mogućnost kori&scaron;ćenja ovih ekstrakata, kao funkcionalnih aditiva u proizvodnji različitih<br />visoko vrednih prehrambenih proizvoda.</p> / <p>This work examined the chemical composition, the antioxidant,<br />antihyperglycaemic, antiproliferative and antimicrobial<br />activity of the freeze-dried raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)<br />varieties Meeker (ETMM) and Willamette (ETMW), blackberry<br />(Rubus fruticosus L.) varieties (ETKČ) and Thornfree<br />(ETKT), and wild blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) (ETB)<br />pomaces methanol extracts. The content of total polyphenols<br />(TPh), total flavonoids (TF) and total anthocyanins (TAc) in<br />the pomace extracts were determined spectrophotometrically.<br />Identification and quantification of the phenolic compounds<br />(phenol acids, flavonols and cyanidins) and ascorbic acid in<br />the pomace extracts was performed by HPLC analysis. The<br />antioxidant activities of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically<br />using DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals and<br />reducing ability assay. ESR spectroscopy is used for determination<br />of pomace extracts&rsquo; influence on reactive hydroxyl<br />and superoxide anion radicals. Antihyperglycaemic activity of<br />the pomace extracts was determined using &alpha;-glucosidase inhibition<br />assay. The antiproliferative activity of the pomace extracts<br />was tested in vitro, testing their influence on the growth<br />of four histologically different human tumor cells: HeLa<br />(cervix epithelioid carcinoma), MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma),<br />HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma) and MRC-5(human fetal<br />lung fibroblasts). Antimicrobial activity of berry pomace extracts was tested on selected strains of Gram-positive and<br />Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and molds with the disc diffusion<br />method and the method of &ldquo;wells&rdquo;. The possibility of<br />freeze dried berry pomace extracts application as a fruit functional<br />additive was investigated as well. Laboratory produced<br />enriched juice was tested in terms of TPH, TF and TAc content,<br />reducing ability and DPPH scavenging ability as well.<br />The results of testing the chemical composition, the antioxidative,<br />antihyperglycaemic, antiproliferative and antimicrobial<br />activities of ETMM, ETMW, ETKČ, ETKT and ETB, indicate<br />that all investigated pomace extracts are a potential source of<br />natural bioactive compounds, and that the antioxidant activity<br />enriched juice indicates the possibility of using these extracts,<br />as a functional additive in the production of various high-value<br />food products.</p>

No description available.

<p>U okviru ove disertacije ispitan je hemijski, mineralni i<br />polifenolni sastav, kao i biolo&scaron;ki potencijal četiri sorte<br />kupina sa dva različita lokaliteta sjeverozapadnog dijela<br />Bosne i Hercegovine, sa lokaliteta Verići (divlja i<br />kultivisana sorta Čačanska bestrna) i sa lokaliteta<br />Javorani (divlja sorta i kultivisana sorta Chester<br />Thornles). Određen je sadržaj suve materije, pepela,<br />sirove celuloze, ukupnih &scaron;ećera, ukupna kiselost i sadržaj<br />askorbinske kiseline. Sadržaj mineralnih materija<br />detektovan je metodom optičke emisione spektrometrije<br />(ICP-OES). Za izdvajanje ekstrakata je kori&scaron;tena klasična<br />ekstrakciona tehnika prema Soxhlet-u uz upotrebu 80 %<br />etanola (v/v). Spektrofotometrijskim metodama određen<br />je sadržaj ukupnih polifenola, flavonida, flavonola,<br />ukupnih i monomernih antocijana. Kvalitativnom i<br />kvantitativnom HPLC metodom je utvrđen sadržaj<br />pojedinačnih polifenolih jedinjenja. Biolo&scaron;ki potencijal<br />uzoraka je utvrđen u sistemima in vitro, gdje je određena:<br />antioksidativna aktivnost, antihiperglikemijska aktivnost,<br />antiproliferativni efekat i antimikrobna aktivnost.<br />Antioksidativna aktivnost uzoraka je ispitana sa četiri<br />metode: DPPH test, ABTS test, sposobnost neutralizacije<br />hidroksil radikala i metodom inhibicije Briggs Rauscherovih oscilatornih reakcija. Antihiperglikemijska aktivnost<br />ispitivanih uzoraka kupine je dokazan na osnovu<br />sposobnosti inhibicije enzima &alpha;-glukozidaze.<br />Antiproliferativni efekat ispitivanih uzoraka je određen<br />prema inhibiciji rasta četiri humane ćelijske linije: HeLa<br />(epitelnog karcinoma cerviksa), HT-29 (adenokarcinoma<br />debelog crijeva), MRC-5 (zdravim ćelijama fibroblasti<br />pluća) i prema ćelijskoj liniji MCF7 (adenokarcinoma<br />dojke). Antimikrobna aktivnost je utvrđena prema gram<br />pozitivnom soju (G⁺) bakterija S. Aureus i gram<br />negativnom (G^-) soju E. coli, rastu micelija Aspergillusa<br />niger i Candida albicans. Regresionom analizom prema<br />Pirson-u su određeni odnosi između sadržaja polifenolnih<br />jedinjenja i biolo&scaron;kog potencijala, sa statističkim<br />značajem (p &le; 0,01).</p> / <p>The chemical, mineral, polyphenolics composition and<br />biological potentials of four blackberries varieties from two<br />different locations in the northwestern part of Bosnia and<br />Herzegovina (Verići - wild and cultivated variety Čačanska<br />bestrna and Javorani - wild and cultivated variety Chester<br />Thornless) were determined. The contents of dry matter, ash,<br />crude cellulose, total sugars, total acidity and ascorbic acid were<br />obtained. The contents of mineral matter were detected by<br />optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. A classic<br />Soxhlet extraction technique with 80% ethanol (v/v) was<br />applied to obtain extracts. The spectrophotometric methods<br />were used to determine the content of total polyphenolics,<br />flavonoids, flavonols, and total and monomer anthocyanins. The<br />content of individual polyphenolic compounds was determined<br />by HPLC method. The biological potentials (antioxidant<br />activity, antihyperglycemic activity, antiproliferative effect and<br />antimicrobial activity) of the samples were determined in vitro<br />systems. The antioxidant activity was tested with four methods:<br />DPPH test, ABTS test, ability to neutralize OH radicals and the<br />method of inhibiting Briggs Rauscher oscillatory reactions. The<br />antihyperglycaemic activity of the tested blackberry samples<br />was based on the ability to inhibit &alpha;-glucosidase enzyme. The<br />antiproliferative effect of the tested samples was determined by<br />inhibiting the growth of four human cell lines: epithelial<br />carcinoma of the cervix (HeLa), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-<br />29), healthy lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) and the cell line of<br />breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7). The extracts showed the<br />highest inhibitory effect on the cell line of breast<br />adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). The antimicrobial activity was<br />determined according to gram-positive bacteria (G ⁺) of<br />Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria (G ^-)<br />Escherichia coli, growth of mycelium Aspergillus niger and<br />fungi Candida albicans. The Pearson correlations were<br />statistically determined the relationship between the content of<br />polyphenolic compounds and biological potential, with<br />statistical significance (p &le; 0.01).</p>