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The book of Habakkuk is unique amongst the prophetic corpus for its dialogical format, in which an interchange takes place between YHWH and the prophet. Throughout the different sections, reference is made to antagonists both in Judah and Babylon, and it is not always clear which enemy is in view or how the two parties relate. Additionally, the shifts in literary types and overall themes throughout the work have raised the question of how the different sections relate to each other. Towards this end, this dissertation develops a model for discourse analysis of Biblical Hebrew within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics, which has a three-level model of meaning. The Mode component tracks the references to entities that create cohesion. The Field component examines what the various participants are doing, tracking process types, transitivity, and logical relations between clauses. The Tenor component looks at the speech roles and subjects used by different speakers. As much as possible, the individual data points within the three types of analysis are correlated with the others in order to discern patterns of usage. The analytical procedure is carried out on each pericope of the book separately, and then the results for each section are compared in order to determine how the successive speeches function as responses to each other, and to better understand development or change in the perspectives of the various speakers throughout. While the large amount of data compiled makes it difficult to summarize succinctly, in all three analytical categories throughout, differing configurations of the entities of the prophet, YHWH, the Chaldean, the nations, and the natural world show development regarding what holds discourses together, how they portray the actions and power relations, and what they arc discussing overall. When the introductory (1:2^l) and final (3:2-19) discourses of the prophet are compared, the mode, field, and tenor exhibit the following shifts, respectively: (1) a cohesive cluster of YHWH, the prophet, and evil things is replaced by a situation in which YHWH’s cohesive chain interacts with various extensions of his power and the natural world in addition to the prophet and the enemies of his people; (2) a transitivity configuration in which YHWH acts upon the prophet and various evil things act upon benevolent institutions is replaced by a configuration in which YHWH acts upon the earth, nations, the prophet (now in a positive way), and the enemies of the prophet; and (3) a discourse in which the prophet asks questions about YHWH’s passivity and makes statements about the rise of evil is succeeded by a discourse in which the prophet commands YHWH to execute his will, asks rhetorical questions about YHWH’s domination of the turbulent seas, and makes statements about YHWH, the natural world’s trembling response to YHWH, and the consequent emotional state of the prophet. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

What was the Old Greek translator’s literary and theological understanding of the book of Habakkuk? This is the central question of this thesis. The prophecy of Ambakoum (OG translation of “Habakkuk”) shows evidence of Greek rhetoric amidst numerous linguistic transformations. These features reflect part of the translator’s personal literary and translational style in the transformation process – an act of interpretation. The meaning of the Hebrew Scriptures was carried over into a new Greek text by a multi-lingual translator, working in Alexandria sometime in the second century B.C.E. The process of interpretation was affected by more than so-called literalism, but also by socio-historical, linguistic and theological considerations. When the translator was not literal his approach was not simply free or exegetical. A real challenge for the translator was not his comprehension of, or ability with, his Hebrew text, but his choice of words, syntax and grammar in his own language. Sometimes his knowledge of Aramaic, which was more familiar than Classical Hebrew, was a quicker or more logical recourse through which to make decisions when rendering his Koine text. An understanding of the translator’s style is derived from an examination of the linguistics (i.e. lexemes, morphosyntax, semantics, etc.) and literary shapes of the new target text. This provides a basis upon which to then derive the translator’s sense for his Hebrew Vorlage. It is the Greek translation that lays out his view(s). This thesis puts the translator’s style on display by providing studies on the different aspects of it. The shape of the target text highlights subtle differences that reveal the translator’s particular textual and thematic perspective. These studies answer the main question; they draw out and explain the translator’s approach, linguistic hurdles and inventions, Aramaic interference, and some subtle theological distinctions. Only by building upon a study of the Greek document can one then form a constructive response to this enquiry. This thesis contributes to the field by clearly presenting the translator’s adept ability with his own language, which was also marked with some Greek rhetorical devices. It also examines the concept of literalism in the Septuagint by drawing into focus the multi-faceted aspects of the translational, and therefore interpretational, process. And by reading Ambakoum as a religious and historical product, the theological differences with that of MT appear germane to the target text, unbound from our later readings of the source. The translator simply read his Hebrew text differently from the way we read ours; this thesis shows how.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:47:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JEOVA RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1028746 bytes, checksum: 978f9af75148c7194639e15486914a6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-12 / This dissertation aims to present the results of a survey in the Old Testament, and the book of the prophet Habakkuk as the central focus of research. This paper seeks to understand the concepts of justice and social injustice and the roles of Yahweh and 'righteous' in the implementation of social justice in the context of Habakkuk. The dissertation is structured into three chapters and is based primarily on a historicalgrammatical reading of the book of Habakkuk. The first chapter presents a historicalcritical analysis of the book of Habakkuk. For that uses some tools of historical-critical method. The second chapter consists of a historical text and context of Habakkuk, presenting information on the authorship of the book, the period of writing and recipient of the prophetic message, and an explanation of the message of the prophet Habakkuk. This exhibition uses as reference the final text of the book that bears his name, as structured in the Portuguese Jerusalem Bible (BJ), who also served as the standard for all Biblical quotations cited in this research. This exhibition takes a historical-grammatical, social and theological. The third chapter seeks to describe the concepts of justice and social injustice in Israel. Discusses how these concepts were treated between the peoples of the Ancient Near East and in Israel since its genesis to the time of the disintegration of the monarchy, and 'how' 'why' and the emergence of the prophet in Israel. This reading is done on a social-historical perspective. The conclusion points out some implications that can be inferred from the analysis of the Prophet Habakkuk, as understanding the concepts of justice and injustice and social partnership between Yahweh and 'righteous' in promoting social justice. / Esta dissertação objetiva apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa no Antigo Testamento, tendo o livro do profeta Habacuc como foco central da pesquisa. Este trabalho busca compreender os conceitos de justiça e injustiça social e os papéis de Yahweh e do justo na implementação da justiça social no contexto de Habacuc. A dissertação está estruturada em três capítulos e fundamenta-se primariamente numa leitura histórico-gramatical do livro de Habacuc. O primeiro capítulo apresenta uma análise histórico-crítica do livro de Habacuc. Para isso utiliza alguns instrumentos do método histórico-crítico. O segundo capítulo consiste de um histórico do texto e contexto de Habacuc, apresentando informações sobre a autoria do livro, o período da escrita e o destinatário da mensagem profética, e de uma exposição da mensagem do profeta Habacuc. Essa exposição utiliza como referencial o texto final do livro que leva seu nome, conforme estruturado na Bíblia de Jerusalém (BJ), que também serviu de padrão para todas as citações bíblicas mencionadas nesta pesquisa. Essa exposição se dá numa perspectiva histórico-gramatical, social e teológica. O terceiro capítulo, busca descrever os conceitos de justiça e injustiça social em Israel. Discute a maneira como esses conceitos foram tratados entre os povos do Oriente Antigo e em Israel desde sua gênese até a época da desintegração da monarquia, e o como e o porquê do surgimento do Profetismo em Israel. Essa leitura é feita numa perspectiva histórico-social. A conclusão aponta algumas implicações que podem ser inferidas a partir da análise do livro do profeta Habacuc, conforme a compreensão dos conceitos de justiça e injustiça social e de parceria entre Yahweh e o justo na promoção da justiça social.

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