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Continuum results for light hadrons from 2+1 flavour Domain Wall QCDKelly, Christopher January 2010 (has links)
This thesis presents a first study of the continuum limit of light hadronic physics using a lattice gauge theory simulation with good chiral symmetry. The results are interpreted and extrapolated using both the chiral effective theory and analytic models. Matrix elements of operators of the effective weak Hamiltonian are calculated. The thesis details a combined chiral and continuum extrapolation of two ensemble sets of 2+1 flavour Domain Wall QCD data with inverse lattice spacings around 1.73 and 2.32 GeV. A novel procedure of matching lattice data at unphysical quark masses is used to define the scaling trajectory to the continuum limit. Quantities studied include the pion and kaon masses and decay constants, the average up/down quark mass, the strange quark mass, and the neutral kaon mixing parameter BK. The latter is an important theoretical input to the K band in the unitarity triangle of the CKM matrix. A subset of recent results of ref. [1] in the chiral effective theory needed to perform our fits are re-derived. New methods for the improved determination of the BK matrix element (and other correlation functions), and also for the renormalisation of the relevant four-quark operator for BK are presented.
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Etude des réactions d'annihilation proton-antiproton et contribution expérimentale à la polarimétrie hadronique / Study of Antiproton-proton Annihilation Reactions and Experimental Contribution to Hadron PolarimetryWang, Ying 07 July 2017 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la physique hadronique et consiste en des études phénoménologiques et expérimentales dédiées à la structure interne des nucléons et reliées aux mesures des facteurs de forme des hadrons dans les régions temps et espace. Dans le cadre du futur complexe accélérateur d'antiprotons et d'ions (FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) à Darmstadt, Allemagne, un programme expérimental dont le but est la mesure des facteurs de forme électromagnétiques du proton dans la région temps est prévu auprès du détecteur de grande acceptance PANDA (anti-Proton Annihilation at Darmstadt) à partir des réactions d'annihilation pbar p -> e+ e- dans l'intervalle en énergie 2.25(1.5) <sqrt(s)(p L ) < 5.47(15) GeV (GeV/c), où sqrt(s)(p L ) est l'énergie totale dans le système centre de masse (l'impulsion du faisceau dans le référentiel du laboratoire). La difficulté réside dans l'extraction du signal d'intérêt dans le bruit de fond des voies hadroniques, principalement la production d'une paire de pions chargés. L'étude phénoménologique de la production d'une paire de mésons dans l'annihilation pbar p représente l'un des sujets de cette thèse. Le but de cette étude est double : d'une part, être capable de mieux évaluer le bruit de fond hadronique et d'autre part, accroître nos connaissances sur la structure interne des hadrons car une telle réaction contient des informations sur le contenu en quarks des nucléons. Un modèle effectif de mésons a été développé pour évaluer la section efficace d'annihilation pbar p en une paire de pions légers, dans le domaine en énergie d’intérêt. Un facteur de forme logarithmique a été introduit pour modéliser la nature composite des hadrons en interaction. Ce modèle s'applique aussi à la diffusion élastique pion proton, par symétrie de croisement, et à la production d'une paire de kaons chargés, suivant la symétrie SU(3). Le modèle a été ensuite étendu à différentes voies neutres telles pi0-pi0, eta-eta, pi0-eta. Les résultats obtenus sont présentés et comparés aux données existantes. Dans la région espace, l'effort expérimental entrepris à Jefferson Lab (Newport News, VA, USA) et dédié à la mesure précise du rapport des facteurs de forme électromagnétiques du proton dans la diffusion élastique doublement polarisée ep, sera poursuivi à plus haut quadri-moment transféré carré, au-dessus de 10 GeV2, et concernera aussi le neutron. Cette méthode nécessite une mesure précise de la polarisation du proton ou du neutron de recul. Pour concevoir et optimiser la polarimétrie dans la région du GeV, une détermination de l'efficacité et des pouvoirs d'analyse, c'est-à-dire de la figure de mérite d'un polarimètre, est indispensable préalablement aux expériences à JLab. Dans ce contexte, j'ai contribué à l'expérience ALPOM2 (JINR Dubna, Russie), la seule expérience actuellement capable de mesurer les pouvoirs d'analyse protons et neutrons pour les mesures à JLab avec plusieurs types de cibles. Expérimentalement, un faisceau polarisé de protons ou de neutrons de 3.0, 3.75 et 4.2 GeV/c est obtenu par cassure du faisceau de deutons polarisés du Nuclotron et les fragments chargés issus des collisions avec les cibles de C, CH2, CH et Cu sont mesurés. Pour les neutrons, dans l'intervalle en impulsion de 1 à 6 GeV/c, deux processus ont été considérés pour déterminer les pouvoirs d'analyse : np -> np, et réaction avec échange de charge np -> pn. A partir de la comparaison des figures de mérite associées à chacun de ces deux processus, calculés par un modèle, la réaction avec échange de charge apparaît comme plus efficace pour la polarimétrie à haute énergie. Les pouvoirs d'analyse du neutron pour la réaction d'échange de charge sur des cibles CH et Cu ont été mesurés pour la première fois jusqu'à 4.2 GeV/c. Pour le proton, des données plus précises de pouvoir d'analyse ont été obtenues. Les résultats expérimentaux de l'analyse préliminaire sont présentés. / This thesis work, set in the framework of hadron physics, reports on a phenomenological and an experimental studies dedicated to nucleon internal structure, both related to hadron electromagnetic form factor measurements in the time-like and in the space-like regions.At the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, an experimental program aiming to determine the proton electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region is planned with the PANDA (anti-Proton Annihilation at Darmstadt) large acceptance detector through the annihilation reaction pbar p -> e+ e- in the energy range 2.25(1.5) <sqrt(s)(p L ) < 5.47(15) GeV (GeV/c), where sqrt(s)(p L ) is the total energy in the center of mass system (the beam momentum in laboratory frame). In such reactions, the difficulty is to extract the signal of interest from the huge background coming from hadronic channels, mainly pion pair production. Phenomenological studies of meson pair production in pbar p annihilation is one of the subjects of this thesis. The goal is two-fold : to better evaluate the hadronic background and to improve our knowledge on the hadron internal structure as such reaction contains by itself useful information on the hadron quark content. An effective meson model has been developed to evaluate the cross section of pbar p annihilation into light meson pairs, in the energy domain relevant to the PANDA experiment. A logarithmic form factor is introduced to account for the composite nature of the interacting hadrons. The model was also applied to pi p elastic scattering, using crossing symmetry, and to charged kaon pair production, on the basis of SU(3) symmetry. The model has then been extended to different neutral channels pi0-pi0, eta-eta, eta-pi0 relying on SU(3) symmetry. In the range 3.362(5) <sqrt(s)(p L ) < 4.559(10.1) GeV (GeV/c), the results obtained are presented and compared to existing data.In the space-like region, the experimental effort started at Jefferson Lab (Newport News, VA, USA) and dedicated to precise measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio based on the recoil polarization method in elastic ep scattering, will be pursued up to higher four-momentum transfer squared, above 10 GeV2, and will be also applied to neutron. This method requires an accurate measurement of the polarization of the recoil particle, the proton or the neutron. In order to design and optimize the polarimetry in the GeV region, the determination of the efficiency and the analyzing powers, that combine into the figure of merit of a polarimeter, is mandatory prior to perform the experiments at JLab. In this context I contributed to the ALPOM2 experiment (JINR Dubna, Russia), the only experiment right now able to measure proton and neutron analyzing powers in the momentum range of interest for Jefferson Lab measurements and allowing considering different types of target. Experimentally, in the framework of ALPOM2, from the Nuclotron polarized deuteron beam, polarized proton and neutron beams at 3.0, 3.75 and 4.2 GeV/c were obtained by deuteron break-up and the charged fragments from the collisions with C, CH2, CH and Cu targets were measured. For neutrons, in the range from 1 to 6 GeV/c, two processes have been considered to determine the analyzing powers: np -> np and the charge exchange reaction np -> pn. From the comparison of the figures of merit associated to each of these two processes, the charge exchange reaction appears to be more efficient for polarimetry at high energy. Neutron analyzing powers for the charge exchange reaction on CH, and Cu targets have been measured up to 4.2 GeV/c for the first time. For the proton, more precise analyzing power data have been obtained. Experimental results of preliminary analysis are presented.
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Photoproduction of Λ* Resonances using the CLAS DetectorShrestha, Utsav 03 June 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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Gluon propagator in classical color field of colliding hadrons and its implications for hadronic cross sectionsCheung, Man-Fung 28 September 2011 (has links)
We review the Regge theory and the minijet model for pp and pp collisions. We show that, in the conventional minijet approach, the asymptotic behavior of the total cross section calculated using currently accepted gluon distribution function and perturbative QCD rises too rapidly when compared with the data and fails to satisfy Froissart bound. To tame the rise, we have developed a new formalism for the interaction between QCD gluon and the classical color field of the colliding nucleons, and show how the gluon propagator is modified. The corresponding gauge invariance condition of the propagator is derived and shown to be satisfied. The modified gluon propagator leads to a suppression of the minijet cross section due to the gg [rightwards arrow] gg sub-process in the small-x region. We show that the pp and pp total cross section from [square root]s = 5 GeV to 30 TeV can be described as a sum of a hard component contributed by the classical field modified minijet model and a soft component due to the exchange of the Pomeron and the I=0 exchange-degenerate [omega] and f Regge trajectories. The soft-component model is motivated by the notion of duality. The predicted total cross section has a ln s asymptotic behavior. / text
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Helicity Asymmetry E In Eta (547) Meson Photoproduction From The ProtonJanuary 2011 (has links)
abstract: The nucleon resonance spectrum consists of many overlapping excitations. Polarization observables are an important tool for understanding and clarifying these spectra. While there is a large data base of differential cross sections for the process, very few data exist for polarization observables. A program of double polarization experiments has been conducted at Jefferson Lab using a tagged polarized photon beam and a frozen spin polarized target (FROST). The results presented here were taken during the first running period of FROST using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab with photon energies ranging from 329 MeV to 2.35 GeV. Data are presented for the E polarization observable for eta meson photoproduction on the proton from threshold (W=1500 MeV) to W=1900 MeV. Comparisons to the partial wave analyses of SAID and Bonn-Gatchina along with the isobar analysis of eta-MAID are made. These results will help distinguish between current theoretical predictions and refine future theories. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Physics 2011
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Spin Observables in η Meson Photoproduction on the ProtonJanuary 2016 (has links)
abstract: A series of experiments using a polarized beam incident on a polarized frozen spin target
(FROST) was conducted at Jefferson Lab in 2010. Results presented here were taken
during the second running period with the FROST target using the CEBAF Large Acceptance
Spectrometer (CLAS) detector at Jefferson Lab, which used transversely-polarized
protons in a butanol target and a circularly-polarized incident tagged photon beam with
energies between 0.62 and 2.93 GeV. Data are presented for the F and T polarization observables
for h meson photoproduction on the proton from W = 1.55 GeV to 1.80 GeV.
The data presented here will improve the world database and refine theoretical approaches
of nucleon structure. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physics 2016
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Teoria efetiva para decaimentos radiativos do X(3872) / Effective Field Theory for the X(3872) Radiative DecaysMolnar, Daniel Alberto Stanischesk 04 December 2015 (has links)
In this thesis we study radiative decays of the exotic meson X(3872) into $J/ \\psi \\gamma$ and $\\psi(2S) \\gamma$ using an effective field theory framework. Assuming the exotic meson to be primarily a molecular state of the mesons $D$ and $ \\bar{D}^{*}$, we perform a renormalization analysis to estimate the contribution of the short-distance physics. This is done using two different prescriptions, the popular $\\overline{MS}$ scheme, valid only for perturbative calculations, and the PDS scheme, used in EFTs for loosely-bound systems and intrinsically non-perturbative. We show that, without a short-distance contact interaction, the observables become very dependent on the regularization scale, therefore demanding proper renormalization. We include two short-distance contact terms, one for each decay channel, and impose the renormalization condition within both $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS schemes. We obtain the behavior of the contact term with the renormalization scale $\\mu$, which can be useful in guiding models for the short-distance part. We note, however, distinct behaviors between $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS. Both also lead to lower limits in the decay widths that could, in principle, be tested experimentally. / In this thesis we study radiative decays of the exotic meson X(3872) into $J/ \\psi \\gamma$ and $\\psi(2S) \\gamma$ using an effective field theory framework. Assuming the exotic meson to be primarily a molecular state of the mesons $D$ and $ \\bar{D}^{*}$, we perform a renormalization analysis to estimate the contribution of the short-distance physics. This is done using two different prescriptions, the popular $\\overline{MS}$ scheme, valid only for perturbative calculations, and the PDS scheme, used in EFTs for loosely-bound systems and intrinsically non-perturbative. We show that, without a short-distance contact interaction, the observables become very dependent on the regularization scale, therefore demanding proper renormalization. We include two short-distance contact terms, one for each decay channel, and impose the renormalization condition within both $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS schemes. We obtain the behavior of the contact term with the renormalization scale $\\mu$, which can be useful in guiding models for the short-distance part. We note, however, distinct behaviors between $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS. Both also lead to lower limits in the decay widths that could, in principle, be tested experimentally.
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Teoria efetiva para decaimentos radiativos do X(3872) / Effective Field Theory for the X(3872) Radiative DecaysDaniel Alberto Stanischesk Molnar 04 December 2015 (has links)
In this thesis we study radiative decays of the exotic meson X(3872) into $J/ \\psi \\gamma$ and $\\psi(2S) \\gamma$ using an effective field theory framework. Assuming the exotic meson to be primarily a molecular state of the mesons $D$ and $ \\bar{D}^{*}$, we perform a renormalization analysis to estimate the contribution of the short-distance physics. This is done using two different prescriptions, the popular $\\overline{MS}$ scheme, valid only for perturbative calculations, and the PDS scheme, used in EFTs for loosely-bound systems and intrinsically non-perturbative. We show that, without a short-distance contact interaction, the observables become very dependent on the regularization scale, therefore demanding proper renormalization. We include two short-distance contact terms, one for each decay channel, and impose the renormalization condition within both $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS schemes. We obtain the behavior of the contact term with the renormalization scale $\\mu$, which can be useful in guiding models for the short-distance part. We note, however, distinct behaviors between $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS. Both also lead to lower limits in the decay widths that could, in principle, be tested experimentally. / In this thesis we study radiative decays of the exotic meson X(3872) into $J/ \\psi \\gamma$ and $\\psi(2S) \\gamma$ using an effective field theory framework. Assuming the exotic meson to be primarily a molecular state of the mesons $D$ and $ \\bar{D}^{*}$, we perform a renormalization analysis to estimate the contribution of the short-distance physics. This is done using two different prescriptions, the popular $\\overline{MS}$ scheme, valid only for perturbative calculations, and the PDS scheme, used in EFTs for loosely-bound systems and intrinsically non-perturbative. We show that, without a short-distance contact interaction, the observables become very dependent on the regularization scale, therefore demanding proper renormalization. We include two short-distance contact terms, one for each decay channel, and impose the renormalization condition within both $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS schemes. We obtain the behavior of the contact term with the renormalization scale $\\mu$, which can be useful in guiding models for the short-distance part. We note, however, distinct behaviors between $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS. Both also lead to lower limits in the decay widths that could, in principle, be tested experimentally.
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Simulation of electromagnetic channels for PANDA@FAIR / Simulation de canaux électromagnétiques pour PANDA@FAIRMa, Binsong 23 September 2014 (has links)
Le multi-détecteur PANDA (antiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt) équipera l’anneau de stockage d’antiprotons du complexe d’accélérateurs FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research), en construction à Darmstadt et dont les premiers faisceaux sont prévus en 2019. L’expérience cible fixe PANDA est un outil du futur pour la physique hadronique. Avec PANDA, on peut étudier par exemple la spectroscopie des mésons, rechercher de nouveaux états de la matière, comme les boules de glue et les hybrides, étudier la spectroscopie des baryons charmés et multi-étranges, les hypernoyaux, les hadrons dans la matière nucléaire. Les réactions d’annihilation antiproton-proton permettent aussi d’étudier la structure du nucléon, en particulier en utilisant les canaux électromagnétiques de production de paires électron-positron, qui constituent l’objet d’étude de cette thèse. Un problème majeur de l’étude des canaux électromagnétiques, est le bruit de fond hadronique, qui est au moins six ordres de grandeur plus grand que le signal et qui nécessite une excellente identification de particules et une bonne résolution en impulsion. Or, la reconstruction de l’impulsion des électrons et positrons est dégradée par l’émission de photons de Bremsstrahlung le long de leur trace. Dans la première partie de la thèse, j’ai étudié ce problème et développé une méthode, basée sur une correction de l’impulsion des électrons et positrons événement par événement, en utilisant la détection des photons de Bremsstrahlung dans le calorimètre électromagnétique. Cette méthode, qui a été intégrée dans le code de reconstruction officiel de PANDA, PANDAroot, permet une amélioration très significative de la résolution en impulsion des électrons dont peuvent bénéficier toutes les études de canaux de production de paires électron-positron.Dans la deuxième partie, j’ai effectué une étude de faisabilité de la mesure de la réaction antiproton proton → J/Ψ π⁰ dans un modèle utilisant des TDAs (Transition Distribution Amplitudes) pion-nucléon. Les TDAs sont des objets non-perturbatifs qui décrivent la transition entre deux particules différentes. Par exemple, les TDAs pion-nucléon donnent des informations sur les composantes pioniques dans la fonction d’onde du nucléon. Pour cette étude, j’ai utilisé le modèle de TDA pour créer un générateur d’événements, puis j’ai étudié les capacités de réjection du bruit de fond hadronique. L’amélioration de l’efficacité du signal, due à la méthode de correction de Bremsstrahlung a pu aussi être quantifiée. Cette étude pourra être utilisée pour une proposition d’expérience pour PANDA. / The multi-purpose detector PANDA (antiProton Annihilation at Darmstadt) will be built at the antiproton storage ring of the FAIR accelerator complex that is under construction in Darmstadt and is expected to provide its first beam in 2019. The fixed target experiment PANDA is a state of the art hadronic physics detector. With PANDA, one can explore a wide range of topics including meson spectroscopy, search for new states of matter such as glue balls and hybrids, charmed and multi-strange baryon spectroscopy, hyper-nuclei, and properties of hadrons in nuclei. Proton antiproton annihilation reactions will also allow to study the structure of nucleons, in particular by exploiting the electromagnetic channel of electron-positron pair production which is the subject of this thesis.One major problem with studies of electromagnetic channels is the hadronic background with cross-sections at least six orders of magnitude larger than the signal, requiring excellent particle identification and good momentum resolution. However the momentum reconstruction for electrons and positrons is degraded due to the emission of Bremsstrahlung photons along their path. In the first part of this thesis, I studied this problem and developed a method based on the correction of the momentum of electrons and positrons event by event, using Bremsstrahlung photons detected in the electromagnetic calorimeter. This method, which has been integrated into PANDAroot, the official PANDA reconstruction code, provides a significant improvement of momentum resolution for electrons, and will be exploitable by any measurement with electron-positron pair in the exit channel.In the second part, I performed a feasibility study of measuring the reaction antiproton p →J/Ψ π⁰ using predictions from a model based on pion-nucleon TDAs (Transition Distribution Amplitudes). TDAs are non-perturbative objects that describe the transition between two particles of different nature. For example, pion-nucleon TDAs contain information about the pionic components in the nucleon's wave function. For this study, I relied on the TDA model to create an event generator, and studied the capability to reject hadronic background. The improvement of the efficiency for the signal due to the Bremsstrahlung correction method was quantified. This study can be used as basis for a proposal of an experiment with PANDA.
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Di-pion and di-electron production in quasi-free np reactions with HADES / Emission de di-pions et de di-electrons dans les réactions quasi-libre np avec HADESKuc, Hubert 18 December 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse consiste en une étude de la production exclusive de di-pions (π+π-) et di-électrons (e+e-) associée avec la formation d’un deuton dans la réaction quasi-libre neutron+proton aux moyens de faisceaux de deutons à une énergie cinétique de 2.5 GeV. La mesure a été effectuée à GSI (Darmstadt) en utilisant le spectromètre HADES installé sur le synchroton SIS18. L’étude est motivée par l’observation par HADES d’un excès dans la production inclusive de di-électrons dans les réactions neutron-proton par rapport à la réaction proton-proton à la même énergie nominale. Ce résultat a mis fin au problème de longue date de la production inexpliquée de di-électrons mesurée dans les collisions d’ions lourds. L’ analyse combinée des deux canaux est justifiée par les prédictions de modèles qui suggèrent que la production de ρ « hors-couche » est une source significative de paires e+e-.Les composants du détecteur, l’identification de particules, la reconstruction de l’impulsion et la sélection du canal sont décrits et expliqués en détail. Les sections efficaces différentielles pour la production de di-pions et di-électrons mesurées dans l’acceptance d’HADES sont présentées et comparées aux prédictions des modèles. En particulier, pour le canal de di-pions, les masses invariantes des systèmes de di-pions et deuteron-di-pions sont comparées au modèle décrivant les données de l’expérience WASA. Les sources conventionnelles de production de di-pions, comme la décroissance de deux résonances Δ(1232) ou d’une résonance N(1440), ne décrivent pas les données d’HADES et réclament d’autres contributions, comme par exemple la formation d’un di-baryon. Cependant, l’existence de ce processus, bien qu’en bon accord quantitatif avec nos données, n’a pas pu être prouvée sans ambiguité dans le cadre de cette analyse. Dans le canal de di-électrons, une valeur limite de 49 nb a pu être extraite pour la réaction : np→pd→γ* d→ e⁺e⁻d. De plus, il est montré que la prise en compte du canal pn→ ΔΔ→ ppn→e⁺e⁻pn améliore de façon significative la description des données d’HADES. / The main subject of this work is a study of the exclusive di-pion (π+π-) and di-electron (e+e-) production associated with deuteron formation in a quasi-free neutron+proton reaction by means of deuteron beams with kinetic energy of 2.5 GeV. The measurement was conducted at GSI, Darmstadt exploiting the HADES spectrometer operating on SIS18 synchrotron. The study was motivated by the observation of the yield excess in the inclusive di-electron production in neutron-proton over the proton-proton collisions at the same nominal energy measured by the HADES and solving the long standing puzzle of the unexplained di-electron yield measured in heavy ion collisions. The relevance of the combined analysis of the two channels follows from predictions of model calculations suggesting a significant contribution to the e+e- yield from off-shell ρ meson production. Furthermore, the results on di-pion production provide valuable verification of the di-baryon formation, recently reported by WASA collaboration, in the complementary phase space region covered by the HADES.Detector components, particle identification, momentum reconstruction and the channel selection are described and explained in details. Differential cross sections for the di-pion and dielectron production, within the HADES acceptance, are presented and compared to model predictions. In particular, for the di-pion channel, the di-pion and deuteron-di-pion invariant mass distributions are compared to the model describing data from the WASA experiment. It is shown that conventional sources of di-pion production, like double Δ(1232) and N*(1440) decays do not describe HADES data and call for additional contributions, like for example di-baryon formation. However, the production of the latter one, though in quantitative agreement with our data, could not be unambiguously proven by the presented analysis. In the dielectron channel, an upper limit of 49 nb has been extracted for the np→pd→γ* d→ e⁺e⁻d reaction. Furthermore, it has been shown that inclusion of the recently suggested: pn→ ΔΔ→ ppn→e⁺e⁻pn improves significantly the description of the HADES dielectron data.
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