In this thesis, which consists of four papers, we study the discrete spectrum of Schrödinger operators in waveguides. In these domains the quadratic form of the Dirichlet Laplacian operator does not satisfy any Hardy inequality. If we include an attractive electric potential in the model or curve the domain, then bound states will always occur with energy below the bottom of the essential spectrum. We prove that a magnetic field stabilises the threshold of the essential spectrum against small perturbations. We deduce this fact from a magnetic Hardy inequality, which has many interesting applications in itself. In Paper I we prove the magnetic Hardy inequality in a two-dimensional waveguide. As an application, we establish that when a magnetic field is present, a small local deformation or a small local bending of the waveguide will not create bound states below the essential spectrum. In Paper II we study the Dirichlet Laplacian operator in a three-dimensional waveguide, whose cross-section is not rotationally invariant. We prove that if the waveguide is locally twisted, then the lower edge of the spectrum becomes stable. We deduce this from a Hardy inequality. In Paper III we consider the magnetic Schrödinger operator in a three-dimensional waveguide with circular cross-section. If we include an attractive potential, eigenvalues may occur below the bottom of the essential spectrum. We prove a magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequality for these eigenvalues. In the same paper we give a lower bound on the ground state of the magnetic Schrödinger operator in a disc. This lower bound is used to prove a Hardy inequality for the magnetic Schrödinger operator in the original waveguide setting. In Paper IV we again study the two-dimensional waveguide. It is known that if the boundary condition is changed locally from Dirichlet to magnetic Neumann, then without a magnetic field bound states will occur with energies below the essential spectrum. We however prove that in the presence of a magnetic field, there is a critical minimal length of the magnetic Neumann boundary condition above which the system exhibits bound states below the threshold of the essential spectrum. We also give explicit bounds on the critical length from above and below. / QC 20101007

<p>In this thesis, which consists of four papers, we study the discrete spectrum of Schrödinger operators in waveguides. In these domains the quadratic form of the Dirichlet Laplacian operator does not satisfy any Hardy inequality. If we include an attractive electric potential in the model or curve the domain, then bound states will always occur with energy below the bottom of the essential spectrum. We prove that a magnetic field stabilises the threshold of the essential spectrum against small perturbations. We deduce this fact from a magnetic Hardy inequality, which has many interesting applications in itself.</p><p>In Paper I we prove the magnetic Hardy inequality in a two-dimensional waveguide. As an application, we establish that when a magnetic field is present, a small local deformation or a small local bending of the waveguide will not create bound states below the essential spectrum.</p><p>In Paper II we study the Dirichlet Laplacian operator in a three-dimensional waveguide, whose cross-section is not rotationally invariant. We prove that if the waveguide is locally twisted, then the lower edge of the spectrum becomes stable. We deduce this from a Hardy inequality.</p><p>In Paper III we consider the magnetic Schrödinger operator in a three-dimensional waveguide with circular cross-section. If we include an attractive potential, eigenvalues may occur below the bottom of the essential spectrum. We prove a magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequality for these eigenvalues. In the same paper we give a lower bound on the ground state of the magnetic Schrödinger operator in a disc. This lower bound is used to prove a Hardy inequality for the magnetic Schrödinger operator in the original waveguide setting.</p><p>In Paper IV we again study the two-dimensional waveguide. It is known that if the boundary condition is changed locally from Dirichlet to magnetic Neumann, then without a magnetic field bound states will occur with energies below the essential spectrum. We however prove that in the presence of a magnetic field, there is a critical minimal length of the magnetic Neumann boundary condition above which the system exhibits bound states below the threshold of the essential spectrum. We also give explicit bounds on the critical length from above and below.</p>

The work presented in this thesis revolves around spectral inequalities and their applications in quantum mechanics. In Paper A, the ground state energy of an atom confined to two dimensions is analyzed in the limit when the charge of the nucleus Z becomes very large. The main result is a two-term asymptotic expansion of the ground state energy in terms of Z. Paper B deals with Hardy inequalities for the kinetic energy of a particle in the presence of an external magnetic field. If the magnetic field has a non-trivial radial component, we show that Hardy’s classical lower bound can be improved by an extra term depending on the magnetic field. In Paper C we study interacting Bose gases and prove Lieb-Thirring type estimates for several types of interaction potentials, such as the hard-sphere interaction in three dimensions, the hard-disk interaction in two dimensions as well as homogeneous potentials. / <p>QC 20140520</p>

Cette thèse porte sur quelques inégalités de type Trudinger-Moser et leurs applications à l'étude des injections de Sobolev qu'elles induisent dans les espaces d'Orlicz et à l'analyse d'équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires à croissance exponentielle.Le travail qu'on présente ici se compose de trois parties. La première partie est consacrée à la description du défaut de compacité de l'injection de Sobolev 4D dans l'espace d'Orlicz dansle cadre radial.L'objectif de la deuxième partie est double. D'abord, on caractérise le défaut de compacité de l'injection de Sobolev 2D dans les différentes classes d'espaces d'Orlicz. Ensuite, on étudiel'équation de Klein-Gordon semi-linéaire avec non linéarité exponentielle, où la norme d'Orlicz joue un rôle crucial. En particulier, on aborde les questions d'existence globale, de complétude asymptotique et d'étude qualitative.Dans la troisième partie, on établit des inégalités optimales de type Adams, en étroite relation avec les inégalités de Hardy, puis on fournit une description du défaut de compacité des injections de Sobolev qu'elles induisent / This thesis focuses on some Trudinger-Moser type inequalities and their applications to the study of Sobolev embeddings they induce into the Orlicz spaces, and the investigation of nonlinear partial differential equations with exponential growth.The work presented here includes three parts. The first part is devoted to the description of the lack of compactness of the 4D Sobolev embedding into the Orlicz space in the radialframework.The aim of the second part is twofold. Firstly, we characterize the lack of compactness of the 2D Sobolev embedding into the different classes of Orlicz spaces. Secondly, we undertakethe study of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with exponential growth, where the Orlicz norm plays a crucial role. In particular, issues of global existence, scattering and qualitativestudy are investigated.In the third part, we establish sharp Adams-type inequalities invoking Hardy inequalities, then we give a description of the lack of compactness of the Sobolev embeddings they induce

Using interpolation methods, new results on the boundedness of quasilinear joint weak type operators on Lorentz-Karamata (LK) spaces are established. LK spaces generalize many function spaces introduced before in literature, for example, the generalized Lorentz- Zygmund spaces, the Zygmund spaces, the Lorentz spaces and, of course, the Lebesgue spaces. The focus is mainly on the limiting cases of interpolation, where the spaces involved are, in certain sense, very close to the endpoint spaces. The results contain both necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the given operator on LK spaces. The complete characterization of embeddings of LK spaces is also included and the optimality of achieved results is then discussed. Finally, we apply our results to the conjugate function operator, which is known to be bounded on $L_p$ only if $1<p<\infty.$ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)